scholarly journals Germplasm Bred for Resistance to Striga hermonthica Exhibited High Resistance Levels to Striga asiatica Compared to Commercial Checks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Vimbayi Dhliwayo ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Cacious Stanford Nyakurwa ◽  
Stanford Mabasa ◽  
Arnold Bray Mashingaidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Striga Asiatica ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Zimbabwe

Parasitic weeds belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are a menace in Sub-Saharan African (SSA). Specifically, the two witchweeds from the genus Striga, S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, are jointly responsible for land abandonments and cereal yield reductions in the SSA. Factorial experiments involving fourteen maize genotypes and two levels of Striga asiatica infestation (infested and noninfested) were conducted under pot and laboratory experiments at the Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, during the 2014/2015 season. A 14 × 2 factorial pot experiment was arranged in a 7 × 4 α-lattice design replicated four times, whereas the laboratory agar gel was arranged in a complete randomized design with four replications. Results revealed significant differences ( p  < 0.05) for S. asiatica and genotype main effects for the recorded traits. S. asiatica-infested genotypes had lower biomasses than noninfested ones. However, the University of Zimbabwe bred hybrids such as Ax31, Ax28, Ax7, and Ax32 had similar plant heights and stem, leaf, and cob biomass across the two Striga levels unlike the local checks, particularly SC513, SC537, and SC637, under Striga infestation. Moreover, these genotypes also had the least Striga germination percentage and furthest germination distance indicating that they are resistant/tolerant to Striga asiatica. The University of Zimbabwe bred hybrids, using Striga hermonthica resistance from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, exhibited resistance/tolerance to Striga asiatica compared to local checks. Therefore, these varieties could offer a better and viable Striga spp. control option to farmers in both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica endemic areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming on Early Development of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hussien M. Daffalla ◽  
Mohammed Mahgoub Hassan ◽  
Magdoleen G. Osman ◽  
Amani Hamad Eltayeb ◽  
Yassin Ibrahim Dagash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Germination Traits

Striga hermonthica is an obligate, root parasite, that limits cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. Successful control depends on eliminating its seed reserves in soil, thereby preventing parasitism. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity on germination traits and seedling growth of sorghum (cultivar Wad Ahmed) and S. hermonthica. The experiments were conducted in a factorial arrangement on the basis of completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 replications. In the first experiment, sorghum height, leaf area, and shoot and root dry weights were examined. The results displayed that, with increasing salinity level, leaf area and dry biomass were increased, while the height was decreased. In the second experiment, Striga germination and haustorium initiation percentages were examined. Among all salts, C2H4O2·NH3 inhibited Striga germination (0–15%) during conditioning or (0–25%) at germination compared to the control (75%). However, salt MgSO4·7H2O improved germination during conditioning up to 70%, while during germination CH3COONa·3H2O recorded 65% germination. Regarding haustoria initiation, results showed that C2H4O2·NH3 at all concentrations inhibits haustorium formation by 100%, while CH3COONa·3H2O at 10 µM improved haustorium formation up to 64% but still below the control (70%). Osmotic potential may significantly affect germination and radicle elongation of the parasitic weed.

Developing high-yielding Striga-resistant maize in sub-Saharan Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (030) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baffour Badu-Apraku
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Striga hermonthica is a major stress of maize in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), in collaboration with national scientists, have used team approach to investigate how best to solve the problem. Emphasis was on (i) establishing a reliable infestation technique for selecting resistant/tolerant genotypes, (ii) availability of appropriate germplasm and good sources of Striga resistance, (iii) use of appropriate breeding methods for incorporating resistance genes into adapted germplasm, and (iv) extensive multilocational evaluation to identify genotypes with stable performance. Host plant resistance, with additive-dominance model, has been the major control option for S. hermonthica infestation on maize. Recurrent selection, followed by hybridization of inbred lines developed from its products, have been used to identify high-yielding, stable hybrids for commercialization in SSA. In a study involving early-maturing tropical maize inbred lines, 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers significantly associated with grain yield, Striga damage, ears per plant, and ear aspect under Striga infestation were detected. In a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping study involving extra-early white BC1S1 families obtained from TZEEI 29 (Striga-resistant) and TZEEI 23 (Striga susceptible) inbreds, 14 QTLs were identified for Striga resistance/tolerance traits. In a second QTL study involving the extra-early yellow F2:3 families derived from the Striga-resistant parent (TZEEI 79) and the susceptible parent (TZdEEI 11), 12 QTL were identified for 4 Striga resistance/tolerance traits. QTL identified in the studies would be invaluable for rapid introgression of Striga resistance genes into maize genotypes using marker-assisted selection approaches after validation of QTL in inbreds.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konsentrasi larutan urin sapi sebagai media penyiraman dan pupuk organik terhadap persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal dan produksi hijauan segar pada hidroponik Fodder jagung (zea mays)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Tri Ida Wahyu Kustyorini ◽  
Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih ◽  
Dimas Zulfikar Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Watering Treatment

