scholarly journals Clinical Utility of the Cognitive Test for Severe Dementia: Factor Analysis, Minimal Detectable Change, and Longitudinal Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Tanaka ◽  
Yuma Nagata ◽  
Daiki Ishimaru ◽  
Yasuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Keita Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Cosmin Checklist ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement

Aims: This study sought to conduct additional analyses of the Cognitive Test for Severe Dementia (CTSD) using the COSMIN checklist to ensure the development of adequate outcome measures. Methods: The following analyses were conducted: (1) factor analyses were used to evaluate construct validity; (2) the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) were assessed to evaluate reliability and interpretability; and (3) longitudinal change was assessed to evaluate responsiveness. Results: The CTSD factor analysis yielded 2 factors, each of which was dichotomized by the passage rate of each item. We calculated a SEM and MDC of 1.6 and 3.6 points, respectively. Finally, the mean CTSD score showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) over time, and the change in score exceeded the SEM and MDC. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the CTSD could provide a reliable outcome measure in severe dementia.

scholarly journals Development of a Self-Report Measure of Fearful Activities for Patients With Low Back Pain: The Fear of Daily Activities Questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Z. George ◽  
Carolina Valencia ◽  
Giorgio Zeppieri ◽  
Michael E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Physical Impairment ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Background Self-report measures for assessing specific fear of activities have not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature, but are necessary to adequately test treatment hypotheses related to fear-avoidance models. Objective This study described psychomotor properties of a novel self-report measure, the Fear of Daily Activities Questionnaire (FDAQ). Design A prospective cohort design was used. Methods Reliability and validity cohorts were recruited from outpatient physical therapy clinics. Analyses for the reliability cohort included internal consistency and 48-hour test-retest coefficients, as well as standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change estimates. Analyses for the validity cohort included factor analysis for construct validity and correlation and multiple regression analyses for concurrent and predictive validity. Four-week responsiveness was assessed by paired t test, effect size calculation, and percentage of patients meeting or achieving MDC criterion. Results The FDAQ demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.91, 95% confidence interval=.87–.95) and 48-hour test-retest properties (intraclass correlation coefficient=.90, 95% confidence interval=.82–.94). The standard error of measurement for the FDAQ was 6.6, resulting in a minimal detectable change of 12.9. Factor analysis suggested a 2- or 3-factor solution consisting of loaded spine, postural, and spinal movement factors. The FDAQ demonstrated concurrent validity by contributing variance to disability (baseline and 4 weeks) and physical impairment (baseline) scores. In predictive validity analyses, baseline FDAQ scores did not contribute variance to 4-week disability and physical impairment scores, but changes in FDAQ scores were associated with changes in disability. The FDAQ scores significantly decreased over a 4-week treatment period, with an effect size of .86 and 55% of participants meeting the minimal detectable change criterion. Limitations The validity cohort was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, and additional research is needed to confirm these findings in other samples. Conclusions The FDAQ is a potentially viable measure for fear of specific activities in physical therapy settings. These analyses suggest the FDAQ may be appropriate for determining graded exposure treatment plans and monitoring changes in fear levels, but is not appropriate as a screening tool.

scholarly journals Minimum Detectable Change of Visual Acuity Measurements Using ETDRS Charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7876
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez-González ◽  
Raquel García-Oliver ◽  
José-María Sánchez-González ◽  
María-José Bautista-Llamas ◽  
José-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Minimum Detectable Change ◽  
The Mean

In our work, we determined the value of visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS charts (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study). The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement reliabilities, calculating the correlation coefficient interclass (ICC), the value of the error associated with the measure (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Forty healthy subjects took part. The mean age was 23.5 ± 3.1 (19 to 26) years. Visual acuities were measured with ETDRS charts (96% ETDRS chart nº 2140) and (10% SLOAN Contrast Eye Test chart nº 2153). The measurements were made (at 4 m) under four conditions: Firstly, photopic conditions with high contrast (HC) and low contrast (LC) and after 15 min of visual rest, mesopic conditions with high and low contrast. Under photopic conditions and high contrast, the ICC = 0.866 and decreased to 0.580 when the luminosity and contrast decreased. The % MDC in the four conditions was always less than 10%. It was minor under photopic conditions and HC (5.83) and maximum in mesopic conditions and LC (9.70). Our results conclude a high reliability of the ETDRS test, which is higher in photopic and high contrast conditions and lower when the luminosity and contrast decreases.

