scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Mulching Materials on Weed Control in Saffron Cultivation in Eastern Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ibtissam Mzabri ◽  
Maria Rimani ◽  
Khadija Charif ◽  
Nourddine Kouddane ◽  
Abdelbasset Berrichi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Dry Biomass

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is cultivated in many countries for its culinary and medicinal values. The production of saffron is limited by several factors, including weed infestation, which causes damage to the crop in terms of quantity and quality. However, little information is available on the different weed management strategies for saffron cultivation, as most of the strategies implemented are developed for large-scale and conventional agriculture. As a result, they are not applicable or affordable for organic or smallholder farmers, as is the case for saffron cultivation. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of plastic mulching versus mulching in controlling weeds in saffron cultivation in the eastern region of Morocco. During the trial, which was conducted in 2018, the parameters measured correspond, on the one hand, to morphometric measurements and determination of saffron stigma yield and, on the other hand, to the determination of density, dry biomass, and weed control capacity. Compared to the control, mulching reduced the population and dry biomass of the most formidable weeds such as Cynodon dactylon, Aster squamatus, Cyperus rotundus, and Convolvulus arvensis. The average stigmata yield from plastic mulch treatment was 9% higher than of the control, and the number of leaves, leaf area, number, weight, and percentage of daughter corms with large diameter were higher for plants grown under mulch. Overall, the results of this study showed that the use of PE (polyethylene) mulch effectively reduced weed populations and improved saffron yield and vegetative growth.

Design and Fabrication of Cost-Effective Agriculture Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
Veeresha G
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Agricultural Film

Abstract: Mulching has long been used to conserve soil moisture, manage weeds, modify soil temperature, and create a microclimate for plants. There are a variety of strategies for improving crop growing conditions, including increasing productivity and reducing the amount of water necessary to grow the crops. However, mulching paper, also known as agricultural film, is one of the most effective ways to cover the soil and keep the crop in the right environment This mulching paper comes in a varietyof varieties, but because plastic mulching is well-known for requiring less effort, we've chosen to work on an automatic mulching paper laying machine that also includes a drip laying attachment. Moisture in the soil is critical for crop survival in arid environments. Mulching with plastic paper film around theroot area of plants prevents weed growth while also storing water and preventing soil dehydration, however this method takes a lot of money and time. So the 'Mulching paper laying machine with hole punching' will save money and time because it will handle both chores at once, laying mulching paper and punching holes in the ground. A body, a mainframe with hoeing blades, hole punching wheels, drip role holder, and punching mechanism make up the plastic mulch laying machine. The mulch was laid on the prepared plantation bed by the machine in conjunction with the drip pipe. This will lay mulch onthe bed without destroying it, as well as punch the holes to the desired dimensions. The product might be used in agriculture to grow tomatoes, watermelons, muskmelons, and other hybrid varieties of crops. Bylowering the capital cost and time of laying the mulching paper using the most convenient way, as well as installing the drip irrigation pipe in one pass of the machine, it will be simple for the farmer. (Key words: agriculture, mulching paper, weed control)

Evaluation of maize-based intercropping on runoff, soil loss, and yield in foothills of the Indian sub-Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
N.K. Sharma ◽  
Ambrish Kumar ◽  
Monalisha Pramanik ◽  
Harsh Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Summary Soil and nutrients losses due to soil erosion are detrimental to crop production, especially in the hilly terrains. An experiment was carried out in three consecutive cropping seasons (2012–2015) with four treatments: sole maize; sole maize with plastic mulch; maize and cowpea under plastic mulching; and maize and soybean under plastic mulching in randomized block design (RBD) to assess their impact on productivity, profitability, and resource (rainwater, soil, and NPK nutrients) conservation in the Indian sub-Himalayan region. The plot size was 9 × 8.1 m with 2% slope, and runoff and soil loss were measured using a multi-slot devisor. The results showed that mean runoff decreased from 356 mm in sole maize with plastic mulch plots to 229 mm in maize + cowpea intercropping with plastic mulch, representing a reduction of 36% and corresponding soil loss reduction was 41% (from 9.4 to 5.5 t ha−1). The eroded soil exported a considerable amount of nitrogen (N) (13.2–31.4 kg ha−1), phosphorous (P) (0.5–1.7 kg ha−1), and potassium (K) (9.9–15.6 kg ha−1) and was consistently lower in maize + cowpea intercropping. The maize equivalent yield (MEY) was significantly higher in maize + cowpea with plastic mulch intercropping than the other treatments. These results justify the need to adopt maize with alternate legume intercrops and plastic mulch. This strategy must be done in a way guaranteeing high yield stability to the smallholder farmers of the Indian sub-Himalayan region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Black Polyethylene Plastic Mulch for Tomato Production in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
H. Irizarry ◽  
H. Azzam ◽  
R. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Plastic Mulching

An experiment was conducted on February 1959 to evaluate the economic use of black polyethylene mulch paper for tomato production in Puerto Rico. Four treatments and five varieties were used in a randomized block design with four replications. The combined treatments used were de scribed as follow: 1. Mulching, no staking, no weeding; 2. no mulching, no staking, weeding; 3. no mulching, no staking, no weeding; 4. no mulching, staking, weeding. The varieties included in this trial were Rutgers, Platillo, Plamar, and the local breeding lines P.R. 123 and P.R. 126. The results of this study indicate that black polyethylene suppressed all weed growth except for nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L., but its cost per acre when compared with regular weeding remained a limiting factor. A significant decrease in yield was detected in treatment 1 when compared with treatment 4 at the 5-percent level. Plastic mulching apparently did not have any remarkable effect in reducing the incidence of soil fruit rot. Although the experiment was harvested during the rainy season, the total number of rotten fruits was very low and generally uniform among treatments. The fact that the variety X treatment interaction with respect to the weight and number of fruits was not significant, indicated that these varieties did not respond to any particular treatment. However, the Rutgers tomato had the poorest performance of all the varieties included in this trial. Black polyethylene increased soil temperature by 1°F. when compared with bare soil temperature at a depth of 2-4 inches.

