Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the main causes of cancer death. The tumor microenvironment has a profound effect on inducing tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a protein that is usually expressed in fibroblasts, such as cancer-associated
fibroblasts, which are major components of the tumor microenvironment. However, the role of FAP in GC progression and treatment is still unknown. In this study, we explored these problems based on GC patient samples and experimental models. We found that high FAP expression was an independent
prognosticator of poor survival in GC patients. FAP+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted the survival, proliferation, and migration of GC cell lines in vitro. Moreover, they also induced drug resistance of the GC cell lines and inhibited the antitumor functions of T cells
in the GC tumor microenvironment. More importantly, we found that targeting FAP+ CAFs substantially enhanced the antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockades in GC xenograft models. This evidence highly suggested that FAP is a potential prognosticator of GC patients and a target
for synergizing with other treatments, especially immune checkpoint blockades in GC.
Photoimmunotherapy for cancer-associated fibroblasts targeting fibroblast activation protein in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
