166 – NRG1, cognitive function and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Is there an association?

Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and serious clinical syndrome with very aggravating psychopathology involving perception, cognition, emotion, and behaviour. Currently, cognitive dysfunction is seen as a core disorder of schizophrenia. Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) refers to the period from the onset of psychotic symptoms to the first adequate administration of antipsychotics.Aims: This review aims to analyse the impact of DUP on cognitive function in schizophrenia.Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following keyword: (cognitive function) and (neurodevelopmental OR neurotoxicity hypothesis) and (duration of untreated psychosis or DUP) and (schizophrenia or psychosis or psychotic) using the journal publication filter for the 2014-2020 issue. We also used textbooks published in the last 10 years and were related to writing themes.Review: There are two different opinions about the impact of DUP on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients: (1) the neurodevelopmental hypothesis says there is no impact of the length of DUP on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients; (2) the neurotoxicity hypothesis says the length of the DUP will impact the patient's cognitive function. Despite differences of opinion about the impact of DUP on cognitive function in schizophrenia, early intervention in schizophrenic patients is important because DUP is associated with worse general disease symptoms, lower likelihood of remission, more severe positive and negative symptoms, and worse social functioning and overall outcomes.Summary: There are differences of opinion about the impact of DUP on cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.

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405 - Music Therapy in the management of dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610220002586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (S1) ◽

pp. 121-121

Author(s):

Catarina Pedro ◽

Beatriz Jorge ◽

Mariana Duarte

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Music Therapy ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

World Health ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Introduction:Dementia has become a worldwide concern. According to the World Health Organization, there are 50 million individuals suffering from dementia across the world and approximately 20 million new cases are diagnosed each year. The efficacy of medications in controlling agitation and psychotic symptoms is modest and may cause serious adverse effects, outlining the urge for new treatment methods for patients with dementia. Music therapy (MT) is a nonpharmacologic strategy that is used in patients with early-to-late stages of dementia with promising results.Objectives:The aim of this presentation is to evaluate the benefits of music therapy in cognitive functioning and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients diagnosed with dementia. We also summarize the current knowledge about this topic.Methods:A non-systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of science using selected keywords.Results:MT sustains its benefit because musical memory regions in the brain are relatively spared compared to cognitive function. “Musical memories” can, thus, be stored longer than non-musical memories, allowing to recall associated life events and emotions. Systematic reviews suggest that MT seem to have a positive effect on symptoms such as depression, anxiety and behavioral problems while the findings concerning agitation/aggression are inconsistent. No large differences were found between studies using live or recorded music although the latter reported more of a consistently positive impact on behavioral and psychological outcomes. The studies using live music, however, reported specific benefits to relationships and interactions.Conclusions:The majority of the studies have methodological limitations, making it difficult to offer firm conclusions. Despite this, there were positive results on aspects of quality of life, cognitive function, behavioral, psychological, physiological and communication outcomes.

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Effects of sulpiride and chlorpromazine on autistic and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients ?relationship to drug concentrations

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf00427315 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

G. Alfredsson ◽

C. H�rnryd ◽

F.-A. Wiesel

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Schizophrenic Patients

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SOCIAL SKILL TRAINING PADA PENYANDANG SKIZOFRENIA

JURNAL BIOMEDIK (JBM) ◽

10.35790/jbm.2.3.2010.1193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anita E. Dundu

Keyword(s):

Social Skill ◽

Skill Training ◽

Key Words Schizophrenia ◽

Social Skill Training ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Social Rehabilitation ◽

The Social ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

The Impact

Abstract: Besides psychotic symptoms, schizophrenic patients also show alterations in cognitive function, verbal information, and emotional response, due to disturbances of interpersonal interaction. The impact of all of these is the disturbance in social function. Treatment of schizophrenic patients with psychopharmacotherapy can only suppress the symptoms, but it can not overcome the functional deficit. For this reason, combination of psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and social rehabilitationin is introduced to obtain a better result in schizophrenic management. Social skill training is a part of the social rehabilitation that is very useful in improving the patients’ quality of life in preparing them to be functional in their society. Key words: schizophrenia, social rehabilitation, social skill training. Abstrak: Pada penyandang skizofrenia selain gejala-gejala psikotik juga terdapat perubahan dalam fungsi kognisi, informasi verbal dan respon emosi akibat terganggunya interaksi interpersonal, yang berdampak gangguan dalam fungsi sosial. Pengobatan skizofrenia dengan menggunakan psikofarmaka hanya dapat menekan gejala-gejala penyakit ini tetapi tidak dapat mengatasi defisit fungsional. Untuk hal ini, pada pengobatan skizofrenia terkini digunakan kombinasi psikofarmaka, psikoterapi dan rehabilitasi sosial. Social skill training merupakan salah satu bagian dari rehabilitasi sosial yang bermanfaat meningkatkan kwalitas hidup dalam mempersiapkan penyandang skizofrenia untuk dapat berfungsi kembali dalam masyarakat. Kata kunci: skizofrenia, rehabilitasi sosial, social skill training.

