scholarly journals Genetic Variation in the Neuropeptide Y Gene Promoter Is Associated with Increased Risk of Tobacco Smoking

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Mutschler ◽  
Elvira Abbruzzese ◽  
Christoph von der Goltz ◽  
Christina Dinter ◽  
Arian Mobascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Increased Risk

Genetic variation in NFE2L2 and SEPS1S associated with increased risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana R Santos ◽  
Cecila Duraes ◽  
Ana Pestana ◽  
Cesar Esteves ◽  
Celestino Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Increased Risk

Fas gene promoter –670 polymorphism in gynecological cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ueda ◽  
Y. Terai ◽  
K. Kanda ◽  
M. Kanemura ◽  
M. Takehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germ Line Polymorphism

Single-nucleotide polymorphism at −670 of Fas gene promoter (A/G) was examined in a total of 354 blood samples from normal healthy women and gynecological cancer patients. They consisted of 95 normal, 83 cervical, 108 endometrial, and 68 ovarian cancer cases. Eighty-three patients with cervical cancer had statistically higher frequency of GG genotype and G allele than 95 controls (P= 0.0353 and 0.0278, respectively). There was no significant difference in the genotype or allele prevalence between control subjects and endometrial or ovarian cancer patients. The Fas −670 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.10) compared with the AA genotype. The G allele also increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05–2.43) compared with the A allele. Germ-line polymorphism of Fas gene promoter −670 may be associated with the risk of cervical cancer in a Japanese population.

scholarly journals AB1326-HPR TOBACCO ADDICTION IN PEOPLE WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS – FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1952.2-1952
Author(s):  
B. A. Esbensen ◽  
I. K. Roelsgaard ◽  
S. K. Larsen ◽  
T. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

Background:Smoking is one of the most significant modifiable exosomes risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1). Studies suggest that 25-30% of people with RA in Denmark smoke (2). This is almost twice as many as in the background population in Denmark. People with RA have a significant increased risk of severe comorbidity including cardiovascular disease. In addition, there are indications that smokers with RA have a poorer effect of the medical inflammatory treatment compared to non-smokers, and consequently more difficult to achieve remission of the disease activity (3). Tobacco addiction is complex and can be a challenge in smoking cessation. In addition to physiological dependence, habits and social and environmental factors may influence addiction. Tobacco smoking is associated with an addiction to nicotine and it is unexplored how this addiction appears in people with RA.Objectives:The aim of this study was to examine from the patient’s perspective how tobacco addiction appears in people with rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:We conducted a qualitative study based on a hermeneutics approach. People with RA who previously had participated in a randomized controlled study (4) about smoking cessation conducted at the Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases at Rigshospitalet, Denmark were recruited for semi-structured interviews.Results:In total, 12 people with RA (50% female) were included in the study. The median age was 62 years and median RA disease duration was 12 years. The degree of physical dependence measured by Fagerströms Test for Nicotine dependence (FTND) was on average: 4.9 (score: 0-10, 0=nonphysical dependence).Three categories of how tobacco addiction appeared emerged during the analysis: 1)It develops into ingrown habitsreferring to the fact that smoking already in adolescence contributes to the development of specific physical, mental and social smoking behavior. Not all individuals considered themselves addicted to nicotine as they did not necessarily connect the nicotine to the ingrown habits. 2)The body craves for nicotinereferring to nicotine proved calming, while a lacking or insufficient dose caused withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, smoking became a habit where a craving for smoking occurred in certain situations. 3)Ambivalence – for and againstreferring to the physical dependence and smoking habits making a smoking cessation difficult. Dependency to nicotine and challenges to quit smoking led to a feeling of ambivalence and a lack of control.Conclusion:Tobacco addiction appeared as a physical dependence and a habit, which, during a smoking cessation, led to ambivalent feelings. Therefore, based on this study, there is still a need for health professionals to talk to patients about smoking. But also, a need to articulate the complexity of addiction in order to support for smoking cessations. Information should be strengthened in the clinical practice in relation to nicotine’s implication in tobacco addiction as well as the consequences of tobacco smoking for individuals with RA.References:[1]Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW. Lancet. 2010 ###[2]Loppenthin K, Esbensen BA, Jennum P, Ostergaard M, Tolver A, Thomsen T, et al. Clin Rheumatol. 2015. ###[3]Roelsgaard IK, Ikdahl E, Rollefstad S, Wibetoe G, Esbensen BA, Kitas GD, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2019. ###[4]Roelsgaard IK, Thomsen T, Ostergaard M, Christensen R, Hetland ML, Jacobsen S, et al. Trials. 2017;18(1):570.###Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Other Multiple Sclerosis Environmental Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuha M. Alkhawajah ◽  
Salman Aljarallah ◽  
Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb ◽  
Mohammad Osama Almohaini ◽  
Taim A. Muayqil
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction There are a number of well-established risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Other factors however, showed conflicting or non-consistent results. Here we examine some factors that are unique to or more practiced in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the Arab region such as waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), face veiling, raw milk (RM), and camel milk (CM) consumption, tuberculosis (TB) infection in addition to other traditional factors. Methods This is a sex and age matched case-control study in which we used a structured questionnaire to examine the relation between a number of factors and exposures and the risk of MS. Three hundred MS patients and 601 controls were included. Data was analyzed across different statistical models using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, marital status, duration of breastfeeding, age first joining school, coffee consumption, and face exposure. Results Cigarette smoking [OR = 1.79, (95% CI 1.01-3.17), P =0.047)], WTS [OR = 2.25, (95% CI 1.21-4.15), P =0.010)], and CM consumption [OR = 2.50, (95% CI 1.20-5.21), P =0.014)] increased the risk of MS. While performing hajj [OR = 0.47, (95% CI 0.34-0.67), P =0.001)], TB infection [OR = 0.29, (95% CI 0.11-0.78), P =0.015)], face veiling [OR = 0.32, (95% CI 0.23-0.47), P =0.001)] and coffee consumption [OR =0.67, (95% CI 0.49-0.89), P =0.008)], appeared to be associated with decreased risk. No association was found between fast food, processed meat, soft drinks, animal milk (other than camel) or RM consumption and the risk of MS. Conclusion The results of this case-control study confirm that different means of tobacco smoking are associated with increased risk of MS. It also sheds more light on the complex association between infections and MS.

