scholarly journals The myth of mental illness: 50 years later

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Szasz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of

SummaryFifty years ago I noted that modern psychiatry rests on a basic conceptual error – the systematic misinterpretation of unwanted behaviours as the diagnoses of mental illnesses pointing to underlying neurological diseases susceptible to pharmacological treatments. I proposed instead that we view persons called ‘mental patients' as active players in real life dramas, not passive victims of pathophysiological processes outside their control. In this essay, I briefly review the recent history of this culturally validated medicalisation of (mis)behaviours and its social consequences.

scholarly journals Spaces of Wellbeing; A Framework for Tertiary Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tessa Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Maori Health

<p>Generally, one in five New Zealanders experience mental illness. Majority of lifelong mental illnesses begin before the age of 25, presenting a real problem for youth. In 2018, young people of New Zealand called for more help as they rallied outside parliament. The government responded by allocating more money towards student mental health. Yet, employing more counsellors, which is necessary, is not the only way to contribute to an urgent need for a new approach towards supporting mental health and wellbeing.   This research portfolio responded to this complex situation by developing ‘a guide’ for the design of tertiary spaces supportive of wellbeing. One of the most important goals of this work was to align the research closely with user needs and views, therefore research methods involved including students views in more than one phase of development. The work draws on evidence based design, geography, health and architectural theory and the existing wellbeing knowledge. Engagement with the users, observation, experiments and real life interventions were critical in refining a conceptual framework which kept the users at the centre of the process. The outcome of this research was a resource to guide the design of tertiary space for wellbeing, using five intervention points, which could have a positive effect on the student wellbeing if implemented as a system.  New Zealand must shift the current model of mental health care towards more holistic understandings of health, which better incorporates Māori health and wellbeing. Despite New Zealand’s bicultural values, Māori experience significantly higher rates of mental illness. This prompted to design with the same understandings of hauora (health). As a result, the conceptual framework presented a multi-dimensional, interconnected understanding of wellbeing through an integrated framework exploring physical, cultural, social, learning and spiritual environments.   While it is acknowledged that environments can affect our mental health, this is an under researched field requiring motivation to stimulate discussion and change. This research advocates wellbeing as a central focus in the design of our built environments and explores the opportunity for architecture to facilitate our student and national wellbeing goals.</p>

scholarly journals Moral Treatment: Philippe Pinel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sushma. C ◽  
Dr. Meghamala. S. Tavaragi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Demonic Possession ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Modern Psychiatry ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Philippe Pinel a pioneer, a french psychiatrist, a physician, known as father of modern psychiatry, revolutions psychiatric care of patients with mental illness by introducing concept of moral treatment. Pinel rejected the then prevailing popular notion that mental illness was caused by demonic possession and stated that mental disorders could be caused by a variety of factors including psychological or social stress, congenital conditions, or physiological injury, psychological damage, or heredity. Philippe Pinel for the first time in history of psychiatric patients treated them humanly by unchaining patients known as madmen. This historic event was done for first time in Bicêtre Hospital in 1798 a Parisian insane asylum. In this article a brief history of life and work of pioneer Philippe Pinel is mentioned.

A social history of serious mental illness

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-592
Author(s):  
Brendan Daugherty ◽  
Katherine Warburton ◽  
Stephen M. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social History ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reform And Innovation ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

Despite medical, technological, and humanitarian advances, the criminalization of those with serious mental illness continues. This is not an isolated phenomenon. The benefits of treatment reform and innovation are difficult to maintain or sometimes outright harmful. Across time and geography, the care of those with serious mental illness tends towards maltreatment, be it criminalization or other forms of harm. We present a social history of serious mental illness, along with the idea that the treatment of serious mental illness is a Sisyphean task—perpetually pushing a boulder up a hill, only for it to roll down and start again. The history is provided as a basis for deeper reflection of treatment, and treatment reform, of those with serious mental illnesses.

A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Dvoskin ◽  
James L. Knoll ◽  
Mollie Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.

Women with Serious Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Mizock ◽  
Erika Carr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serious Mental Illnesses ◽  
Work Class

Women with Serious Mental Illness: Gender-Sensitive and Recovery-Oriented Care calls attention to a topic and a population that have been overlooked in research and psychotherapy—women with serious mental illnesses (schizophrenia, severe depression, bipolar disorder, and complex post-traumatic stress disorder). The book focuses on the history of mistreatment, marginalization, and oppression women with serious mental illness have encountered, not only from the general public but within the mental health system as well. This book provides an overview of recovery-oriented care for women with serious mental illness—a process of seeking hope, empowerment, and self-determination beyond the effects of mental illness. The authors provide a historical overview of the treatment of women with mental illness, their resilience and recovery experiences, and issues pertaining to relationships, work, class, culture, trauma, and sexuality. This book also offers the new model, the Women’s Empowerment and Recovery-Oriented Care intervention, for working with this population from a gender-sensitive framework. The book is a useful tool for mental health educators and providers and provides case studies, clinical strategies lists, discussion questions, experiential activities, diagrams, and worksheets that can be completed with clients, students, and peers.

