scholarly journals Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Appear Not to Be Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Later in Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien N.H. Abheiden ◽  
Rebecca van Doornik ◽  
Annet M. Aukes ◽  
Wiesje M. van der Flier ◽  
Philip Scheltens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Background: After hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, more subjective cognitive complaints and white matter lesions are reported compared to women after normal pregnancies. Both have a causal relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aim: To investigate if women whose pregnancy was complicated by hypertensive disorders have an increased risk of AD. Methods: A case-control study in women with AD from the Alzheimer Center of the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam and women without AD. Paper and telephone surveys were performed. Results: The response rate was 85.2%. No relation between women with (n = 104) and without AD (n = 129) reporting pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders (p = 0.11) was found. Women with early-onset AD reported hypertensive disorders of pregnancy more often (p = 0.02) compared to women with late-onset AD. Conclusion: A reported history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy appears not to be associated with AD later in life.

scholarly journals Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and other related dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 653-653
Author(s):  
Karen Schliep ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Joanne Tschanz ◽  
Jennifer Majersik ◽  
Julio Facelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Population Database ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dementia Subtype

Abstract Several recent studies have examined whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other related dementias (RD) with conflicting findings. Limitations to prior studies include lack of assessing risk by dementia subtype, inadequate sample sizes, and not fully exploring the role of mid-life factors. We performed a retrospective matched cohort study among women with >1 singleton pregnancy (1939–2013) using the Utah Population Database. HDP-exposed women (n=19,989) were one-to-two matched with unexposed women (n=39,679) by 5-year age groups, year of childbirth (within 1 year), and parity (1, 2, 3, 4, ≥5) at the time of the pregnancy. HDP pregnancies were complicated by preeclampsia (62%), gestational hypertension (34%), and eclampsia (4%). Women with a history of HDP had a higher hazard of all-cause dementia (HR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.50) compared to women without a history of HDP after adjustment for maternal age, year of childbirth, and parity. The hazard doubled after additionally accounting for pre-pregnancy BMI (HR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.24, 4.32). Stratifying by dementia subtype, we found HDP to be associated with a higher hazard of vascular dementia (HR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.26) and other related dementia (HR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.65) but not Alzheimer’s disease (HR=1.04; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.24) after accounting for competing risks. Mid-life hypertension and stroke were found to have the greatest mid-life impact, mediating 43% and 41% of dementia risk, respectively, highlighting women who may most benefit from close surveillance and early preventive and clinical interventions.

scholarly journals Could Altered Evoked Pain Responsiveness Be a Phenotypic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitively Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Romano ◽  
Michael A. Carter ◽  
Mary S. Dietrich ◽  
Ronald L. Cowan ◽  
Stephen P. Bruehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pain Stimuli ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: This study evaluated whether the apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE4) allele, a genetic marker associated with increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was associated with differences in evoked pain responsiveness in cognitively healthy subjects. Objective: The aim was to determine whether individuals at increased risk of late-onset AD based on APOE allele genotype differ phenotypically in their response to experimentally-induced painful stimuli compared to those who do not have at least one copy of the ɛ4 allele. Methods: Forty-nine cognitively healthy subjects aged 30–89 years old with the APOE4 allele (n = 12) and without (n = 37) were assessed for group differences in pain thresholds and affective (unpleasantness) responses to experimentally-induced thermal pain stimuli. Results: Statistically significant main effects of APOE4 status were observed for both the temperature at which three different pain intensity percepts were reached (p = 0.040) and the level of unpleasantness associated with each (p = 0.014). APOE4 positive participants displayed lower overall pain sensitivity than those who were APOE4 negative and also greater overall levels of pain unpleasantness regardless of intensity level. Conclusion: Cognitively healthy APOE4 carriers at increased risk of late-onset AD demonstrated reduced thermal pain sensitivity but greater unpleasantness to thermal pain stimuli relative to individuals at lower risk of late-onset AD. These results suggest that altered evoked pain perception could potentially be used as a phenotypic biomarker of late-onset AD risk prior to disease onset. Additional studies of this issue may be warranted.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Increases The Risk of Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Ultrastructural Remodeling of the Neurovascular Unit and Diabetic Gliopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease–dementia (LOAD) are increasing in global prevalence and current predictions indicate they will only increase over the coming decades. These increases may be a result of the concurrent increases of obesity and aging. T2DM is associated with cognitive impairments and metabolic factors, which increase the cellular vulnerability to develop an increased risk of age-related LOAD. This review addresses possible mechanisms due to obesity, aging, multiple intersections between T2DM and LOAD and mechanisms for the continuum of progression. Multiple ultrastructural images in female diabetic db/db models are utilized to demonstrate marked cellular remodeling changes of mural and glia cells and provide for the discussion of functional changes in T2DM. Throughout this review multiple endeavors to demonstrate how T2DM increases the vulnerability of the brain’s neurovascular unit (NVU), neuroglia and neurons are presented. Five major intersecting links are considered: i. Aging (chronic age-related diseases); ii. metabolic (hyperglycemia advanced glycation end products and its receptor (AGE/RAGE) interactions and hyperinsulinemia-insulin resistance (a linking linchpin); iii. oxidative stress (reactive oxygen–nitrogen species); iv. inflammation (peripheral macrophage and central brain microglia); v. vascular (macrovascular accelerated atherosclerosis—vascular stiffening and microvascular NVU/neuroglial remodeling) with resulting impaired cerebral blood flow.

Survival in Subcortical Vascular Dementia: Predictors and Comparison to Probable Alzheimer's Disease in a Tertiary Memory Clinic Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Hun Kim ◽  
Seok Min Go ◽  
Sang Won Seo ◽  
Suk Hui Kim ◽  
Juhee Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Subcortical Vascular Dementia ◽  
History Of

Background: Subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) is one of the most common dementias, after Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Few survival analyses in SVaD patients have been reported. Methods: The dates and causes of death of 146 SVaD and 725 AD patients were included. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to compare survival between SVaD and AD patients and to explore possible factors related to survival of SVaD patients. Results: The median survival time after the onset of SVaD (109 months) was shorter than that recorded for AD (152 months). The most common cause of death in SVaD was stroke (47.1%). Factors associated with shorter survival in SVaD were late onset, male sex, worse baseline cognition, absence of hypertension and a family history of stroke. Conclusions: Stroke prevention may be important in SVaD treatment because 47.1% of SVaD patients died of stroke. A family history of stroke and absence of hypertension were associated with a shorter survival in SVaD, suggesting the existence of genetic or unknown risk factors.

Need for Increased Promotion of Physical Activity Among Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Brief Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Not At Risk

Background:We have a limited understanding of the physical activity (PA) and sedentary levels among individuals at risk and not at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which was the purpose of this study.Methods:Data from the 2003–2004 NHANES were used, from which 3015 participants were evaluated with 416 indicating a family history of AD. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry with individuals at risk for AD self-reporting a family history of AD.Results:For the entire sample, those at risk for AD engaged in more sedentary behavior than those not at risk (494.9 vs. 477.9 min/day, P = .03, respectively). Similarly, those at risk for AD engaged in less total MVPA than those not at risk (22.4 vs. 24.3 min/day, P = .05, respectively). Results were also significant for various subgroups at risk for AD.Conclusion:Despite the beneficial effects of PA in preventing AD and prolonging the survival of AD, adults at risk for AD tend to engage in more sedentary behavior and less PA than those not at risk for AD. This finding even persisted among minorities (Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks) who are already at an increased risk of developing AD.

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