HIV-associated high-risk HPV infection in Nigerian women.

1576 Background: The incidence of cervical cancer has remained stable in HIV+ women but the prevalence and multiplicity of high risk HPV (hrHPV) infection, a necessary cause of cervical cancer, appears different comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. Because this has not been well studied in Africa, we conducted this study to identify single and multiple hrHPV infection among HIV+ and HIV- women in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled HIV+ and HIV- women presenting at our cervical cancer screening program in Abuja, Nigeria between April 2012 and August 2012. Using a nurse administered questionnaire, we collected information on demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection and cervical exfoliated cells samples from all participants. We used Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test to characterize the prevalent HPV according to manufacturer’s instruction and logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV infection and the risk of high-risk HPV infection. Results: There were 278 participants, 40% (111) of whom were HIV negative, 54% (151) HIV positive and 6% (16) with HIV status unknown. Of these, 108 HIV+ women cases and 149 HIV- women controls were available for analysis. The mean ages (±SD) were 37.6 (±7.7) for HIV+ and 36.6 (±7.9) years for HIV- women (p-value = 0.34). Cases and controls had similar socio-demographic characteristics. Among HIV+ women, HPV35 (8.7%) and HPV56 (7.4%) were the most prevalent hrHPV, while HPV52 and HPV68 (2.8%, each) were the most prevalent among HIV- women. The age adjusted RR for prevalent hrHPV was 4.18 (95% CI 2.05 – 8.49, p-value <0.0001), comparing HIV+ to HIV- women. The multivariate RR for any HPV and multiple hrHPV was 3.75 (95% CI 2.08 – 6.73, p-value 0.01) and 6.6 (95% CI 1.49 – 29.64, p-value 0.01) respectively, comparing HIV+ to HIV- women, adjusted for age, and educational level. Conclusions: HIV infection was associated with increased risk of any HPV, hrHPV and multiple HPV infections. Oncogenic HPV types 35, 52, 56 and 68 may be more important risk factors for cervical pre-cancer and cancer among women in Africa. Polyvalent hrHPV vaccines meant for African populations should protect against HPV types other than 16 and 18.

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Risk, Persistence and Multiplicity of HPV Infections among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Nigerian Women

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.2016.003830 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 38s-39s

Author(s):

Sally N. Adebamowo ◽

Toyosi Olawande ◽

Ayotunde Famooto ◽

Eileen O. Dareng ◽

Olayinka Olaniyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hiv Women ◽

Dna Enzyme Immunoassay ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Hiv Negative

Abstract 64 Background: The incidence, prevalence, persistence, and multiplicity of high-risk HPV infection is different between HIV positive and HIV negative women. We examined the association between HIV, prevalent HPV, and persistent HPV infections among women in a prospective cohort in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled women presenting at cervical cancer screening programs in Abuja, Nigeria, between 2012 and 2014 and collected information on their demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection, and cervical exfoliated cells samples at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits. DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test were used to characterize HPV. Persistent HPV infection was defined as a positive result on 2 consecutive DEIA tests. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and risk of HPV infection. Results: Among the 1,020 women enrolled, the mean age (±SD) was 37(8), and 44% and 56% were HIV+ and HIV-, respectively. HPV52 and 35 were the most common HPV types in the study population. The prevalence was 34% for any HPV, 24% for persistent HPV and 9% for multiple HPV infections; these were higher among HIV+ women (p-value <0.001). The multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI comparing HIV+ to HIV- women was 6.29 (95% CI 3.64 – 10.87, p-value <0.001) for any high-risk HPV; 6.22 (95% CI 3.02 – 12.83, p-value <0.001) for persistent high-risk HPV; and 6.46 (95% CI 2.69 – 15.52, p-value <0.001) for multiple high-risk HPV infections, Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of persistence and multiplicity of low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. These findings may explain, in part, the increased risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV infections. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Toyosi Olawande No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen O. Dareng No relationship to disclose Olayinka Olaniyan No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck [Table: see text]

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Interaction of High- and Low-Risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of developing cervical cancer (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.36017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Avan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

P Value ◽

Simultaneous Infection ◽

High Risk Hpv

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. OBJECTIVE The link between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented, although the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy is remained to be unanswered in guideline METHODS We have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotype with cervical carcinoma risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients. RESULTS The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a notable decline in the risk of developing malignancy in comparison with the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), p-value=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV reduces the risk of cervical malignancy.