PENGARUH POPULASI TANAMAN DAN PENGGUNAAN MULSA TERHADAP POPULASI GULMA DAN HASIL PUCIL JAGUNG MANIS (ZEA MAYS SACCHARATA STURT) DI LAHAN KERING

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
I Ketut Arsa Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Corn Kernel ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study was conducted in Balai Benih Induk (BBI) Luwus, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, with the high of place 506m above sea level occurring in March to May 2014. This research used randomized block design arranged per factor, namely population of plants (P) including three steps: P1=80.000 plants per hectare, P2= 100.00 plants per hectare, P3= 120.000 per hectare; and mulch (M) that include: M0= without mulch and without cleaning, M1= without mulch with clean weeding, M2= rice plants straw mulch (5 ton per hectare) and M3= black silver plastic mulch. Eventually, there were 12 combination treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times to obtain 36 land slots. The research indicates that there was no real interaction between the treatment of plant population and mulch usage in all variables observed. The 100.000 plant population per hectare can produce the weight of dry and fresh oven corn kernel without highest cornhusk that was to say 4.79 tons and 0.53 tons or 11.66 % and 20.45% higher compared to 120.000 plant population per hectare. The use of black silver plastic and rice plants straw mulch can produce the weight of fresh and dry oven corn kernel without cornhusk per hectare each of which is 4.69 tons, 4.57 tons, and 0.54 tons, 0.47 tons or 26.76%, 38.46 %, and 23.51 %, 20.51 % higher than without mulch and without clean weeding. Clean weeding treatment can produce the weight of fresh and dry oven corn kernel without cornhusk per hectare with its weight of 4.63 tons and 0.51 tons or 25.35 % and 35.90 % higher than without mulch and cleaning. Clean weeding treatment was not obviously different from mulch treatment. The identification of weed types were 19 kinds of weeds and Cyperus rotundus L. Weeds. They have the highest density and each absolute frequent of 1249.333 stems m-2 and 1.00.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MEHMOOD ◽  
S.U. KHAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A.R. GURMANI ◽  
W. AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sulfentrazone Alone or in Combination with Other PRE and POST Herbicides for Weed Control in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa)

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Ravneet K. Sandhu ◽  
Laura E. Reuss ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Control Post

Sulfentrazone was recently registered for use in tomato and strawberry in Florida. Field experiments were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center in Wimauma, FL, to evaluate PRE sulfentrazone applications when applied on flat soil 30 days before bed formation (PRE-f), on the bed top immediately before laying plastic mulch (PRE-t), applied PRE-t as a tank mix with other PRE herbicides, or PRE-t followed by POST halosulfuron or rimusulfuron (POST). Sulfentrazone did not damage the tomato and strawberry crop and had no effect on strawberry and tomato fruit yield. It was as effective as the industry standards but none of the evaluated herbicide treatments provided adequate weed control. POST halosulfuron in tomato resulted in significantly greater nutsedge control at 11 (14%) and 13 (27%) weeks after initial treatment (WAIT) compared with other treatments in Fall 2019 and Spring 2020, respectively. However, in tomato, tank-mixing sulfentrazone with S-metolachlor or metribuzin did not enhance nutsedge control. Weed control did not improve with increased rates or with the use of PRE-f followed by (fb) PRE-t applications in tomato. PRE-t sulfentrazone fb POST halosulfuron was an efficient nutsedge management option in tomato. Sulfentrazone alone did not effectively control weeds in tomato or strawberry. Increased rates of sulfentrazone with the use of PRE-f fb PRE-t sulfentrazone applications did reduce (34%) total weed density in strawberry.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Herbicide Programs in Florida Cabbage Production

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Nathan S. Boyd ◽  
Peter J. Dittmar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Herbicide Programs

In Florida, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is typically grown without a plastic mulch and as a result, weeds are a significant problem in most fields. Experiments were conducted from Nov. 2015 to Apr. 2016 in Balm, Citra, and Parrish, FL, to evaluate weed control and ‘Bravo’ cabbage tolerance to multiple herbicide programs applied pretransplanting (PRE-T), posttransplanting (POST-T), PRE-T followed by (fb) a sequential application at 3 weeks after transplanting (WATP), and POST-T fb sequential application at 3 WATP. PRE-T herbicide treatments of 277 g a.i./ha clomazone, 280 g a.i./ha oxyfluorfen, and 798 g a.i./ha pendimethalin and POST-T herbicide treatments of 6715 g a.i./ha dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA) were ineffective, and weed control never exceeded 70% in Balm and provided <50% weed control in Citra and Parrish at 6 and 8 WATP, respectively. POST-T applications of napropamide + S-metolachlor at 2242 + 1770 g a.i./ha, DCPA + S-metolachlor at 6715 + 1170 g a.i./ha, and S-metolachlor POST-T fb clopyralid at 1170 g a.i./ha fb 210 g ae/ha were the most effective herbicide treatments and consistently provided >70% weed control. In addition, results showed that all of the herbicide treatments evaluated except the PRE application of clomazone at 277 g a.i./ha are safe for cabbage with no adverse effect on yield.

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