Changes in scaling of respiratory systems during the development of fishes

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hughes ◽  
N. K. Al-Kadhomiy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Gill Area ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exchange Surface ◽  
Respiratory Area

Relationships between respiratory area, oxygen consumption, and body mass have been examined during the development of water- and air-breathing fish. It is concluded that there is at least one stage at which the slope of the relationship between log gill area and log body weight changes during fish development. This usually occurs in the weight range 0.05–1.0 g and is often associated with a distinct metamorphosis, but no common functional significance can be attached to them. However, the change in slope does not appear to be associated with a comparable inflexion in the corresponding relationship between body mass and oxygen consumption (routine). It seems probable that other surfaces are important during these transitions and that the total gas-exchange surface of the fish shows a more constant change throughout the life history. Further analyses of a wider range of species is required to test this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Modification in body weight associated with antiepileptic drugs

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla N. De Gaspari ◽  
Carlos A.M. Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Antiepileptic drugs (AED) may cause body weight changes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary habits and body weight associated with AED in epileptic patients. METHOD: Sixty-six patients were subjected to two interviews, and had their weight and body mass index calculated and compared at both times, interval between six to eight months. RESULTS: It was observed that 59.1% showed weight gain. The patients who had no weight gain had a greater proportion of individuals who engaged in some form of physical activity. However, of the 45 patients who maintained their initial dietary and medication pattern, 75.6% recorded a weight gain. Weight gain was seen in 66.7% of patients on carbamazepine (n=18), 60% on valproate (n=5), 50% on carbamazepine+clobazam treatment (n=14), and 58.3% of patients on other(s) polytherapy (n=12). CONCLUSION: The patient should be alerted to possible weight gain, and should be advised about dieting and participating in regular physical activity.

scholarly journals On the relationship between sweet taste and seasonal body weight changes in a primate (Microcebus murinus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hellekant ◽  
C.M. Hladik ◽  
V. Dennys ◽  
B. Simmen ◽  
T.W. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Microcebus Murinus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Correlation between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Function in Euthyroid Individuals in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Milionis ◽  
Charalampos Milionis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
The Relationship

Although the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on body weight have been clearly demonstrated, there is no sufficient data on the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and minor differences within the normal range of thyroid function. The present study aims to investigate the relationship of fluctuations of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones with BMI in euthyroid subjects. The study included 736 euthyroid healthy individuals of known age, weight, height, and biochemical picture of the thyroid function. Individuals were classified according to BMI and thyroid hormones’ values. The variations of normal thyroid function in euthyroid individuals were associated with body weight changes. A statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and thyroid function in women was found, while in men the correlation was not statistically significant. The alterations in thyroid function are mainly primary, while changes in body weight are secondary. The reason may be simple or multifactorial, and the biological mechanism is not completely known. Finally, the thyroid function disorders in conjunction with the strong influence of various environmental factors can increase body weight and lead to obesity.

Does the Obesity Survival Paradox of Dialysis Patients Differ with Age?

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Calabia ◽  
Emma Arcos ◽  
Juan Jesús Carrero ◽  
Jordi Comas ◽  
Martí Vallés
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The obesity paradox of hemodialysis patients (the association between obesity and survival) could be modified by age. We hypothesize that whereas obesity associates with survival in elderly patients, it behaves as a mortality risk marker in younger individuals. Methods: Retrospective study of 2002-2010 adult incident hemodialysis to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and annual body weight changes with mortality in different age strata. Results: Included in the study were 6,290 individuals. A progressive decrease in mortality was associated with increasing BMI ranges. Both annual body weight gains and losses were associated with mortality. Similar results were observed in elderly individuals, but in the BMI values of young patients, there were no significant differences in mortality. Conclusion: There is a survival benefit with increasing BMI in patients overall. However, while these results persist in patients >65 years, in young people there are no changes in mortality. Patients with the highest inter-annual variability in weight have an increased risk.

Pre-lambing supplementation of gadic ewes in western Afghanistan

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
I. D. McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Sheep Production

SummaryA survey of sheep production was undertaken in rangeland areas of western Afghanistan to provide basic information of ewe body-weight changes throughout the year and on production variables, including mortality and lambing performance. Ewes lost up to 31% of body weight between December and March and mortality over the same period was 7%. On the basis of the results of this survey, an experiment was made to test the effect on lambing performance of pre-lambing supplementation of range-based ewes.Supplementation reduced weight losses in ewes, but the feeding treatments did not produce significant results in terms of lamb birth weights or survival to 10 days. However, there were indications that selective feeding of weak ewes can produce economic benefits, given that the costs of supervising such animals are minimal and the price of grain supplements is low relative to the price of meat.

Anti-COVID-19 measures threaten our healthy body weight: Changes in sleep and external synchronizers of circadian clocks during confinement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Baquerizo-Sedano ◽  
J.A. Chaquila ◽  
Luis Aguilar ◽  
J.M. Ordovás ◽  
Pedro González-Muniesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

scholarly journals Secretogranin II binds to secretogranin III and forms secretory granules with orexin, neuropeptide Y, and POMC

2009 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuko Hotta ◽  
Masahiro Hosaka ◽  
Atsushi Tanabe ◽  
Toshiyuki Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Secretogranin Ii

Functional variations in the secretogranin III (SCG3) gene are associated with susceptibility to obesity. SCG3 forms secretory granules with orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and POMC in the hypothalamus. In this study, we screened proteins for SCG3-binding activity and identified secretogranin II (SCG2) using a yeast two-hybrid system. Immunoprecipitation revealed that SCG2 interacts with SCG3. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry indicated that SCG2 was highly expressed in the lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Double-labeling immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SCG2 was expressed in orexin-, MCH-, NPY-, and POMC-expressing neurons. SCG2 was also coexpressed with SCG3. Upon introduction into neuroblastoma cells, SCG2 was expressed in the cytosol and formed granule-like structures with SCG3, orexin, NPY, or POMC. SCG3 bound to POMC; however, it did not bind to orexin, MCH, or NPY. By contrast, SCG2 formed aggregates with orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC. SCG2 may act as a hormone carrier for orexin, MCH, NPY, and POMC by binding with SCG3, which targets proteins to the secretory granules. SCG2 mRNA levels increased along with those of SCG3, orexin, MCH, and NPY after a 24-h fast, suggesting that the SCG2/SCG3 system may respond in an adaptive manner to acute body weight changes. However, this SCG2/SCG3 system appears to be unresponsive to chronic body weight changes, such as diet-induced obesity or obesity in ob/ob mice. We suggest that SCG2, as well as SCG3, may be a potential regulator of food intake based on its capacity to accumulate appetite-related hormones into secretory granules.

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