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The Laboratory Diagnosis of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infections

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2005/798710 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 83-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

François Coutlee ◽

Danielle Rouleau ◽

Alex Ferenczy ◽

Eduardo Franco

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

High Grade ◽

Hpv Testing ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents of several genital cancers, including cancer of the uterine cervix. The detection of HPV infection in genital samples may increase the sensitivity of primary and secondary screenings of cervical cancer. HPV testing may also improve the specificity of screening programs, resulting in the avoidance of overtreatment and cost savings for confirmatory procedures. The major determinants of clinical progression of HPV infection include persistence of HPV infection, involvement of high-risk HPV types, high HPV viral load, integration of viral DNA and presence of several potential cofactors. Signal amplification HPV-DNA detection techniques (Hybrid Capture II, Digene Corporation, USA) are standardized, commercially available, and capable of detecting several high-risk HPV types. They also increase the sensitivity of screening for high-grade lesions in combination with cytology. The sensitivity of these techniques to detect high-grade lesions is higher than that of cytology, but the referral rate for colposcopy is greater. These techniques are approved for the triage to colposcopy of women with cervical smears interpreted as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Triage and screening for cervical cancer using HPV will probably be restricted to women aged 30 years or older because of the high prevalence of infection in younger women. Amplification techniques are ideal for epidemiological studies because they minimize the misclassification of HPV infection status. These techniques can detect low HPV burden infections. Consensus primers amplify most genital types in one reaction, and the reverse hybridization of amplicons with type-specific probes allows for the typing of HPV-positive samples. Consensus PCR assays are currently under evaluation for diagnostic purposes. HPV testing is currently implemented for the clinical management of women.

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HPV16-Related Cervical Cancers and Precancers Have Increased Levels of Host Cell DNA Methylation in Women Living with HIV

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113297 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3297 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wieke Kremer ◽

Marjolein van Zummeren ◽

Daniëlle Heideman ◽

Birgit Lissenberg-Witte ◽

Peter Snijders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Host Cell ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Dna Hypermethylation ◽

Cervical Disease ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) are needed to understand HPV–HIV interaction and to inform prevention programs for this population. We assessed high-risk HPV type-specific prevalence in cervical samples from 463 WLHIV from South Africa with different underlying, histologically confirmed stages of cervical disease. Secondly, we investigated DNA hypermethylation of host cell genes ASCL1, LHX8, and ST6GALNAC5, as markers of advanced cervical disease, in relation to type-specific HPV infection. Overall, HPV prevalence was 56% and positivity increased with severity of cervical disease: from 28.0% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 or less (≤CIN1) to 100% in invasive cervical cancer (ICC). HPV16 was the most prevalent type, accounting for 9.9% of HPV-positive ≤CIN1, 14.3% of CIN2, 31.7% of CIN3, and 45.5% of ICC. HPV16 was significantly more associated with ICC and CIN3 than with ≤CIN1 (adjusted for age, ORMH 7.36 (95% CI 2.33–23.21) and 4.37 (95% CI 1.81–10.58), respectively), as opposed to non-16 high-risk HPV types. Methylation levels of ASCL1, LHX8, and ST6GALNAC5 in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) associated with HPV16 were significantly higher compared with methylation levels in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3+ associated with non-16 high-risk HPV types (p-values 0.017, 0.019, and 0.026, respectively). When CIN3 and ICC were analysed separately, the same trend was observed, but the differences were not significant. Our results confirm the key role that HPV16 plays in uterine cervix carcinogenesis, and suggest that the evaluation of host cell gene methylation levels may monitor the progression of cervical neoplasms also in WLHIV.

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Common types of infection with multitypes of HPV on uterine cervix

Infection International ◽

10.2478/ii-2018-0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ting Miao

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Tumor Susceptibility ◽

Common Causes ◽

Hpv Types ◽

The Common ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important factor causing cervical cancer. In recent years, infection with multiple HPV types has been confirmed in various studies. High-risk HPV 16 and 18 and low-risk HPV 6 are the most common causes of multitype HPV infection. Infection with multiple types of HPV, which results from individual susceptibility, is crucial in tumor susceptibility. This paper summarizes the common types of multiple HPV infection to enable further research on the relationship between HPV and tumor susceptibility.

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Prevalence of vaccine and non-vaccine human papillomavirus types among women in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01511-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oksana Debrah ◽

