scholarly journals The Effect of Breeding Habitat Characteristics on the Larval Abundance of Aedes Vector Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Three Localities, Galle District, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
D. S. Dissanayake ◽  
C. D. Wijekoon ◽  
H. C. Wegiriya
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Surveillance Programs

Dengue has become a national burden in Sri Lanka, and the understanding of breeding ecology of vectors, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse, is the most effective way to control the disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relative larval abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in different types and characteristics of containers in three selected localities in Galle district, Sri Lanka. Totally, 550 containers were positive for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae. Aedes albopictus showed the high larval abundance in all studied sites. The larval abundance of artificial containers (90.57%) was high than that of natural containers (9.43%) for both Aedes spp. ( P < 0.05 ). The breeding preference for A. aegypti was high in tires (rubber) (17.82%), while plastic cups (28.00%) were the most preferable container type for Ae. albopictus. Dark color containers than light color containers ( P < 0.05 ) and containers with leaf litter accumulated as detritus ( P < 0.05 ) showed high relative larval abundance for both Aedes species. Containers with 50–100 ml volume of water showed the highest relative abundance of both Ae. aegypti (29.28%) and Ae. albopictus (41.79%) ( P > 0.05 ). The high larval abundance of Aedes recorded in ground level containers (1–5 cm) and their abundance decreased significantly with the increasing of height where containers were found (1–20 cm) ( P < 0.05 ). The significantly high relative abundance was observed with the increase of the shady level for Ae. aegypti (57.34%) and Ae. albopictus (61.32%) ( P < 0.05 ). This knowledge will be helpfull to implement dengue surveillance programs in the area.

scholarly journals Larval breeding habitats and ecological factors influence the species composition of mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) in the parks of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Sultana ◽  
Sharmin Hasan ◽  
Mosharraf Hossain ◽  
Abdul Alim ◽  
Mohammad Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Tree Hole ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Tree Holes

Mosquito larval ecology is prerequisite for determining the larval abundance and species assemblage in mosquito control program. The study explored the association of five mosquito species with their breeding habitat diversity and species distribution in three selected parks from May to October, 2015. A total of 3217 mosquito larvae were reported from six breeding habitats, namely tree hole, leaf axils, water bottle, tire, drain and coconut shell. The frequency of the three species (Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus) coexistence was higher in tree holes (82.4%) than that of the other coexisting species. Pearson Chi-square result revealed that the association of species was significantly dependent on the breeding habitats. ANOVA further suggested that mosquito density varied across habitats where among the highest density of Cx. quinquefasciatus (3.87 ± 0.22) found in drain, followed by both Ae. albopictus (2.02 ± 0.17) and Ar. subalbatus (0.50 ± 0.09) in tree holes and Ae. aegypti (1.25 ± 0.23) in coconut shell. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in drain with the least observed density (0.03 ± 0.01). CCA results suggested that Aedes species were likely preferred to oviposit in shaded habitats where pH was associated with Ae. albopictus and dissolved oxygen was with Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus. Culex species were positively associated with the habitats characterizing muddy bottom and emerging vegetation but not with any of the physico-chemical parameters. These findings concluded that ecological factors influence mosquito species to favor their breeding habitats can be helpful in controlling targeted vector species as well as the mosquito borne diseases.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 111-122, 2017

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis on Abundance, Distribution, and Bionomics of Potential Malaria Vectors in Mannar District of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nayana Gunathilaka ◽  
Menaka Hapugoda ◽  
Rajitha Wickremasinghe ◽  
Wimaladharma Abeyewickreme
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Lagoon Water ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Mean

