Maternal Hematological Parameters and Placental and Umbilical Cord Histopathology in Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Objective: To investigate the placental and umbilical cord histopathology in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and their relation to second-trimester maternal hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: Patients were selected for the IUGR group based on estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile. Patients were recruited into the control group randomly. Patients were followed up with ultrasound, and blood samples were taken between the 20th and 24th gestational weeks. After delivery and formalin fixation, weight and volume of the placenta were recorded and histologic samples were processed. Results: Maternal platelet count strongly correlates with placental weight (r = 0.766). On the other hand, neonatal weight correlates with placental volume (r = 0.572) rather than with placental weight (r = 0.469). Umbilical arterial lumen cross-sectional area correlates with birth weight (r = 0.338). Conclusions: Maternal hematological parameters do not seem to affect neonatal outcome. Our main findings are the correlation of maternal platelet count with placental weight, the correlation of placental volume with birth weight being stronger than the correlation of placental weight with birth weight, and the correlation of umbilical artery lumen cross-sectional area with neonatal weight. Mild histopathologic alterations might occur in normal pregnancies; however, sufficient fetal nutrition can be maintained. This compensatory function of the placenta seems to be insufficient when two or more pathologies are present, which is characteristic for IUGR.

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STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF PLACENTA AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MATERNAL PARAMETERS AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF NEWBORN IN ANAEMIC MOTHERS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i6.2000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nisha Gajbhiye ◽

Sachin Gajbhiye

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Accessory Lobe ◽

Placental Volume ◽

Placental Thickness

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal anaemia [Hb <11gm/dl]would affect the morphology and histology of placenta and and correlate it with maternal parameters and birth weight of newborn and compare this with that of non-anaemic mothers. It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out at the maternity ward and anatomy department of NSCB MEDICAL COLLEGE JABALPUR. Background & Method: Background & Method: The study was carried out on 100 placentae, mothers and their babies. The placenta was collected from Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur. Out of 100 placentae 50 from anaemic and 50 from NON anaemic mothers. As soon as the placenta was delivered, the umblical cord was cut it was put into formal saline. It was kept in a tray, to the membranes were trimmed off cord was cut about 10 cm from the insertion. The blood clots adherent to maternal surface were picked up. Morphological parameters like placental weight, volume. diameter, thickness, no of cotyledons were measured .Any abnormality like calcification, accessory lobe, haematoma, etc were noted. histological slides were made and stained with H and stain and Masson’s Trichrome stain. Result: A Macroscopic study of the placenta revealed placental weight, placental volume, diameter, placental thickness were more than non anaemic group and number of cotyledons were less in study group. Mean placental weight in study group was 474gm and in control group was 425 (p<0.05). Mean placental volume in study group & control group were 393.23and352 ml respectively (p<0.05). Mean number of cotyledons were 13.24and 16 in study & control group significant[p<0.05] and mean diameter 18.30cms and17.05cms in study and control group. Mean placental thickness 2.4cms in study and 2.1 in control group respectively. There was an accessory lobe present in one patient of anaemic group. All morphometric parameters of placenta weight, volume, diameter, thickness were increased ,no of cotyledons were reduced .Histological findings were placental tissues shows intense congestion of septal capillaries.In the present study age, parity, height, weight, built, doesn’t found to be related with morphology of placenta. Maternal blood Hb found to be +vely correlated with weight, volume, diameter, thickness and –vely correlated with no of cotyledons and birth weight of baby. Conclusion: From the study it is concluded anaemia in pregnancy affects morphology and histology of placenta and it is correlated with various maternal parameters and birth weight of baby. Keywords: morphology, histology, placenta, anaemia, birth weight & mothers.

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Stillbirth at Patan Hospital, Nepal

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/jpahs.v5i1.24041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 40-46

Author(s):

Sarada Duwal Shrestha ◽

Padma Gurung ◽

Reena Shrestha ◽

Prashant Shrestha ◽

Renee Pradhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Abruptio Placenta

Introductions: Stillbirth (SB) is one of the most common adverse outcomes of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the SB rate and to identify the likely causes contributing to SB. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Patan Hospital from 15th June 2014 to 14th June 2017 for all the cases of SBs, at or after 22 weeks, birth weight of 500 gm or more. The perinatal outcome, demographic profile, fetal characteristics, causes and contributing factors were analyzed. Results: There were 262 SB out of total 23069 deliveries, (11.24 per 1000) and 119 (46.12%) had antenatal check-up (ANC) at Patan Hospital. The 214 (82.95%) SB were among 20-34 years mothers, 133 (51.55%) being multigravida. Antepartum SB were 234 (89.31%), macerated 213 (81.30%), birth weight <1000gm 86 (32.82%) and male 156 (59.54%). The intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was present in 60 (22.90%), unexplained casue in 43 (16.41%), prematurity 28 (10.69%), congenital anomalies 26 (9.92%), pre-eclampsia 19 (7.25%), gestational diabetes, and abruptio placenta each 13 (4.96%). Delay in seeking care in 202 (78.30%) was a potential contributing factor. Conclusions: The SB was 11.24/1000 births. The causes in descending order were IUGR, unexplained, prematurity, congenital anomalies, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and abruptio placenta. Delay in seeking care was found as a potential contributing factor.

