Abstract 1139: Extracellular matrix components direct chromatin texture and nuclear morphological changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Author(s):  
James E. Verdone ◽  
Robert W. Veltri ◽  
Steven M. Mooney ◽  
James R. Hernandez ◽  
Calvin A. Harberg ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
S.A. Borzenok ◽  
V.D. Zakharov ◽  
A.V. Miridonova ◽  
A. Kupriyanova ◽  
S.V. Kolesnik ◽  
...  

Эпителиально-мезенхимальная трансформация (ЭМТ) может лежать в основе перестройки дифференцированных клеток при репарации тканей и формировании фиброза. В основе патогенеза идиопатического эпиретинального фиброза (иЭРФ) могут также быть задействованы процессы дифференцировки и трансформации различных типов клеток. Цель исследования - выявление признаков мезенхимального фенотипа в клетках эпиретинальных мембран удаленных с поверхности сетчатки у пациентов с иЭРФ и различной остротой зрения. Методика. В исследование включено 60 пациентов (60 глаз) с диагнозом иЭРФ. Все пациенты были разделены на 3 группы по 20 пациентов в каждой, в зависимости от исходной максимально корригированной остроты зрения (МКОЗ): 1- я группа имела МКОЗ 0,9 -0,7 н/к; 2-я - 0,6-0,3 н/к; 3-я - от 0,2 до 0,05. У всех пациентов удаляли эпиретинальную и внутреннюю пограничную мембраны (ЭРМ и ВПМ). ЭРМ и ВПМ удаляли послойно или единым блоком. Проводили иммуногистохимическое окрашивание образцов мембран, с целью выявления и визуализации следующих антигенов: виментина, α-гладкомышечного актиа (α-SMА), и коллагенов IV и VI типов. Результаты. У пациентов 1-й группы во всех случаях ЭРМ удалялись отдельно от ВПМ. В образцах выявлялись единичные клетки экспрессирующие виментин, α-SMA, коллагены IV и VI типов. У пациентов 2-й группы в 16 случаях (80%) ЭРМ с поверхности сетчатки удалялись единым блоком с ВПМ. В образцах выявлено увеличение числа клеток экспрессирующих α-SMА и виментин, при этом имело место статистически значимое увеличение экспрессии коллагенов IV и VI типов. Во всех образцах 3-й группы ЭРМ и ВПМ в 100% случаях удалялись с поверхности сетчатки единым блоком. В 17 (85%) случаях мембраны имели один или несколько участков сращения с сетчаткой, в клетках превалировала экспрессия коллагенов VI и VI типов. Маркеры виментин, α-SMA, коллагены VI и VI типов обнаруживали статистически значимую корреляционную связь с МКОЗ до операции. Причем, виментин имел сильную обратную корреляционную связь (r=-0,788, p=0,004), факторы α-SMA и коллагены IV, VI типов - очень сильную обратную корреляционную связь (r<-0,9, p<0,001). Заключение. На примере прогрессирования идиопатического эпиретинального фиброза выявлена ЭМТ мембран. Данный феномен характеризуется приобретением клетками мембраны мезенхимального фенотипа: появлением экспрессии виментина и α-SM актина а также и приобретением способности к продуцированию компонентов внеклеточного матрикса (коллагены IV и VI типов). Ключевым моментом в процессе формирования и прогрессирования ЭРФ является трансформация клеточного состава в миофибробластоподобные клетки. Повышенная экспрессия α-SM актина непосредственно связана с сокращением мембраны и «натяжением» сетчатки миофибробластами, что в свою очередь приводит к прогрессирующему снижению остроты зрения и увеличению метаморфопсий у пациентов (r<-0,9, p<0,001).Epithelial-mesenchymal transition may underlie reorganization of mature differentiated cells and tissues during their repair and fibrosis. The pathogenesis of idiopathic epiretinal fibrosis may also involve processes of differentiation and transformation of different cell types. Aim. To identify signs of the mesenchymal phenotype in cells of idiopathic epiretinal membranes removed from the surface of the retina in patients with different visual acuity. Methods. Sixty eyes of 60 patients with idiopathic epiretinal fibrosis were divided into three groups: Group 1 included patients with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.7-0.9; group 2 consisted of patients with BCVA 0.3-0.6; and group 3 consisted of patients with BCVA 0.1-0.3. In all patients, the internal limiting membrane (ILM) was peeled for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IERM). Idiopathic ERM/ILM samples from vitrectomy were analyzed for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and type IV and VI collagens using flat-mount immunohistochemistry. Results. In patients of group 1, single cells expressing vimentin, α-SMA, and type VI and VI collagens were found. In patients of group 2, the number of cells expressing α-SMA and vimentin was increased with a statistically significant increase in the expression of type IV and VI collagens (p <0.05). Type VI and IV collagens prevailed (p <0.05) in all samples of group 3. Sometimes membranes had sites of rough fusion with extracellular matrix components. These membranes strongly adhered to ILM and were removed as a single block during vitrectomy. Conclusion. Using the example of progressive idiopathic epiretinal fibrosis this study found the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This phenomenon was characterized by membrane cells that have acquired the mesenchymal phenotype due to appearance of vimentin and α-SM actin expression (p <0.05) as well as the ability to produce components of extracellular matrix (type IV and VI collagens) (p <0.05). The key point in the process of ERM formation and progression was the transformation of the cellular composition into myofibroblast-like cells. The increased expression of α-SM actin was associated with membrane contraction and tensioning of the retina by myofibroblasts, which resulted in impaired visual acuity and increased metamorphopsia (r <-0.9, p <0.001).


Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Katharina Amschler ◽  
Michael P. Schön

Cancer comprises a large group of complex diseases which arise from the misrouted interplay of mutated cells with other cells and the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic structure providing biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate tumor cell behavior. While the relevance of biochemical signals has been appreciated, the complex input of biophysical properties like the variation of ligand density and distribution is a relatively new field in cancer research. Nanotechnology has become a very promising tool to mimic the physiological dimension of biophysical signals and their positive (i.e., growth-promoting) and negative (i.e., anti-tumoral or cytotoxic) effects on cellular functions. Here, we review tumor-associated cellular functions such as proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and phenotype switch that are regulated by biophysical parameters such as ligand density or substrate elasticity. We also address the question of how such factors exert inhibitory or even toxic effects upon tumor cells. We describe three principles of nanostructured model systems based on block copolymer nanolithography, electron beam lithography, and DNA origami that have contributed to our understanding of how biophysical signals direct cancer cell fate.


2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3397-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M. Fournier ◽  
Louie Lamorte ◽  
Christiane R. Maroun ◽  
Mark Lupher ◽  
Hamid Band ◽  
...  

Dispersal of epithelial cells is an important aspect of tumorigenesis, and invasion. Factors such as hepatocyte growth factor induce the breakdown of cell junctions and promote cell spreading and the dispersal of colonies of epithelial cells, providing a model system to investigate the biochemical signals that regulate these events. Multiple signaling proteins are phosphorylated in epithelial cells during hepatocyte growth factor–induced cell dispersal, including c-Cbl, a protooncogene docking protein with ubiquitin ligase activity. We have examined the role of c-Cbl and a transforming variant (70z-Cbl) in epithelial cell dispersal. We show that the expression of 70z-Cbl in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells resulted in the breakdown of cell–cell contacts and alterations in cell morphology characteristic of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Structure–function studies revealed that the amino-terminal portion of c-Cbl, which corresponds to the Cbl phosphotyrosine-binding/Src homology domain 2 , is sufficient to promote the morphological changes in cell shape. Moreover, a point mutation at Gly-306 abrogates the ability of the Cbl Src homology domain 2 to induce these morphological changes. Our results identify a role for Cbl in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, including loss of adherens junctions, cell spreading, and the initiation of cell dispersal.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Wu ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Peng Xiao ◽  
Mitchell Kuss ◽  
Jung Yul Lim ◽  
...  

AbstractHeart valve disease is a common manifestation of cardiovascular disease and is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pulmonary valve (PV) is of primary concern because of its involvement in common congenital heart defects, and the PV is usually the site for prosthetic replacement following a Ross operation. Although effects of age on valve matrix components and mechanical properties for aortic and mitral valves have been studied, very little is known about the age-related alterations that occur in the PV. In this study, we isolated PV leaflets from porcine hearts in different age groups (~ 4–6 months, denoted as young versus ~ 2 years, denoted as adult) and studied the effects of age on PV leaflet thickness, extracellular matrix components, and mechanical properties. We also conducted proteomics and RNA sequencing to investigate the global changes of PV leaflets and passage zero PV interstitial cells in their protein and gene levels. We found that the size, thickness, elastic modulus, and ultimate stress in both the radial and circumferential directions and the collagen of PV leaflets increased from young to adult age, while the ultimate strain and amount of glycosaminoglycans decreased when age increased. Young and adult PV had both similar and distinct protein and gene expression patterns that are related to their inherent physiological properties. These findings are important for us to better understand the physiological microenvironments of PV leaflet and valve cells for correctively engineering age-specific heart valve tissues.


2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall ◽  
Maricris Esguerra ◽  
Gisela Helenius ◽  
Rigmor Söderberg ◽  
Bengt R. Johansson ◽  
...  

Soft Matter ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (38) ◽  
pp. 7648-7655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lee ◽  
Katelyn Tran ◽  
Gan Zhou ◽  
Asheesh Bedi ◽  
Namdev B. Shelke ◽  
...  

A biphasic micro and nanostructured scaffold with hydroxyapatite and extracellular matrix components was created for the regeneration of osteochondral tissue. Material cues of the biphasic scaffold supported differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in both osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document