A Tendency in Therapeutics

2016 ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Sharp Line ◽  
Modern Psychiatry

In this essay, Winnicott deals with the theory that mental illnesses are disorders of emotional development and that there is no sharp line between mental health and mental illness. He stresses the importance of medical students being informed correctly about the relation of mental illness—both neurosis and psychosis—to normal emotional development. Winnicott states his belief that the best trend in modern psychiatry is inviting mentally ill people to ask for mental hospital treatment early in their illness.

scholarly journals Video Games as Tools for Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Arsa Widitiarsa Utoyo
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Educational Potential

Computer and video games are a channel of evolution and productivity that is most consumed keeping the notice of scholars through a variety of disciplines. In general, computers and video games were ignored by educators. When educators considered the games, they noticed the social consequences of gambling, ignoring the remarkable educational potential of the game. This article looks at the history of educational research games and argues that the perceptive potential of games has been ignored by educators. Current developments in the game, including interactive stories, authoring tools, and digital world collaboration, suggest powerful new opportunities for educational media. Video games are an important part of improving education through its ability to force players to present realistic simulations of real-life situations. The beginning of the proper use of gaming technologies for education and training and there is no need for scientific and engineering methods to create games not only as a more realistic simulation of the physical world but to provide experience Effective learning. This document illustrates building up to date Integration of educational principles and game design into a dialogue between them and defining games that can be integrated based on design, entertainment, and educational features. The work follows a drawing tray that forms part of the framing definition and after selecting categories of design templates, before focusing on user interaction modes, from a pedagogical point of view, given its relevance to end users

Toxoplasma gondii as a prevalent model for a positive history of mental illness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Cimesa
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
History Of

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite, specifically single-celled intracellular protozoa. His presence is recorded in most warm-blooded organisms, and therefore also in humans. T gondii has developed a special brain tropism, so this parasite is closely linked to mental illness. The correlation between T gondii and schizophrenia is at the forefront of research and is supported by many evidence, but further research points to other psychopathologies such as bipolar disorder and depression. The prevalence of T gondi is found in the form of antisocial behavior in which we include aggression as well as the percentage of suicides that are also detected. Toxoplasmosis is a parasite that plays a role in etiopathogenesis because it sabotages the proper functioning of the neurotransmitter, especially dopamine, which is one of the determinants of mental illness because its irregular and disruptive secretion induces abnormal behavior. This paper deals with the demonstration of the connection between T gondii and mental illnesses in order to better understand the pathogenesis of certain mental disorders caused by this parasite, and points to caution and prevention

scholarly journals Psychiatry and the dark side: eugenics, Nazi and Soviet psychiatry

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Luty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
History Of Psychiatry ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thomas Szasz

SummaryPsychiatrist Thomas Szasz fought coercion (compulsory detention) and denied that mental illness existed. Although he was regarded as a maverick, his ideas are much more plausible when one discovers that between 1939 and 1941, up to 100 000 mentally ill people, including 5000 children, were killed in Nazi Germany. In the course of the Nazi regime, over 400 000 forced sterilisations took place, mainly of people with mental illnesses. Other countries, including Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, had active forced sterilisation programmes and eugenics laws. Similar laws were implemented in the USA, with up to 25 000 forced sterilisations. These atrocities were enabled and facilitated by psychiatrists of the time and are only one example of the dark side of the profession. This article reviews some of these aspects of the history of psychiatry, including Germany's eugenics programme and the former USSR's detention of dissidents under the guise of psychiatric treatment.

‘The present state and statistical observation of mental patients under home custody’, by Kure Shūzō and Kashida Gorō (1918)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-256
Author(s):  
Akira Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Present State ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Traditional Healing ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Mental Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Healing Practices

This text, dealing with the private confinement of the mentally ill at home, or shitaku kanchi, has often been referred to as a ‘classic text’ in the history of Japanese psychiatry. Shitaku kanchi was one of the most prevalent methods of treating mental disorders in early twentieth-century Japan. Under the guidance of Kure Shūzō (1865–1932), Kure’s assistants at Tokyo University inspected a total of 364 rooms of shitaku kanchi across Japan between 1910 and 1916. This text was published as their final report in 1918. The text also refers to traditional healing practices for mental illnesses found throughout the country. Its abundant descriptions aroused the interest of experts of various disciplines.

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