ABSTRAK  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi larutan urin sapi yang berbeda terhadap persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal dan produksi hijauan segar pada hidroponik fodder jagung (Zea mays). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jagung kuning sebanyak 6.250 biji, urin dan air. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah percobaan lapang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang di gunakan adalah P0 (100ml air), P1 (5%  urin), P2 (10% urin), P3 (15% urin), P4 (20% urin). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal dan produksi hijauan segar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA), apabila terdapat perbedaan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas fodder jagung (Zea mays) dengan perlakuan penyiraman menngunakan konsentrasi larutan urin sapi yang berbeda memberi pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal dan produksi hijauan segar. Persentase perkecambahan tertinggi pada P1 (70,48%), persentase kecambah normal tertinggi P1 (94,63%) dan produksi hijauan segar tertinggi pada P1 (138 gram). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrasi larutan urin 5% sebagai media penyiraman dan pupuk organik memberikan nilai terbaik terhadap persentase perkecambahan, persentase kecambah normal dan hijauan segar pada hidroponik fodder jagung (Zea mays).   ABSTRACT  The aim of this research were to know of the effect of different concentrations of cow urine solution on the effect of urine cow solution concentration for watering media and organic fertilizer on percentage of gemination, percentage normal germination and plant production on corn fodder (Zea mays) with a hydroponic system of corn fodder (zea mays) with hydroponic systems. The material of this research were corn, urine and water. The method used was experimental field using Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with 5 treatmens and 5 replications. The treatment used is P0 (0% urine solution), P1 (5% urine solution), P2 (10% urine solution), P3 (15% urine solution), P3 (20% urine solution). The variables observed in this study were Percentage of Germination, Percentage of Normal Germination and Plant Production. Based on the results of the study, it shown that watering treatment using different concentrations of cow solution had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on germination percentage, normal germination percentage and plant production. The highest percentage of germination was P1 (70.48%), the highest percentage of normal germination was P1 (94.63%) and the highest plant production was P1 (138 grams). Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the treatment by giving 5% urine cow solution concentration for watering media and organic give the best value to fertilizer on percentage of gemination, percentage normal germination and plant production on corn fodder (Zea mays) with a hydroponic system.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid as a mitigator of water stress in black oats seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Stela Alves Oliveira ◽  
Angelo Matheus Santos ◽  
Sonivaldo Ruzzene Beltrame ◽  
João Paulo Francisco ◽  
Ana Daniela Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Glycol Solution ◽  
The University

Oats are a very popular grass used in crop rotation to provide organic matter, green mass and assist in the natural aeration of the soil. Agronomic factors such as acidity correction and soil fertility adjustments can be controlled, but when it comes to climatic factors, cultivation depends on favorable climate conditions for good plant development. For instance, low rainfall occurrences result in decreased percentage of germination and plant development. Water stress affects plant development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid as a water stress mitigator on black oats. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Products and Microorganisms of the University of Parana. Black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) seeds were submitted to different imbibition treatments: without imbibition, soaked in distilled water, and soaked in salicylic acid. Then, they were placed in gerbox boxes previously moistened with 6000 polyethylene glycol solution with different osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.2; -0.4; -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Ten days after the experiment, the following parameters were evaluated: germination percentage, germination velocity index, shoot length and radicle length. Salicylic acid at the concentration used in this study promotes a mitigating effect of water stress caused by PEG6000, increasing the germination percentage of black oat seeds.