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New dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic theories in schizophrenia and their therapeutic impact

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/s0924270800036826 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

R.S. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Dopamine Neurons ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

The Core ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Core Symptoms ◽

Influential Theory

The dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia, postulating that schizophrenia is characterized by increased dopamine function, has been the most influential theory on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. It has recently been revised based on the appreciation that the core symptoms of schizophrenia may not be the positive (psychotic) symptoms, but rather the negative symptoms and the cognitive deficits found in schizophrenic patients. This revision has prompted the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by both decreased prefrontal dopamine activity (causing deficit symptoms) and increased dopamine activity in mesolimbic dopamine neurons (causing positive symptoms).Notwithstanding this revision of a role for dopamine in schizophrenia, it has become increasingly evident that dysfunction of other monoaminergic systems may be as important in contributing to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, the putative role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in schizophrenia is gaining considerable attention. Several observations, such as the ability of the 5-HT antagonist, ritanserin, to alleviate schizophrenic symptoms and, when added to haloperidol (Haldol®), to decrease its extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS), have stimulated studies into a role of 5-HT in schizophrenia. The finding that clozapine (Leponex®), clinically superior to conventional neuroleptics, is a weak DA2 antagonist but a potent 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 antagonist has further stimulated 5-HT-related research in schizophrenia.

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Acute Dystonic Reactions Complicated by Psychotic Phenomena

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.164.1.115 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 115-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Thornton ◽

P. J. McKenna

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Muscle Spasms ◽

The Relationship

Four schizophrenic patients are reported in whom the acute development of dystonic muscle spasms, usually involving gaze deviation, was accompanied by the exacerbation or appearance of psychotic symptoms. In all cases the relationship between the neurological and psychiatric phenomena was close, and sometimes the presentation was bizarre or dramatic. The similarity of these states to the complex neuropsychiatric disturbances seen in post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is emphasised.

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Electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia – where do we stand?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.671 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. s262-s263

Author(s):

J. Silva ◽

J. Mota ◽

P. Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Drug Intolerance ◽

Rapid Control ◽

Practice Of Medicine ◽

Nice Guidance ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy is currently used in the management of severe depression, long-term mania and catatonia. Regarding schizophrenia-related psychosis ECT is also an option, but the indication is restrictive to severe cases, drug intolerance or resistant ones. Lack of evidence of cost-effectiveness compared to clozapine, and side effects of ECT techniques before 2003, influenced NICE guidance to not recommend ECT in schizophrenia, but modern ECT machines and procedures are subsequent to 2003. ECT is often performed when clozapine fails to respond in monotherapy or if there is intolerance to antipsychotic side effects. ECT in combination with clozapine seems to have significant results allowing the patients to achieve rapid control of psychotic symptoms with fewer side effects, comparing with antipsychotics-association strategies.ObjectivesTo summarized the latest literature about this field and to present recent data from the Electrovulsivetherapy Unit, in Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, Portugal.AimTo explore and critically review the controversies of electroconvulsive therapy in the management of drug-resistant schizophrenia.MethodsRetrospective data of an Electroconvulsive Therapy Unit during 2006–2015 was review.Results198 ECT treatments in schizophrenic patients were performed in our unit, during 2006–2007, in a total of 647 ECT (30,6%). In 2014–2015, 945 schizophrenic patients received ECT treatment, in a total of 2149 performed ECT (43,9%).ConclusionsAlthough guidelines are crucial for the uniform practice of medicine, sometimes is important to be critical about them. The use of ECT in schizophrenia is safe and effective and further research is needed to continue to support this treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Cognitive function in euthymic bipolar patients, stabilized schizophrenic patients, and healthy controls

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(00)91018-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 283-284

Author(s):

A. Rossi ◽

P. Stratta ◽

M. Grazia Marinangeli ◽

E. Daneluzzo ◽

M. Bustini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Bipolar Patients

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Psychopathology and personality traits in psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.06.002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 476-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M.J. Cortés ◽

J. Valero ◽

J.A. Gutiérrez-Zotes ◽

A. Hernández ◽

L. Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Point Of View ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Personality Dimensions ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Self Transcendence

AbstractPersonality dimensions have been associated with symptoms dimensions in schizophrenic patients (SP). In this paper we study the relationships between symptoms of functional psychoses and personality dimensions in SP and their first-degree relatives (SR), in other psychotic patients (PP) and their first-degree relatives (PR), and in healthy controls in order to evaluate the possible clinical dimensionality of these disorders. Twenty-nine SP, 29 SR, 18 PP, 18 PR and 188 controls were assessed using the temperament and character inventory (TCI-R). Current symptoms were evaluated with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) using the five-factor model described previously (positive [PF], negative [NF], disorganized [DF], excitement [EF] and anxiety/depression [ADF]). Our TCI-R results showed that patients had different personality dimensions from the control group, but in relatives, these scores were not different from controls. With regard to symptomatology, we highlight the relations observed between harm avoidance (HA) and PANSS NF, and between self-transcendence (ST) and PANSS PF. From a personality traits-genetic factors point of view, schizophrenia and other psychosis may be initially differentiated by temperamental traits such as HA. The so-called characterial traits like ST would be associated with the appearance of psychotic symptoms.

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