scholarly journals A Norse Contribution to the History of Neurological Diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Holmøy
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
History Of

Supercomputing in the Study and Stimulation of the Brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Laura Dipietro ◽  
Seth Elkin-Frankston ◽  
Ciro Ramos-Estebanez ◽  
Timothy Wagner
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Building Simulations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Imaging Data ◽  
Evolution Of Science ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
The Brain

The history of neuroscience has tracked with the evolution of science and technology. Today, neuroscience's trajectory is heavily dependent on computational systems and the availability of high-performance computing (HPC), which are becoming indispensable for building simulations of the brain, coping with high computational demands of analysis of brain imaging data sets, and developing treatments for neurological diseases. This chapter will briefly review the current and potential future use of supercomputers in neuroscience.

scholarly journals Cycad Toxins and Neurological Diseases in Guam: Defining Theoretical and Experimental Standards for Correlating Human Disease with Environmental Toxins

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1598-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler ◽  
Vivian Lee ◽  
Christopher A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Science Standards ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Consumption of Cycas micronesica seed tissue has been associated with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS–PDC) of the Western Pacific. However, failures to document vital plant and neighborhood descriptors and pronounced variability in toxin concentrations noted within and among studies obfuscate decades of research on this subject. We discuss the theoretical and experimental constraints of plant tissue sampling in relation to human disease research. Comparisons are made between this approach and methods used throughout the history of ALS–PDC research, most notably very recent reports concerning β-methyl-amino-alanine. Methods for studying possible plant neurotoxins need to be standardized and must follow rigorous criteria to be valid in principle. Our discussions reveal why these criteria are essential and highlight the impact that natural variations have on environmental toxin quantification and interpretation. Past research on cycad toxins is deficient on experimental and theoretical grounds, and interpretation of published data is dominated by ambiguities. This area of study as conventionally conceived and carried out needs transforming. We argue that future empirical studies should honor appropriate plant science standards concomitantly with medical science standards. This dual focus will ensure appropriate sampling scheme, sample size, and reporting of background plant and community factors known to influence phenotypic plasticity.

Psychiatric Symptomatology as the Initial Presentation of Brain Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S165-S165
Author(s):  
A. Fornelos ◽  
P. Macedo ◽  
A. Figueiredo ◽  
M. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Organic Brain Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary adult brain tumor. Clinically, non-specific psychiatric symptoms may arise as their first and only manifestation, prior to any neurological deficits. The most form of psychiatric presentation of neurological diseases are depressive complaints, although these may also be accompanied by behavioral and/or cognitive, anxious and psychotic symptoms. By explaining this case report we aim to emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of an organic brain disease, even when only primary psychiatric symptoms are evident. The bibliographic research was made using PubMed and Scielo, and analysis of the electronic patient process. Man of 68 years with a history of hypertension, nephrectomy, splenectomy and left brachial plegia after a car accident. He had been previously seen by a psychiatrist for a 6-month history of depressive symptoms, which had been successfully treated. He later developed new behavioral changes such as heteroaggressiveness, social maladjustment and disfasia, for which he was sent to the emergency room. Brain-CT scan displayed a left front temporal expansive injury. Admitted to the Neurology Department for further diagnostic investigation. Subsequent MRI, detected massive infiltrative lesion with significant mass effect and cystic/necrotic area. The anatomopathology disclosed a glioblastoma grade IV. This case reinforces the importance of carrying a imagiologic workup in cases like this, especially on patients with atypical presentation of psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The myth of mental illness: 50 years later

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Szasz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of

SummaryFifty years ago I noted that modern psychiatry rests on a basic conceptual error – the systematic misinterpretation of unwanted behaviours as the diagnoses of mental illnesses pointing to underlying neurological diseases susceptible to pharmacological treatments. I proposed instead that we view persons called ‘mental patients' as active players in real life dramas, not passive victims of pathophysiological processes outside their control. In this essay, I briefly review the recent history of this culturally validated medicalisation of (mis)behaviours and its social consequences.

scholarly journals Intradural spinal neurocysticercosis: case illustration

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Jorge Balderrama ◽  
Dania Elizabeth Trinidad Arevalo ◽  
Willem Guillermo Calderon-Mirada ◽  
Andrei F. Joaquim ◽  
Alfonso Pacheco-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Clonic Convulsion ◽  
Recurrent Headache ◽  
Spatial Disorientation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larvae of the Taenia solium. Spinal cord involvement is very uncommon. Clinical case: A female patient with a history of NCC presented with chronic and recurrent headache associated with motor and sensory deficit, which develops tonic-clonic convulsion, with spatial disorientation. She also had intracranial hypertension syndrome, meningitis syndrome, and pyramidal sygns suggestive of spinal NCC. Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis usually occurs in developing countries and should be considered as a differential diagnosis of neurological diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are mandatory, as well as education to the community to primary prevention.