Pengaruh frekuensi penyiraman benih terhadap produktivitas fodder jagung ( zea mays) dengan sistem hidroponik

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Tri Ida Wahyu Kustyorini ◽  
Permata Ika Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui frekuensi penyiraman benih terhadap produktivitas jagung fooder (Zea mays) dengan sistem hidroponik. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah jagung dan air. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental lapang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAK) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P1 (1 kali penyiraman / hari), P2 (2 kali penyiraman / hari) dan P3 (3 kali penyiraman / hari). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Persentase Perkecambahan, Persentase Kecambahan Normal, Produksi Hijauan Segar, Produksi Bahan Kering, Produksi Bahan Organik, Produksi Protein Kasar dan Produksi Serat Mentah. Analisis data ini dikerjakan dengan menggunakan alat bantu yaitu program  SPSS for Windows 16.0. Apabila setiap perlakuan terdapat pengaruh makan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas pakan jagung dengan berbagai perlakuan penyiraman memberikan efek yang sangat nyata (P <0,01) pada persentase perkecambahan, perkecambahan normal, produksi hijauan segar, produksi bahan kering, produksi bahan organik, produksi protein kasar dan produksi serat kasar. Persentase perkecambahan tertinggi pada perlakuan P3 (95,80%), persentase kecambah normal tertinggi pada P2 (94,63%), produksi hijauan segar tanaman tertinggi pada P3 (420,80 gram), produksi bahan kering tertinggi pada P3 (364,82 gram), produksi bahan organik tertinggi pada P3 (357,68 gram), produksi protein kasar pada P3 (66,51 gram) dan produksi serat kasar pada P3 (82,74 gram). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah benih penyiraman sebanyak 3 kali / hari memberikan produktivitas pakan jagung tertinggi (Zea mays) dengan sistem hidropinik.     Abstract The aim of this research were to know of seed watering frequeney to productivity of corn fooder (Zea mies) by hidropinic system. The material of this research were corn and water. The method used was experimental field using Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment used is P1 (1 time watering / day), P2 (2 times watering / day) and P3 (3 times watering / day). The variables observed in this study were. Percentage of germination, percentage of  normal germination, flant production, dry material production, organic matter  production, crude protein production and gude fiber production. Based on the results of the research shown that the productivity of corn feed with various watering treatments gives a very real effect (P <0.01) on the percentage of germination, normal germination, plant production, DM production, OM production, CD production and CF production. The highest percentage of germination on treatment P3 (95.80%), highest percentage of  normal germination on P2 (94.63%), highest plant fresh production on P3 (420.80 gram), highest dry matler production on  P3 (364.82 gram), highest OM production on P3 (357.68 gram), CD production  on P3 (66,51 gram) and CF production on P3 (82,74 gram). The conduded of this research were seed watering frequeney 3 times/day gave highest productivity of corn fodder (Zea mies) by hidropinic system.

Land Crisis in Zimbabwe

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
James Cox
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Religion ◽  
University Development ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Small Grant ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
Spirit World ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Zimbabwe

Earlier this year, I received a small grant from the Edinburgh University Development Trust Fund to determine the feasibility of formulating a major research project exploring the religious dimensions within the recent land resettlement programme in Zimbabwe. Since spirit mediums had played such an important role in the first Shona uprising in 1896–97 against colonial occu¬pation (the so-called First Chimurenga) (Parsons, 1985: 50-51) and again in the war of liberation between 1972 and 1979 (the Second Chimurenga) (Lan, 1985), I suspected that these central points of contact between the spirit world and the living communities would be affecting the sometimes militant invasions of white commercial farms that began sporadically in 1998, but became systematic after the constitutional referendum of February 2000. Under the terms of the grant, I went with my colleague, Tabona Shoko of the University of Zimbabwe, in July and August 2004, to two regions of Zimbabwe: Mount Darwin in the northeast, where recent activities by war veterans and spirit mediums had been reported, and to the Mberengwa District, where land resettlement programmes have been widespread. This article reports on my preliminary findings in Mount Darwin, where I sought to determine if evidence could be found to link the role of Traditional Religion, particularly through spirit mediums, to the current land redistribution programme, and, if so, whether increasing levels of political intolerance within Zimbabwean society could be blamed, in part at least, on these customary beliefs and practices

INTERVIEW WITH PETINA GAPPAH

Imbizo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Faith Mkwesha
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
First Language ◽  
Short Story Collection ◽  
The Third ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Book Award ◽  
The University ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
University Of Zimbabwe

This interview was conducted on 16 May 2009 at Le Quartier Francais in Franschhoek, Cape Town, South Africa. Petina Gappah is the third generation of Zimbabwean writers writing from the diaspora. She was born in 1971 in Zambia, and grew up in Zimbabwe during the transitional moment from colonial Rhodesia to independence. She has law degrees from the University of Zimbabwe, the University of Cambridge, and the University of Graz. She writes in English and also draws on Shona, her first language. She has published a short story collection An Elegy for Easterly (2009), first novel The Book of Memory (2015), and another collection of short stories, Rotten Row (2016).  Gappah’s collection of short stories An Elegy for Easterly (2009) was awarded The Guardian First Book Award in 2009, and was shortlisted for the Frank O’Connor International Short Story Award, the richest prize for the short story form. Gappah was working on her novel The Book of Memory at the time of this interview.

