Abstract PO-154: Establishing the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and identifying associated risk factors in Santo Domingo, Ecuador

1576 Background: The incidence of cervical cancer has remained stable in HIV+ women but the prevalence and multiplicity of high risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer, appears different comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. Because this has not been well studied in Africa, we conducted this study to identify single and multiple hrHPV infection among HIV+ and HIV- women in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled HIV+ and HIV- women presenting at our cervical cancer screening program in Abuja, Nigeria between April 2012 and August 2012. Using a nurse administered questionnaire, we collected information on demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection and cervical exfoliated cells samples from all participants. We used Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test to characterize the prevalent HPV according to manufacturer’s instruction and logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV infection and the risk of high-risk HPV infection. Results: There were 278 participants, 40% (111) of whom were HIV negative, 54% (151) HIV positive and 6% (16) with HIV status unknown. Of these, 108 HIV+ women cases and 149 HIV- women controls were available for analysis. The mean ages (±SD) were 37.6 (±7.7) for HIV+ and 36.6 (±7.9) years for HIV- women (p-value = 0.34). Cases and controls had similar socio-demographic characteristics. Among HIV+ women, HPV35 (8.7%) and HPV56 (7.4%) were the most prevalent hrHPV, while HPV52 and HPV68 (2.8%, each) were the most prevalent among HIV- women. The age adjusted RR for prevalent hrHPV was 4.18 (95% CI 2.05 – 8.49, p-value <0.0001), comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. The multivariate RR for any HPV and multiple hrHPV was 3.75 (95% CI 2.08 – 6.73, p-value 0.01) and 6.6 (95% CI 1.49 – 29.64, p-value 0.01) respectively, comparing HIV+ to HIV- women, adjusted for age, and educational level. Conclusions: HIV infection was associated with increased risk of any HPV, hrHPV and multiple HPV infections. Oncogenic HPV types 35, 52, 56 and 68 may be more important risk factors for cervical pre-cancer and cancer among women in Africa. Polyvalent hrHPV vaccines meant for African populations should protect against HPV types other than 16 and 18.

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Prevalence of vaccine and non-vaccine human papillomavirus types among women in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01511-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oksana Debrah ◽

Francis Agyemang-Yeboah ◽

Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh ◽

Richard Harry Asmah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. HPV type-specific vaccination is being widely recommended to control the burden of disease, but the genotype-specific distribution of HPV may vary in different countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among women attending reproductive health services in Ghana, their associated risk factors, and to assess the potential coverage of identified HPV genotypes by three licensed vaccines among these women. Method Women presenting for reproductive health services in two regional hospitals in Accra and Kumasi from October 2014 to March 2015 were conveniently recruited into the study (n = 317). HPV-DNA detection and genotype identification were carried out by a nested multiplex PCR assay that combines degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers for the detection and typing of eighteen HPV genotypes. Cytology was performed to screen women for cervical cancer lesions. Risk factors for HPV infection were analyzed by logistic regression. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. Results The age of study participants ranged from 21 to 76 years. Among women positive for HPV, 35.0% were infected with high-risk HPV, 14.5% with probable high-risk HPV, and 17.0% with low-risk HPV. The prevalence of HPV 16/18 was 8.2%, HPV 6/11/16/18 was 9.1% and HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was 28.4%. The most prevalent among HR-HPV were types 52 (18.3%) and 58 (8.8%). HPV positivity may be associated with educational background (p < 0.001), age at first pregnancy (p = 0.028), and age at coitarche (p = 0.016). Conclusions Our study revealed a high prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women. The high prevalence of HR HPV indicates that multivalent vaccines will be useful for controlling HPV burden in general population contexts. The distribution of HPVs in this population suggests that of the three currently available vaccines the nonavalent vaccine, which protects against seven HPV types in addition to HPV 16 and 18, has the highest coverage of HPV infections among Ghanaian women. Healthcare officials planning to reduce the transmission of HPV and cervical cancer must consider the coverage of the nonavalent vaccine as an advantage.

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Detection of DKK-1 Gene Methylation in Exfoliated Cells of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Relationship with High Risk HPV Infection

10.36879/aog.20.000114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

High Risk ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Gene Methylation ◽

Exfoliated Cells ◽

High Risk Hpv

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Molecular characterization of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in women in Lomé, Togo

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-05956-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akouélé P. Kuassi-Kpede ◽

Essolakina Dolou ◽

Théodora M. Zohoncon ◽

Ina Marie Angèle Traore ◽

Gnatoulma Katawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

West Africa ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

Precancerous Cervical Lesions ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

First Time

Abstract Background The causative agent of cervical cancer referred to as Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a real public health problem. Many countries in West Africa, such as Togo have no data on the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and genotypes distribution. In order to fill the knowledge gap in the field in Togo, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix and HR-HPV genotypes among Togolese women. Methods Samples were collected from 240 women by introducing a swab in the cervix. Then, the screening of precancerous cervical lesions using the visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (VIA / VIL) was conducted. The HR-HPV genotypes were characterised by real-time multiplex PCR. Results Out of 240 women recruited, 128 (53.3%) were infected by HR-HPV. The most common genotypes were HPV 56 (22.7%), followed by HPV 51 (20.3%), HPV 31 (19.5%), HPV 52 (18.8%) and HPV 35 (17.2%). The least common genotypes were HPV 33 (2.3%) and HPV 16 (2.3%). Among the women, 1.3% (3/240) were positive to VIA/VIL. Conclusion This study allowed HR-HPV genotypes to be characterised for the first time in Lomé, Togo. This will help in mapping the HR-HPV genotypes in West Africa.

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Therapeutic Efficacy of a Coriolus versicolor-Based Vaginal Gel in Women with Cervical Uterine High-Risk HPV Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study

Advances in Therapy ◽

10.1007/s12325-020-01594-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Angela Criscuolo ◽

Francesco Sesti ◽

Emilio Piccione ◽

Pasquale Mancino ◽

Elena Belloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Observational Study ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Coriolus Versicolor ◽

Retrospective Observational Study ◽

Vaginal Gel ◽

High Risk Hpv

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HPV and Other Microbiota; Who’s Good and Who’s Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer—A Non-Systematic Review

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 714

Author(s):

Matthias Läsche ◽

Horst Urban ◽

Julia Gallwas ◽

Carsten Gründker

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Metabolic Signalling ◽

Microbial Environment ◽

High Risk Hpv

Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.

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