Francis Agyemang-Yeboah ◽

Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh ◽

Richard Harry Asmah

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Reproductive Health Services ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for pre-invasive and invasive cervical cancer. HPV type-specific vaccination is being widely recommended to control the burden of disease, but the genotype-specific distribution of HPV may vary in different countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among women attending reproductive health services in Ghana, their associated risk factors, and to assess the potential coverage of identified HPV genotypes by three licensed vaccines among these women. Method Women presenting for reproductive health services in two regional hospitals in Accra and Kumasi from October 2014 to March 2015 were conveniently recruited into the study (n = 317). HPV-DNA detection and genotype identification were carried out by a nested multiplex PCR assay that combines degenerate E6/E7 consensus primers and type-specific primers for the detection and typing of eighteen HPV genotypes. Cytology was performed to screen women for cervical cancer lesions. Risk factors for HPV infection were analyzed by logistic regression. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. Results The age of study participants ranged from 21 to 76 years. Among women positive for HPV, 35.0% were infected with high-risk HPV, 14.5% with probable high-risk HPV, and 17.0% with low-risk HPV. The prevalence of HPV 16/18 was 8.2%, HPV 6/11/16/18 was 9.1% and HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 was 28.4%. The most prevalent among HR-HPV were types 52 (18.3%) and 58 (8.8%). HPV positivity may be associated with educational background (p < 0.001), age at first pregnancy (p = 0.028), and age at coitarche (p = 0.016). Conclusions Our study revealed a high prevalence of HR-HPV infection among women. The high prevalence of HR HPV indicates that multivalent vaccines will be useful for controlling HPV burden in general population contexts. The distribution of HPVs in this population suggests that of the three currently available vaccines the nonavalent vaccine, which protects against seven HPV types in addition to HPV 16 and 18, has the highest coverage of HPV infections among Ghanaian women. Healthcare officials planning to reduce the transmission of HPV and cervical cancer must consider the coverage of the nonavalent vaccine as an advantage.

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APPLICATION OF REAL-TIME PRC TECHNIQUE AND REVERSE DOT-BLOT FOR DETECTION THE HIGH RISK TYPES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS CAUSING CERVICAL CANCER

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2017.3.15 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 99-103

Author(s):

Van Bao Thang Phan ◽

Hoang Bach Nguyen ◽

Van Thanh Nguyen ◽

Thi Nhu Hoa Tran ◽

Viet Quynh Tram Ngo

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Dot Blot ◽

The Real ◽

Dot Blot Assay ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Reverse Dot Blot

Introduction: Infection with HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Determining HPV infection and the types of HPV plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cervicitis/cervical cancer. Aims: Determining proportion of high-risk HPV types and the occurrence of coinfection with multiple HPV types. Methods: 177 women with cervicitis or abnormal Pap smear result were enrolled in the study. Performing the real-time PCR for detecting HPV and the reverse DOT-BLOT assay for determining type of HPV in cases of positive PCR. Results: 7 types of high-risk HPV was dectected, the majority of these types were HPV type 18 (74.6%) and HPV type 16 (37.6%); the proportion of infection with only one type of HPV was 30.4% and coinfection with multiple HPV types was higher (69.6%), the coinfected cases with 2 and 3 types were dominated (32.2% and 20.3%, respectively) and the coinfected cases with 4 and 5 types were rare. Conclusion: Use of the real-time PCR and reverse DOT-BLOT assay can determine the high-risk HPV types and the occurrence of coinfection with multiple HPV types. Key words: HPV type, Reverse DOT-BLOT, real-time PCR,PCR, cervical cancer

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Influence of HIV infection on the distribution of high-risk HPV types among women with cervical precancerous lesions in Yaounde, Cameroon

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.059 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Richard TAGNE SIMO ◽

Fonyuy B. KIAFON ◽

Charlette NANGUE ◽

André P. GOURA ◽

Jackson L. EBUNE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Cervical Precancerous Lesions ◽

Hpv Types ◽

High Risk Hpv

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HPV and Other Microbiota; Who’s Good and Who’s Bad: Effects of the Microbial Environment on the Development of Cervical Cancer—A Non-Systematic Review

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 714

Author(s):

Matthias Läsche ◽

Horst Urban ◽

Julia Gallwas ◽

Carsten Gründker

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Carcinoma ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Human Papillomaviruses ◽

Inflammatory Reactions ◽

Metabolic Signalling ◽

Microbial Environment ◽

High Risk Hpv

Cervical cancer is responsible for around 5% of all human cancers worldwide. It develops almost exclusively from an unsolved, persistent infection of the squamocolumnar transformation zone between the endo- and ecto-cervix with various high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The decisive turning point on the way to persistent HPV infection and malignant transformation is an immune system weakened by pathobionts and oxidative stress and an injury to the cervical mucosa, often caused by sexual activities. Through these injury and healing processes, HPV viruses, hijacking activated keratinocytes, move into the basal layers of the cervical epithelium and then continue their development towards the distal prickle cell layer (Stratum spinosum). The microbial microenvironment of the cervical tissue determines the tissue homeostasis and the integrity of the protective mucous layer through the maintenance of a healthy immune and metabolic signalling. Pathological microorganisms and the resulting dysbiosis disturb this signalling. Thus, pathological inflammatory reactions occur, which manifest the HPV infection. About 90% of all women contract an HPV infection in the course of their lives. In about 10% of cases, the virus persists and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) develops. Approximately 1% of women with a high-risk HPV infection incur a cervical carcinoma after 10 to 20 years. In this non-systematic review article, we summarise how the sexually and microbial mediated pathogenesis of the cervix proceeds through aberrant immune and metabolism signalling via CIN to cervical carcinoma. We show how both the virus and the cancer benefit from the same changes in the immune and metabolic environment.

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