scholarly journals Standard Error of the Mean and Minimal Detectable Change of Gait Speed in Older Adults Using Japanese Long-Term Care Insurance System

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233372142110489
Author(s):  
Yui Takada ◽  
Shigeharu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
The Mean

Evaluation of motor function, such as gait ability, can accurately predict the subsequent occurrence of disability in older adults. There are no reports of standard error of the mean (SEM) or minimal detectable change (MDC) with respect to gait in Japanese long-term care insurance-certified individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the values of preferred gait, fast gait, and the timed up and go (TUG) test. This study included 46 participants using the Japanese long-term care insurance system. (age 86.5 ± 6.6 years, 12 men, 34 women). The duration of three gait were measured twice using a stopwatch. The SEM was 0.07 for preferred gait, 0.09 for fast gait and 2.59 for TUG. The MDC was 0.19 for preferred gait, 0.26 for fast gait, and 7.17 for TUG. The SEM and MDC values of preferred gait, fast gait, and TUG in this study corroborated with those of previous studies, whereas others were different. Considering that gait speed differs with the country, it may be difficult to compare it among different population groups. We obtained the results of gait speed of Japanese long-term care insurance-certified individuals, which is a new finding

The Bilateral Deficit Phenomenon in Elbow Flexion: Explanations for Its Inconsistent Occurrence and Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110609
Author(s):  
Anne Z. Beethe ◽  
Shawn D. Flanagan ◽  
Mita Lovalekar ◽  
Lee E Fisher ◽  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Bilateral Deficit ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Participants

The underlying mechanism(s) of the Bilateral Deficit (BLD) phenomenon is without consensus. Methodological inconsistencies across prior works may be an important source of equivocal results and interpretations. Based on repeatability problems with the BLD measure and maximal force definition, the presence or absence of the BLD phenomenon is altered, shifting conclusions of its mechanistic cause. Our purpose in this study was to examine methodological inconsistencies in applying the BLD measure to establish optimal methods for evaluating the underlying mechanism. Eleven healthy participants engaged in one familiarity and five test sessions, completing bilateral and unilateral elbow maximal voluntary isometric contractions. We defined maximal force by averaged and absolute peak and plateau values. BLD was evident if the bilateral index (BI), the ratio of the bilateral over summed unilateral forces, was statistically different from zero. We addressed interclass correlations (ICC), Chronbach’s α, standard error of the mean, and minimal detectable change between and within sessions for all force measures and BI. We evaluated all combinations of sessions (i.e., 1–2, 3–5, 5–6) and maximal forces to establish the optimal number of sessions to achieve reliability. BLD was present for test sessions, but not for familiarization. All measures of maximal force were highly reliable between and within sessions (ICC(2,1) ≥ .895). BI was only considered significantly reliable in sessions 3–5 ( p < .027), defined by absolute and average plateau forces, but reliability was still quantifiably poor (absolute: ICC(2,1) = .392; average: ICC(2,1) = .375). These results demonstrate that high force reliability within and between sessions does not translate to stable and reliable BI, potentially exposing the lack of any defined BLD mechanism.

scholarly journals Minimal Detectable Change Scores for the Wolf Motor Function Test

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy L. Fritz ◽  
Sarah Blanton ◽  
Gitendra Uswatte ◽  
Edward Taub ◽  
Steven L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Wolf Motor Function Test ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement

Background. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is an impairment-based test whose psychometrics have been examined by previous reliability and validity studies. Standards for evaluating whether a given change is meaningful, however, have not yet been addressed. Objectives. To determine the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the WMFT. Methods. Data were collected from 6 university laboratories that participated in the EXCITE national clinical trial and included 96 individuals with sub-acute stroke (3—9 months). Measurements were made by blinded evaluators who were trained and standardized to administer the WMFT, which was completed on 2 occasions 2 weeks apart. No intervention was given between testing sessions. Results. The WMFT Performance Time score has a SEM of 0.2 seconds and a MDC95 of 0.7 seconds. The individual task timed items MDC 95 ranged from 1.0 second (turn key in lock) to 3.4 seconds (reach and retrieve) with individual task items demonstrating notablly higher variability than the average WMFT Performance Time. The average WMFT Functional Ability Scale SEM and MDC95 is 0.1 points. Conclusions. When assessing the effect of a therapeutic intervention, if an individual experiences an amount of change equal to or greater than the MDC, then one may be 95% confident that this margin of change is truly larger than measurement error and not a chance result. Thus, the determination of SEM and MDC in outcome assessments allows researchers and clinicians to distinguish which results are actual differences versus which results are simply changes resulting from error or chance.