Background. A detailed knowledge of the distribution of the malaria vectors in Mannar district of Sri Lanka has not been studied after 1927. Past records indicated the presence of only seven species of anophelines, namely, An. culicifacies, An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. peditaeniatus, An. nigerrimus, An. Jamesii, and An. maculatus. There have been many changes in terms of distribution of Anopheles in the district over time. Methods. Entomological surveillance was conducted on a monthly basis, comprising indoor hand collection, window trap collection, cattle-baited net collection, cattle-baited hut collection, and larval survey from June 2010 to June 2012 in 12 study areas under three entomological sentinel sites. The relationship between seven abiotic variables of the breeding habitats was measured. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the associations between climatic variables and anopheline densities. Results. A total of 74,181 mosquitoes belonging to 14 Anopheles species were recorded. An. subpictus was the most predominant species from all techniques representing 92% (n=68,268) of the total anopheline collection. However, Anopheles culicifacies was not recorded from any site during the study period. Larval surveys identified 12 breeding habitat categories including waste water collections, lagoon water collections, and drains which were not recorded as breeding habitats by previous studies. The mean dissolved oxygen level of waste water collections was 3.45±0.15 mg/l. The mean salinity and conductivity of lagoon water collections were 21105±1344 mg/l and 34734±1974 μs/cm, respectively. Conclusion. The present study provides the updated knowledge on anopheline distribution and vector bionomics. Therefore, documentation of the current knowledge would be useful for learners and health authorities to design appropriate vector control measures in the prevention of reintroduction of malaria.

scholarly journals Do Some Northern Goshawk Nest Areas Consistently Fledge More Young Than Others?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Erica L. McClaren ◽  
Patricia L. Kennedy ◽  
Sarah R. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Accipiter Gentilis ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Northern Goshawk ◽  
Jemez Mountains

Abstract In long-lived raptors, research suggests that some nest areas consistently fledge more young than others, with the majority of young in the population being produced by a few females. If this claim were true for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) populations, it would benefit land managers to identify high-quality goshawk breeding habitat. We examined whether the number of young fledged varied spatially among Northern Goshawk nest areas within three study areas where long-term reproductive data from goshawks were available: (1) Vancouver Island, British Columbia; (2) Jemez Mountains, New Mexico; and (3) Uinta Mountains, Utah. A mixed-model ANOVA indicated there was minimal spatial variation in nest productivity among nest areas within the three study locations. Rather, nest areas exhibited high temporal variability in nest productivity within each study area. These results suggest that temporal patterns such as local weather and fluctuating prey populations influenced Northern Goshawk reproduction more than spatial patterns such as habitat characteristics. Nest productivity may inadequately reflect spatial patterns in goshawk reproduction and so it would be premature to assume that habitat quality for Northern Goshawks was equal among nest areas within these study areas. Future research should examine spatial variability among nest areas in adult and juvenile survival rates to gain a complete picture of population responses to habitat change. ¿Se Producen Consistentemente Más Volantones de Accipiter gentilis en Algunos Sitios de Anidación que en Otros? Resumen. Investigaciones en aves rapaces longevas sugieren que consistentemente más polluelos empluman en algunos sitios de anidación que en otros y que la mayoría de los juveniles en la población son producidos por unas pocas hembras. Si esto fuera cierto para poblaciones de Accipiter gentilis, ayudaría a las autoridades ambientales a identificar hábitat reproductivo de alta calidad para la especie. Evaluamos si el número de polluelos emplumados varió espacialmente entre sitios de anidación de A. gentilis dentro de tres áreas de estudio para las cuales había datos reproductivos de largo plazo disponibles: (1) Vancouver Island, British Columbia; (2) Jemez Mountains, New Mexico; y (3) Uinta Mountains, Utah. Un modelo mixto de análisis de varianza indicó que la variación espacial en la productividad de los nidos entre sitios de anidación dentro de las tres áreas de estudio fue mínima. En cambio, los sitios de anidación presentaron una alta variabilidad temporal en la productividad de los nidos dentro de cada área de estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que los patrones temporales como el clima y las fluctuaciones de las poblaciones de presas influencian la reproducción de A. gentilis más que los patrones espaciales como las características del hábitat. La productividad de los nidos puede reflejar inadecuadamente los patrones espaciales de la reproducción de A. gentilis, de modo que sería prematuro suponer que la calidad de hábitat fue igual entre los sitios de anidación dentro de las áreas de estudio. Para tener una perspectiva completa de la respuesta de las poblaciones a cambios en el ambiente, investigaciones futuras deberían examinar la variabilidad espacial entre sitios de anidación en las tasas de supervivencia de aves adultas y juveniles.

