scholarly journals Coronavirus Infections in the Central Nervous System and Respiratory Tract Show Distinct Features in Hospitalized Children

Intervirology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Haipeng Li ◽  
Ruyan Fan ◽  
Bo Wen ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

scholarly journals PGRMC1 Exerts Its Function of Anti-Influenza Virus in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Huang ◽  
Yufei Zhang ◽  
Wenxiao Gong ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Lili Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Central nervous system (CNS) disease is one of the most common extra-respiratory tract complications of influenza A virus (IAV) infections. However, there is still little knowledge about IAV regulating host responses in brain.

scholarly journals Radiology of the central nervous system of patients in the acute phase of СOVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
T. N. Trofimova ◽  
P. L. Andropova ◽  
Zh. I. Savintseva ◽  
N. A. Belyakov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

This article, being based on the analysis of literature and the author’s own materials, outlines the features of the lesion of the central nervous system in a new coronavirus infection. The main idea is that despite the primary damage to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to a number of signs as neurotropic viruses, which is ultimately realized by the transport of the pathogen COVID-19 from the place of primary localization — the respiratory tract to the human brain. The virus is capable of hitting all possible pathways of being transferred through tissues and within a short time appears in the brain, interacting with ACE2 receptors and co-receptors, which are expressed in almost all brain cells, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes, which carry out the main functional tasks of the brain. The clinical part is devoted to radiation diagnosis of lesions of the nervous system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Analysis of the literature has made it possible to identify radiation variants of CNS lesions in COVID-19, illustrating the main clinical manifestations of the disease. There are several main clinical and morphological variants of CNS damage in COVID-19 1: acute ischemic stroke, acute encephalopathy, due to massive diffuse damage to the endothelium against the background of vasculitis / endotheliitis, occurring both with and without signs of cerebral artery thrombosis, hemorrhages, primarily of the type of small petechiae, polyetiologic in nature (endothelial damage, acute hypoxia, microembolism). In addition, hemorrhages can be a consequence of venous infarction against the background of sinus thrombosis. Radiological methods can diagnose multi-step lesions of the supra- and subtentorial white matter, vasculitis, in particular Susak’s syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy — PRES, leukoencephalopathy, delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy, Miller–Fischer’s polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome), syndrome.

scholarly journals Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Desforges ◽  
Alain Le Coupanec ◽  
Philippe Dubeau ◽  
Andréanne Bourgouin ◽  
Louise Lajoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. Furthermore, as they can adapt fast and cross the species barrier, some of these pathogens, like influenza A and SARS-CoV, have occasionally caused epidemics or pandemics, and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. For a few decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that several respiratory viruses have neuroinvasive capacities, since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Viruses infecting human CNS cells could then cause different types of encephalopathy, including encephalitis, and long-term neurological diseases. Like other well-recognized neuroinvasive human viruses, respiratory viruses may damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuro-immunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly causes damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). The etiological agent of several neurological disorders remains unidentified. Opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of these disorders whose etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present a global portrait of some of the most prevalent or emerging human respiratory viruses that have been associated with possible pathogenic processes in CNS infection, with a special emphasis on human coronaviruses.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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