Genetic Variation in Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Gene Is Associated with Asthma and Asthma Severity.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Aldrich ◽  
JR Rodriguez-Santana ◽  
W Rodriguez-Cintron ◽  
K Beckman ◽  
C Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Asthma Severity

The Context of Genetic Testing in Clinical Psychiatric Practice

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (S3) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Mrazek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Medication Selection

AbstractAlthough most patients with depression ultimately respond to antidepressant therapy, >50% have inadequate response to an individual antidepressant trial. The desire to avoid adverse drug reactions is common among patients, and is an important determinant of drug selection among psychiatrists. However, since the major classes of antidepressants and antipsychotics appear to be comparable in efficacy, clinicians have little basis for selecting the most effective agent for an individual patient. Pharmacogenetics, often described as the study of genetic variation that explains differential response to medication, represents an important new avenue toward improving treatment outcomes. Genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes has been recognized for decades. The main focus of current psychiatric pharmacogenetic testing is on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and, to a somewhat lesser extent, on the 2C19 genes. Data suggest that poor metabolizer status can be associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions with certain medications, and that ultra-rapid metabolizers may require higher-than-usual doses to achieve a therapeutic response. The importance of CYP enzymes in the metabolism of several antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs suggest that genetic variation may aid in medication selection or dosing. Advances in pharmacogenetic research may facilitate the development of personalized medicine in which genetic information can inform drug selection, leading to optimal drug effectiveness and minimal drug toxicity.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in the Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin and Glucocorticoid Receptor Genes in the Ovine Fetus after Periconceptional Undernutrition

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (8) ◽  
pp. 3652-3664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Stevens ◽  
Ghazala Begum ◽  
Alice Cook ◽  
Kristin Connor ◽  
Christopher Rumball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Pomc Gene ◽  
Altered Regulation

Maternal food restriction is associated with the development of obesity in offspring. This study examined how maternal undernutrition in sheep affects the fetal hypothalamic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the appetite-regulating neuropeptides, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y, which it regulates. In fetuses from ewes undernourished from −60 to +30 d around conception, there was increased histone H3K9 acetylation (1.63-fold) and marked hypomethylation (62% decrease) of the POMC gene promoter but no change in POMC expression. In the same group, acetylation of histone H3K9 associated with the hypothalamic GR gene was increased 1.60-fold and the GR promoter region was hypomethylated (53% decrease). In addition, there was a 4.7-fold increase in hypothalamic GR expression but no change in methylation of GR gene expression in the anterior pituitary or hippocampus. Interestingly, hypomethylation of both POMC and GR promoter markers in fetal hypothalami was also identified after maternal undernutrition from −60 to 0 d and −2 to +30 d. In comparison, the Oct4 gene, was hypermethylated in both control and underfed groups. Periconceptional undernutrition is therefore associated with marked epigenetic changes in hypothalamic genes. Increase in GR expression in the undernourished group may contribute to fetal programming of a predisposition to obesity, via altered GR regulation of POMC and neuropeptide Y. These epigenetic changes in GR and POMC in the hypothalamus may also predispose the offspring to altered regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis later in life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document