Habitat use by Harlequin Ducks breeding in Hebron Fiord, Labrador

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
North American Population ◽  
American Population ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
Harlequin Ducks

Understanding of breeding habitat requirements is vital to recovery plans for the endangered eastern North American population of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus). I compared habitat characteristics and benthic invertebrate fauna between streams in Hebron Fiord, Labrador, used and unused by Harlequin Ducks in 1996. Used streams were narrower, had higher pH and temperature, a larger substrate, steeper shorelines, and greater vegetation cover on islands and shorelines than unused streams. Greater numbers of invertebrates were recovered from kick samples, simuliid larvae and plecopteran nymphs were more frequent, and chironomid larvae and emphemeropteran nymphs were less frequent in used than in unused streams. Results from this study will help focus future survey and conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Habitat characteristics with an. barbirostris larva density in Bulukumba

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 06019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Bulukumba is a malaria endemic area in South Sulawesi with malaria cases reported annually, An.barbirostris as a potential vector of malaria in the area. This study aims to analyze habitat characteristics with a density of An. barbirostris larvae The method used is an observational study with ecological survey design through the cross-sectional approach of samples in the form of Anopheles larvae habitat. Bivariate analysis shows physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. water temperature significant to the density of larva An.barbirostris with p-value = 0,002. Multivariate test using linear regression to know the most influential variables, it is known that the variables that have the most influence on the density of larvae An. barbirostris in endemic area Bulukumba is water temperature p = 0,002. Environmental factors such as salinity, aquatic plant, plants around, predators and crops along with water temperature are factors that support the density of An. barbirostris larvae Control can be done with environmental management, especially interventions on Anopheles sp larvae breeding habitat, by sowing predator fish seeds, habitat modification and manipulation. modification of anopheles habitat by covering habitats and carrying out development can reduce larval nutrition so as to reduce carbon in the soil which results in a decrease in larval density.

scholarly journals Coevolutionary Interactions Between Common Cuckoos and Corn Buntings

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Antonov ◽  
Bård G. Stokke ◽  
Arne Moksnes ◽  
Eivin RØskaft
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Egg Discrimination ◽  
Old World ◽  
Corn Bunting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
Reed Bunting

Abstract Although Old World buntings (Emberizinae) may be considered suitable Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) hosts, there is at present no evidence that any of the European species are regularly parasitized. Most historical parasitism records refer to the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and Reed Bunting (E. schoeniclus). Both of these species reject almost 100% of experimentally added nonmimetic eggs, and also a considerable proportion of experimentally added conspecific eggs, showing exquisite egg discrimination abilities. In this paper, we report Common Cuckoo parasitism and egg rejection behavior in a Bulgarian population of another Old World Emberizinae, the Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra). We found this species was regularly parasitized (9%, 8 of 90 nests) and that the parasitism rate was consistent among the three years of our study. Naturally laid Common Cuckoo eggs were fairly good mimics of host eggs and most were accepted (5 of 7). The Corn Bunting proved to be a suitable Common Cuckoo host as we recorded a successfully fledged cuckoo chick. Unlike Yellowhammers and Reed Buntings, Corn Buntings rejected only 42% (16 of 38) of experimentally introduced nonmimetic model Common Cuckoo eggs and none of the experimentally introduced conspecific eggs (n  =  13). Parasitized nests had more and higher trees in the vicinity than unparasitized nests and breeding habitat characteristics may explain the difference in egg discrimination abilities between Corn Buntings and other Old World Emberizinae.

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