Association of Muscarinic M1 Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms with Psychiatric Symptoms and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenic Patients

AbstractObesity is a critical issue in patients with schizophrenia, which is considered to be brought about by both environmental and genetic factors. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, however, the effect of APOE gene polymorphism on obesity has never been investigated in Chinese aging with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of obesity on cognitive and psychiatric symptoms in elderly participants with schizophrenia. At the same time, we also discussed the inner link between APOE E4 and obesity. 301 elderly participants with schizophrenia and 156 normal controls were included in the study. Their cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and APOE gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of obesity in elderly schizophrenic patients and healthy controls accounted for 15.9% (48/301) and 10.3% (16/156), respectively, with no statistically significant difference. By using stepwise linear regression analysis, we found that elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for obesity in elderly schizophrenic patients. Although there was no direct correlation between APOE E4 and obesity in patients with schizophrenia, it was significantly correlated with hyperlipemia(r = − 0.154, p = 0.008), suggesting that APOE E4 may induce obesity in elderly patients with schizophrenia through hyperlipemia, However, the above conclusions do not apply to the normal elderly. What’s more, we did not find a link between obesity and cognitive function or mental symptoms for both patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. APOE E4 is associated with hyperlipidemia in elderly schizophrenic patients, which may be a risk factor for obesity, however, the above conclusion does not apply to the normal elderly.

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in early- and late-onset frontotemporal dementia.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1103992.561148 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Janine Diehl-Schmid

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Late Onset

Download Full-text

The Relationship of Psychiatric Symptoms with Performance-Based and Self-Reported Cognitive Function After Ischemic Stroke

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617721000187 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Elisabeth Kliem ◽

Elise Gjestad ◽

Truls Ryum ◽

Alexander Olsen ◽

Bente Thommessen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Executive Function ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Cognitive Difficulties ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective: Findings on the relationship of psychiatric symptoms with performance-based and self-reported cognitive function post-stroke are inconclusive. We aimed to (1) study the relation of depression and anxiety to performance-based cognitive function and (2) explore a broader spectrum of psychiatric symptoms and their association with performance-based versus self-reported cognitive function. Method: Individuals with supratentorial ischemic stroke performed neuropsychological examination 3 months after stroke. For primary analyses, composite scores for memory and attention/executive function were calculated based on selected neuropsychological tests, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used. Psychiatric symptoms and self-reported cognitive function for secondary aims were assessed using the Symptom-Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: In a sample of 86 patients [mean (M) age: 64.6 ± 9.2; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 3–7 days post-stroke: M = 28.4 ± 1.7; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) after 3 months: M = 0.7 ± 1.6] depressive symptoms (HADS) were associated with poorer memory performance after controlling for age, sex, and education (p ≤ .01). In a subsample (n = 41; Age: M = 65.7 ± 8.1; MMSE: M = 28.4 ± 1.8; NIHSS: M = 1.0 ± 1.9), symptoms of phobic anxiety (SCL-90-R) were associated with poorer performance-based memory and attention/executive function, and symptoms of anxiety (SCL-90-R) with lower attention/executive function. Higher levels of self-reported cognitive difficulties were associated with higher scores in all psychiatric domains (p ≤ .05). Conclusion: Even in relatively well-functioning stroke patients, depressive symptoms are associated with poorer memory. The results also suggest that various psychiatric symptoms are more related to self-reported rather than to performance-based cognitive function. Screening for self-reported cognitive difficulties may not only help to identify patients with cognitive impairment, but also those who need psychological treatment.

Download Full-text

Cognitive reserve in neuropsychiatry

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706007501 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1053-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

J. H. BARNETT ◽

C. H. SALMOND ◽

P. B. JONES ◽

B. J. SAHAKIAN

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Head Injury ◽

Cognitive Reserve ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Future Studies ◽

Cognitive Failure ◽

History Of

Background. The idea that superior cognitive function acts as a protective factor against dementia and the consequences of head injury is well established. Here we suggest the hypothesis that cognitive reserve is also important in neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Method. We review the history of passive and active models of reserve, and apply the concept to neuropsychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is used as an exemplar because the effects of premorbid IQ and cognitive function in this disorder have been extensively studied.Results. Cognitive reserve may impact on neuropsychiatric disorders in three ways: by affecting the risk for developing the disorder, in the expression of symptoms within disorders, and in patients' functional outcome. Cognitive failure below a certain threshold may alone, or in combination with common psychiatric symptoms, produce neuropsychiatric syndromes.Conclusions. Consideration of cognitive reserve may considerably improve our understanding of individual differences in the causes and consequences of neuropsychiatric disorders. For these reasons, the concept of cognitive reserve should be incorporated in future studies of neuropsychiatric disorder. It may be possible to enhance cognitive reserve through pharmacological or non-pharmacological means, such as education, neurocognitive activation or other treatment programmes.

Download Full-text

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Attentional Bias Training on Cognitive Function and Psychiatric Symptoms of Individuals with Methamphetamine Dependency: a Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction ◽

10.1007/s11469-021-00686-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-xia Liu ◽

Shen Wang

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Randomized Controlled

Download Full-text

The Empirical Heterogeneity of First Rank Symptoms in Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.140.5.498 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 140 (5) ◽

pp. 498-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Richard Lewine ◽

Robin Renders ◽

Mark Kirchhofer ◽

Ann Monsour ◽

Norman Watt

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Homogeneous Group ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

First Rank Symptoms ◽

The Relationship

SummaryFirst rank symptoms have assumed an important role in the assessment of schizophrenia. Only recently, however, have there been empirical studies of their reliability and validity. In this study, we examined the relationship between first rank and other psychiatric symptoms in 100 schizophrenic patients. The results are consistent with other research reports suggesting that first rank symptoms do not represent a homogeneous group of symptoms within an individual patient.

Download Full-text

Blonanserin augmentation in patients with schizophrenia – who is benefited from blonanserin augmentation?: An open-label, prospective, multicenter study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. s226-s226

Author(s):

Y.S. Woo ◽

J.E. Park ◽

D.H. Kim ◽

I.K. Sohn ◽

T.Y. Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multicenter Study ◽

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Open Label ◽

Prospective Multicenter Study ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Negative Syndrome

IntroductionEvidences for antipsychotics augmentation for schizophrenic patients with suboptimal efficacy have been lacking although it has been widespread therapeutic strategy in clinical practice.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of blonanserin augmentation with an atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) in schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of 100 patients with schizophrenia partially or completely unresponsive to treatment with an AAP recruited in this 12-week, open-label, non-comparative, multicenter study. Blonanserin was added to existing AAPs which were maintained during the study period. Efficacy was primarily evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline, week 2, 4, 8, and 12. Predictors for PANSS response (≥ 20% reduction) was investigated.ResultsThe PANSS total score was significantly decreased at 12 weeks after blonanserin augmentation (–21.0 ± 18.1, F = 105.849, P < 0.001). Response rate on PANSS at week 12 was 51.0%. Premature discontinuation was occurred in 17 patients (17.0%) and 4 patients among them discontinued the study due to adverse events. Nine patients experienced significant weight gain during the study. Response to blonanserin augmentation was associated with severe (PANSS > 85) baseline symptom (OR = 10.298, P = 0.007) and higher dose (> 600 mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalent dose) of existing AAPs (OR = 4.594, P = 0.014).ConclusionsBlonanserin augmentation improved psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenic patients in cases of partial or non-responsive to an AAP treatment with favorable tolerability. Patients with severe symptom despite treatment with higher dose of AAP were benefited from this augmentation. These results suggested that blonanserin augmentation could be an effective strategy for specific patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text