Does the Obesity Survival Paradox of Dialysis Patients Differ with Age?

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Calabia ◽  
Emma Arcos ◽  
Juan Jesús Carrero ◽  
Jordi Comas ◽  
Martí Vallés
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The obesity paradox of hemodialysis patients (the association between obesity and survival) could be modified by age. We hypothesize that whereas obesity associates with survival in elderly patients, it behaves as a mortality risk marker in younger individuals. Methods: Retrospective study of 2002-2010 adult incident hemodialysis to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and annual body weight changes with mortality in different age strata. Results: Included in the study were 6,290 individuals. A progressive decrease in mortality was associated with increasing BMI ranges. Both annual body weight gains and losses were associated with mortality. Similar results were observed in elderly individuals, but in the BMI values of young patients, there were no significant differences in mortality. Conclusion: There is a survival benefit with increasing BMI in patients overall. However, while these results persist in patients >65 years, in young people there are no changes in mortality. Patients with the highest inter-annual variability in weight have an increased risk.

Changes in scaling of respiratory systems during the development of fishes

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hughes ◽  
N. K. Al-Kadhomiy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exchange Surface ◽  
Respiratory Area

Relationships between respiratory area, oxygen consumption, and body mass have been examined during the development of water- and air-breathing fish. It is concluded that there is at least one stage at which the slope of the relationship between log gill area and log body weight changes during fish development. This usually occurs in the weight range 0.05–1.0 g and is often associated with a distinct metamorphosis, but no common functional significance can be attached to them. However, the change in slope does not appear to be associated with a comparable inflexion in the corresponding relationship between body mass and oxygen consumption (routine). It seems probable that other surfaces are important during these transitions and that the total gas-exchange surface of the fish shows a more constant change throughout the life history. Further analyses of a wider range of species is required to test this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida V. Valeeva ◽  
Mariya S. Medvedeva ◽  
Kamilya B. Khasanova ◽  
Elena V. Valeeva ◽  
Tatyana A. Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including rs17782313 MC4R, rs1801282 PPARG, and rs7903146 TCF7L2. Knowledge of the association between these SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Methods and Results: From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7±14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of rs17782313 MC4R, rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1801282 PPARG were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR=1.46, p=0.05 and OR=2.47, p=0.006, respectively). PPARG СС homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R ТТ homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p<0.05).Conclusions: We confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk. The obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency.

scholarly journals On the relationship between sweet taste and seasonal body weight changes in a primate (Microcebus murinus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hellekant ◽  
C.M. Hladik ◽  
V. Dennys ◽  
B. Simmen ◽  
T.W. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Microcebus Murinus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
The Relationship

Pre-lambing supplementation of gadic ewes in western Afghanistan

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
I. D. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Sheep Production

SummaryA survey of sheep production was undertaken in rangeland areas of western Afghanistan to provide basic information of ewe body-weight changes throughout the year and on production variables, including mortality and lambing performance. Ewes lost up to 31% of body weight between December and March and mortality over the same period was 7%. On the basis of the results of this survey, an experiment was made to test the effect on lambing performance of pre-lambing supplementation of range-based ewes.Supplementation reduced weight losses in ewes, but the feeding treatments did not produce significant results in terms of lamb birth weights or survival to 10 days. However, there were indications that selective feeding of weak ewes can produce economic benefits, given that the costs of supervising such animals are minimal and the price of grain supplements is low relative to the price of meat.

Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Baquerizo-Sedano ◽  
J.A. Chaquila ◽  
Luis Aguilar ◽  
J.M. Ordovás ◽  
Pedro González-Muniesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

scholarly journals Secretogranin II binds to secretogranin III and forms secretory granules with orexin, neuropeptide Y, and POMC

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Hotta ◽  
Masahiro Hosaka ◽  
Atsushi Tanabe ◽  
Toshiyuki Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Secretogranin Ii

Functional variations in the secretogranin III (SCG3) gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity. SCG3 forms secretory granules with orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and POMC in the hypothalamus. In this study, we screened proteins for SCG3-binding activity and identified secretogranin II (SCG2) using a yeast two-hybrid system. Immunoprecipitation revealed that SCG2 interacts with SCG3. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that SCG2 was highly expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SCG2 was expressed in orexin-, MCH-, NPY-, and POMC-expressing neurons. SCG2 was also coexpressed with SCG3. Upon introduction into neuroblastoma cells, SCG2 was expressed in the cytosol and formed granule-like structures with SCG3, orexin, NPY, or POMC. SCG3 bound to POMC; however, it did not bind to orexin, MCH, or NPY. By contrast, SCG2 formed aggregates with orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC. SCG2 may act as a hormone carrier for orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC by binding with SCG3, which targets proteins to the secretory granules. SCG2 mRNA levels increased along with those of SCG3, orexin, MCH, and NPY after a 24-h fast, suggesting that the SCG2/SCG3 system may respond in an adaptive manner to acute body weight changes. However, this SCG2/SCG3 system appears to be unresponsive to chronic body weight changes, such as diet-induced obesity or obesity in ob/ob mice. We suggest that SCG2, as well as SCG3, may be a potential regulator of food intake based on its capacity to accumulate appetite-related hormones into secretory granules.

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