Determining Meaningful Changes in Pelvic-On-Femoral Position during the Trendelenburg Test

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Youdas ◽  
Sara T. Mraz ◽  
Barbara J. Norstad ◽  
Jennifer J. Schinke ◽  
John H. Hollman
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

Context:Hip abductor muscle weakness is related to many lower extremity injuries. A simple procedure, the Trendelenburg test, may be used to assess hip abductor performance in patient populations.Objective:To describe the minimal detectable change (MDC) in pelvic-on-femoral (P-O-F) position of the stance limb during the Trendelenburg test.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:45 healthy women (28 ± 8 years) and 45 healthy men (33 ± 11 years).Main Outcome Measures:P-O-F position in degrees in single-leg stance. Results: Baseline P-O-F position (hip adduction) was 83° ± 3° with a range from 76° to 94°. The intratester reliability (ICC3,1 for measurement of P-O-F position using a universal goniometer was 0.58 with a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 2°. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated to be 4°.Conclusions:If a person’s P-O-F position changes less than 4° between measurements, then the P-O-F position is within measurement error and it can be determined that there has been no change in the performance of the hip abductor muscles when examined by the Trendelenburg test.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of Oswestry disability index

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada ◽  
Oluwabunmi Esther Oguntoyinbo ◽  
Francis Oluwafunso Fasuyi ◽  
Opeyemi Ayodiipo Idowu ◽  
Adesola Christiana Odole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Error Of Measurement

AbstractIntroductionLow Back Pain is a common public health problem worsened by maladaptive beliefs and incongruent back pain behaviour. It is imperative to develop outcome measures to assess these beliefs among patients with chronic LBP. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the ODI (ODI-Y).MethodsThe ODI-Y was cross-culturally adapted following the process involving forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, expert review, and pilot testing. One hundred and thirty-six patients with chronic LBP took part in the validation of the ODI-Y; 86 of these individuals took part in the test-retest reliability (within 1-week interval) of the translated instrument. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the ODI-Y were determined using the Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation. Other psychometric properties explored included the factor structure and fit, convergent validity, standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 50.5±10.6years. The ODI-Y showed a high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha (α) of 0.81. Test-retest of the Yoruba version of the ODI within 1-week interval yielded an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient of 0.89. The ODI-Y yielded a two-factor structure which accounted for 51.7% of the variance but showed poor fit. Convergent of ODI-Y with the visual analogue scale was moderate (r=0.30; p=0.00). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of the ODI-Y were 2.0 and 5.5.ConclusionsThe ODI was adapted into the Yoruba language and proved to have a good factor structure and psychometric properties that replicated the results of other obtainable versions. We recommend it for use among Yoruba speaking patients with low-back pain.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Arches of Foot: A Comparison between Ink Foot Print Method and Custom Made Podoscope Device Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
K. Vijayakumar ◽  
Rameshkumar Subramanian ◽  
S. Senthilkumar ◽  
D. Dineshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Healthy Participants

The present study aimed to assess the validity of the podoscopic images compared with ink footprint methods (comparing the two different methods using the same parameters). Objective: The evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of arch angle (AA) is the purpose of this paper's study. It includes Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI), Staheli Index (SI), and Arch Index (AI) by comparing footprints obtained from ink footprint and custom-made podoscopic footprints. Methods: Measurements of AA, CSI, SI, and AI are obtained from ink footprints and custom-made podoscope among 416 healthy participants (aged 21 to 65). Accuracy and reliability were calculated for all the footprint indices obtained using the two methods. Minimal detectable change and the Standard error (SE) of measurement were also calculated. Results: SPSS Statistical software (version 20) at 95% confidence interval was used to execute and observe the statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the Mean and standard deviations (SD). The intrarater reliability of ink footprints and podoscopic footprints were analyzed using Intraclass correlation (IC) executed at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reliability of the podoscopic method was interpreted when the values (≥0.75) as excellent, (0.4-0.74) as moderate, and (0-0.39) as poor. Our study reported that AA, CSI, SI, and AI obtained from the ink footprints and podoscope had high intrarater reliability and reproducible. The podoscope was designed in a lightweight manner for transportation purposes and utilized in under-served and rural areas. This custom-made device may be utilized in orthopedics, and it can also be used to collect data and for diagnostic purposes.

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