scholarly journals The effect of epilepsy control on psychogenic non epileptic seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muaz.A.Ibrahim ◽  
Tasneem.M.F ◽  
Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Abdallah M. Abdallah ◽  
Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Seizure ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. The coexistence of epilepsy and PNES poses a major challenge to neurologists and psychiatrists in the treatment and follow-up care of patients. Methods: 33 Sudanese patients with epilepsy and concomitant psychogenic non epileptic seizure where included in this study and full detailed history of both epilepsy and PNES was obtained. The study was conducted in Daoud charity clinic during the period from May to July 2018Results : Out of 33 patients 19 were males and 14 were females. Seven patients had focal epilepsy, 23 had generalized tonic clonic epilepsy (GTC), 2 had GTC with atypical absent seizure, and one had GTC with myoclonus.Six patients experienced an attack of PNES after more than 1 year of being free of epilepsy, while 9 patients had PNES attack between 3 months to 1 year of the last attack of epilepsy, and 18 patients developed both PNES and epilepsy within less than 3 months.The pattern of presentation of PNES was bizarre movements in 13 patients, abnormal behavior in 9 patients, while 11 patients experienced both bizarre movement and abnormal behavior note that all those 11 patients had GTC epilepsy. Conclusion: Experiencing psychogenic non epileptic seizure (PNES) in patients with coexisting PNES and epilepsy is not affected by the epilepsy free period

scholarly journals I drank too much and now I can’t walk: a case of alcohol-induced dysautonomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Assaker ◽  
Georges El Hasbani ◽  
Arturo Alvarez Antezana ◽  
Jose Vargas Gamarra ◽  
Jose Amaya-Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Underlying Liver Disease ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Dysautonomia is a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, which mediates both sympathetic and parasympathetic functions of the human body. Alcohol has been established to affect the autonomic function through liver injury and accumulation of vasodilators. Alcohol can induce peripheral neurological diseases as well. This case report describes a patient who had a chronic history of alcoholism and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presenting for orthostatic hypotension and peripheral neuropathy without underlying liver disease or other endocrinopathies. Although diabetes mellitus was controlled pharmacologically and risk factors for orthostatic hypotension were managed conservatively, his symptoms did not improve which indicated an alcohol-related autonomic dysfunction, shedding light on one of long-term complications of alcoholism.

The Role of Inflammation in Neurological Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 1485-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Degan ◽  
Raffaele Ornello ◽  
Cindy Tiseo ◽  
Antonio Carolei ◽  
Simona Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Myelin Proteins ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Traditionally neurological diseases have been classified, on the basis of their pathogenesis, into vascular, degenerative, inflammatory and traumatic diseases. Examples of the main inflammatory neurological diseases include multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by an immune-mediated response against myelin proteins, and meningoencephalitis, where the inflammatory response is triggered by infectious agents. However, recent evidence suggests a potential role of inflammatory mechanisms also in neurological conditions not usually categorized as inflammatory, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’ disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and traumatic brain injuries. The activation of glial cells and of complement-mediated pathways, the synthesis of inflammation mediators, and the recruitment of leukocytes are the key elements of secondary inflammatory injury following a wide spectrum of primary brain injuries. A better understanding of the role that inflammatory processes play in the natural history of diseases is essential in order to identify potential therapeutic targets and to develop integrated pharmacological approaches acting at different levels and stages of the diseases.

Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy in Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s770-s771
Author(s):  
E. Yildizhan ◽  
N.B. Tomruk ◽  
M. Dereli ◽  
A. Özdemir ◽  
H. Yıldırım ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Introduction.Pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) deficiency is an inherited condition, in which recovery from anesthetic agents like succinylcholine and mivacurium is slow and complicated with prolonged paralysis of respiratory muscles in susceptible patients. Succinylcholine is used very frequently as a muscle relaxant during the procedure.Objectives.In Bakirkoy research and training hospital for psychiatric and neurological diseases, 24.310 patients were hospitalized for acute conditions and 3490 of these patients were treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 3 years. We present a very rare case that we encountered in our practice; a severe PCHE deficiency case that could have complicated the modified ECT procedure unless necessary precautions were taken.Aims.Detection of PCHE levels of all patients eligible for ECT is part of our pre-ECT assessments procedure, and the case presented here shows the benefits of this method.Methods.The patient is a 29-year-old woman, with a 15 year history of schizophrenia. She was hospitalized for homicidal risk and refusal of treatment. Inadequate clinical response with pharmacological interventions and continuous aggressive excitations directed us to consider ECT.Results.After the detection of PCHE deficiency (PCHE level: 126 U/L), we performed the modified ECT with propophol and rocuronium instead of succinylcholine as usual. Sugammadex 100 mg was used for fastening the recovery. Response to treatment, which is recorded with positive and negative syndrome scale, was good and we completed 9 ECT sessions without complication.Conclusions.Screening for PCHE levels in the pre-ECT assessments is efficacious in order to decrease the complications of the ECT procedure.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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