A Comparison of Fatty Acids from High Levels of Docosenoic Acids of Rapeseed Oil (Erucic Acid) and of Partially Hydrogenated Fish Oil (Primarily Cetoleic Acid) in a Non-Human Primate Species in a Short-Term Exploratory Study

Long-term fish oil (FO) supplementation is able to improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We aimed to determine the impact of short-term fish oil (FO) intake on phospholipids composition and plaque pathology in 5xFAD mice, a widely used animal model of AD. A 3-week-long FO supplementation administered at 3 months of age decreased the number of dense core plaques in the 5xFAD cortex and changed phospholipids in the livers and brains of wild-type (Wt) and 5xFAD mice. Livers of both genotypes responded by increase of n-3 and reciprocal decrease of n-6 fatty acids. In Wt brains, FO supplementation induced elevation of n-3 fatty acids and subsequent enhancement of n-6/n-3 ratio. However, in 5xFAD brains the improved n-6/n-3 ratio was mainly due to FO-induced decrease in arachidonic and adrenic n-6 fatty acids. Also, brain and liver abundance of n-3 fatty acids were strongly correlated in Wts, oppositely to 5xFADs where significant brain-liver correlation exists only for n-6 fatty acids. Expression of omega-3 transporter Mfs2a remained unchanged after FO supplementation. We have demonstrated that even a short-term FO intake improves the phospholipid composition and has a significant effect on plaque burden in 5xFAD brains when applied in early stages of AD pathology.

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THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH AND LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OILS ON THE PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS AND ON THE LIPID FRACTION OF EGG YOLK

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-055 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 403-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. VOGTMANN ◽

D. R. CLANDININ ◽

R. T. HARDIN

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Erucic Acid ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Low Erucic Acid

The effects of including 5 or 15% of high (regular) and low (Span) erucic acid rapeseed oils or soybean oil on productive performance, total lipid and fatty acid content of egg yolk, and distribution of fatty acids in egg yolk fat were studied. Feed intake varied according to the dietary energy content. However, 15% high erucic acid rapeseed oil decreased feed intake and egg production in comparison with 15% low erucic acid rapeseed oil or soybean oil. Hens receiving rations containing soybean oil produced larger eggs in the treatment than in the pre-treatment period. Five percent regular rapeseed oil in the diet led to a small increase in egg weight, whereas inclusion of 15% regular rapeseed oil in the diet led to a decrease in egg weight. Diets containing the Span oil gave intermediate results. Although the total lipid and total fatty acid content in egg yolk remained constant, the fatty acid composition changed significantly with the experimental diets. The concentration of saturated fatty acids in eggs produced by hens fed diets containing the regular rapeseed oil or low erucic acid rapeseed oil (Span oil) decreased only to a small extent and not in proportion to the amount of these fatty acids present in the diets; but the oleic acid concentration in eggs produced by the hens fed diets containing the rapeseed oil was high. Only 0.2% of erucic acid was found in eggs when 15% regular rapeseed oil was fed to laying hens. The laying hen seems to be able to maintain the level of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in yolk lipids in a physiological range. The results indicate that in the laying hen, a partial degradation of erucic acid to gadoleic acid and oleic acid takes place.

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GROWTH, CARDIOPATHOLOGY AND CARDIAC FATTY ACIDS OF SWINE FED DIETS CONTAINING SOYBEAN OIL OR LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED OIL

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas75-007 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

D. W. FRIEND ◽

J. K. G. KRAMER ◽

F. D. SAUER ◽

A. H. CORNER ◽

K. M. CHARLTON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Erucic Acid ◽

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Control Diet ◽

Myocardial Necrosis ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography

One hundred and eighty weaner pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments comprising a control with no added oil and the control with either soybean oil or rapeseed oil (Brassica campestris cv. Span) each at 10 and 20% of the diet. Postmortem examinations were conducted on equal numbers of boars and gilts at the beginning of the experiment, as initial controls, and after 1, 4 and 16 wk on the experimental diets. When fed for 1 to 4 wk, the higher level of both oils reduced (P < 0.05) body weight gain but from 4 to 16 wk, differences were not significant for any of the diets. Consumption of the control diet exceeded (P < 0.05) that of any other diet, but pigs fed the oil diets showed improved (P < 0.01) feed efficiency. Minute focal interstitial infiltrations of mononuclear cells were present in the myocardium of some pigs in each dietary treatment and also in the initial controls. Foci of overt myocardial necrosis were not seen. Oil red 0 stained sections revealed traces of myocardial fat accumulation which occurred more frequently in pigs fed the high oil diets. In a second experiment, 24 weaner boar pigs were fed the control and the 10% Span oil diets. Two pigs from each treatment were killed on each of days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. Total fat was extracted from the heart of each pig and methyl esters determined by gas–liquid chromatography. There was no significant (P = 0.05) difference in percent fat of dry matter between pigs fed the control and the 10% Span diet. The proportions of the major fatty acids were similar between diets. Erucic acid and linolenic acid were present in the cardiac lipid of all control pigs, but to a significantly (P < 0.01) lesser degree than for pigs fed the Span diet. The level of arachidonic acid, for both groups of pigs, declined (P < 0.05) progressively with the duration (days) of feeding.

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