Hope and Positive Development in the Third Decade of Life. A Theoretical Perspective on Tertiary Education Students in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Azalea
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Education Students ◽  
The Third ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Transition Into Adulthood ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University

University is relatively considered a stressful moment in the life of students due to numerous academic workloads and academic activities. The situation is further aggravated by the fact that some university students are in emerging adulthood, a developmental period which is psychologically fraught with uncertainty, instability and identity issues among others. Added to these, the context of most universities like Cameroon which is marred with political, economic and social turbulence common to other developing societies in the sub Saharan region makes life unbearable. Looking at the challenges that confront tertiary education students in the third decade of life, increases possibilities of fears that they will founder thus narrowing the route to a blossomed transition into adulthood and through the university from home into the world of work. However, observations reveal that some have remained hopeful as they continuously believe in themselves and their worth. As such, they have resiliently shrugged off the vast burden placed on them by the adult society as they struggle intentionally with continuous efforts to succeed. Being hopeful and self-efficacy beliefs are observed to be some of the effective drivers that pull emerging adults through the storms of university transition thus facilitating positive development into subsequent life stages. Unfortunately just a paucity of literature albeit theoretically actually narrates via scholarly corridors the monumental successes recorded by students as they sail flourishingly through university in the midst of storms an in the third decade of life. This paper examines and addresses the foregoing through the lenses of some theories.

scholarly journals The BabySaver: Design of a New Device for Neonatal Resuscitation at Birth with Intact Placental Circulation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
James Ditai ◽  
Aisling Barry ◽  
Kathy Burgoine ◽  
Anthony K. Mbonye ◽  
Julius N. Wandabwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendants ◽  
New Device ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

The initial bedside care of premature babies with an intact cord has been shown to reduce mortality; there is evidence that resuscitation of term babies with an intact cord may also improve outcomes. This process has been facilitated by the development of bedside resuscitation surfaces. These new devices are unaffordable, however, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where 42% of the world’s 2.4 million annual newborn deaths occur. This paper describes the rationale and design of BabySaver, an innovative low-cost mobile resuscitation unit, which was developed iteratively over five years in a collaboration between the Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI) in Uganda and the University of Liverpool in the UK. The final BabySaver design comprises two compartments; a tray to provide a firm resuscitation surface, and a base to store resuscitation equipment. The design was formed while considering contextual factors, using the views of individual women from the community served by the local hospitals, medical staff, and skilled birth attendants in both Uganda and the UK.

scholarly journals Development and launch of the first obstetrics and gynaecology master of medicine residency training programme in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Luckett ◽  
M. Nassali ◽  
T. Melese ◽  
B. Moreri-Ntshabele ◽  
T. Moloi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Subspecialty Training ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Curricular Development ◽  
Apprenticeship Training ◽  
University Of Botswana ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces a severe shortage of Obstetrician Gynaecologists (OBGYNs). While the Lancet Commission for Global Surgery recommends 20 OBGYNs per 100,000 population, Botswana has only 40 OBGYNs for a population of 2.3 million. We describe the development of the first OBGYN Master of Medicine (MMed) training programme in Botswana to address this human resource shortage. Methods We developed a 4-year OBGYN MMed programme at the University of Botswana (UB) using the Kern’s approach. In-line with UB MMed standards, the programme includes clinical apprenticeship training complemented by didactic and research requirements. We benchmarked curriculum content, learning outcomes, competencies, assessment strategies and research requirements with regional and international programmes. We engaged relevant local stakeholders and developed international collaborations to support in-country subspecialty training. Results The OBGYN MMed curriculum was completed and approved by all relevant UB bodies within ten months during which time additional staff were recruited and programme financing was assured. The programme was advertised immediately; 26 candidates applied for four positions, and all selected candidates accepted. The programme was launched in January 2020 with government salary support of all residents. The clinical rotations and curricular development have been rolled out successfully. The first round of continuous assessment of residents was performed and internal programme evaluation was conducted. The national accreditation process was initiated. Conclusion Training OBGYNs in-country has many benefits to health systems in SSA. Curricula can be adjusted to local resource context yet achieve international standards through thoughtful design and purposeful collaborations.

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