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Weights of Fetal Membranes and Umbilical Cords: Correlation With Placental Pathology

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1177/1093526619889460 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 249-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucy X Ma ◽

Daniel Levitan ◽

Rebecca N Baergen

Keyword(s):

Umbilical Cord ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Maternal Diabetes ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

The Mean ◽

Umbilical Cords

Introduction Proper placental gross examination requires weighing the placental disc trimmed of fetal membranes and the umbilical cord. However, untrimmed placental weights are often reported, both in cases submitted for consultation and in publications. Thus, determining the contribution of membranes and cords to untrimmed placental weights would be helpful in estimating the true trimmed weight of placentas. We sought to report the average weights of membranes and cord in term placentas and to correlate these weights with common placental pathologies. Methods A total of 500 consecutive placentas delivered between 36 and 42 weeks gestational age were subjected to a modified grossing protocol, in which the weight of the trimmed and untrimmed placentas, fetal membranes, and umbilical cords were recorded. Acute chorioamnionitis, meconium, maternal vascular malperfusion, and fetal vascular malperfusion were included as pathologic correlates. Clinical data such as the presence of fetal hydrops, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, and maternal diabetes were also recorded. Results The mean weights of the trimmed placenta, fetal membranes, and umbilical cords were 442 g (180–805 g), 47.2 g (16–108 g), and 37.9 g (9–126 g), respectively. The fetal membranes and umbilical cord weights contributed a mean of 16% to the total untrimmed placental weight. Meconium was associated with heavier fetal membranes. Fetal vascular malperfusion was associated with longer umbilical cord and thus also with heavier umbilical cords. Maternal vascular malperfusion and intrauterine growth restriction were associated with lighter placentas. Discussion The trimmed placental disc weight may be estimated by subtracting 16% (ie, weight of the fetal membranes and umbilical cord) from the untrimmed placental weight, or alternatively by subtracting the mean weight of the membranes and umbilical cord. It is important to consider the effects of meconium, fetal and maternal vascular malperfusion, and intrauterine growth restriction on membrane and cord weights when estimating the trimmed placental disc weight.

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Role of Umbilical Cord Cross Sectional Area (UCCSA) in Prediction of Neonatal Birth Weight

Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.6318.18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Sapna V. Amin ◽

◽

Deepika Pothakamuri ◽

Prashant Adiga ◽

Shripad Hebbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Birth Weight

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PENGARUH IMT IBU HAMIL PREEKLAMPSIA DENGAN LUARAN PERINATAL

Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.20473/imhsj.v3i2.2019.148-159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Fadhilah Rahmawati ◽

Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar ◽

Atika Atika

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Abstrak Latar belakang dan tujuan : Preeklampsia merupakan masalah komplikasi kehamilan yang menyumbang kematian ibu tertinggi di Jawa Timur. Preeklampsia dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh ibu obesitas akan meningkatkan perburukan luaran maternal dan perinatal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh ibu preeklampsia dengan luaran maternal dan luaran perinatal. Metode: penelitian ini adalah analitik obsevasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, jumlah sampel 60 rekam medis ibu dan bayi baru lahir di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga. Sampel terdiri dari ibu preeklampsia semua kategori IMT yaitu underweight, normal, overweight, obesitas grade I,II, dan III. Luaran perinatal yang diteliti adalah kematian perinatal, kelahiran prematur, IUGR (Intrauterine growth restriction), asfiksia, bayi berat lahir rendah, Sindrom Respiratori Distres (SRD), sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) dan Intraventrikular Hemorrhage (IVH). Hasil: Indeks Massa Tubuh Ibu preeklampsia tidak berhubungan dengan luaran perinatal antara lain kelahiran prematur, IUGR, asfiksi, BBLR dan komplikasi dini Kesimpulan: tidak ada perbedaan luaran maternal dan luaran perinatal pada berbagai Indeks massa tubuh ibu preeklampsiaAbstract Background and purpose : Preeclampsia is a problem of the pregnancy complications that has the highest maternal mortality in East Java. Preeclampsia with body mass index of obese mothers will increase the deterioration in maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aims to analyze the body mass index of preeclampsia mothers with maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This is an observational with cross-sectional design study, a sample of 60 pregnant women and newborn medical records at Universitas Airlangga Hospital. The sample consisted of preeclamptic women in all categories of body mass index such as underweight, normal, overweight, obesity grade I,II, and III. The perinatal outcomes observed are perinatal death, preterm birth, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), asphyxia, low birth weight, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), sepsis, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), and Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH). Results: There is no significant association between body mass index of preeclampsia with perinatal outcomes. Which include preterm birth, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), asphyxia, low birth weight and early complications Conclusion: there were no difference on maternal and perinatal outcomes in all categories Body mass index of preeclamptic women

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MORPHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR) PLACENTAS VERSUS NORMAL PLACENTAS IN PREGNANT WOMEN OF DISTRICT RAWALPINDI, PAKISTAN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/17.03.2021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Nazma Kiran ◽

Nadia Aslam ◽

Tahira Tabassum ◽

Saadia Kanwal ◽

Tanveer Zia

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Major Influence ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a principal cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The placenta, as a vector for maternal-fetal nutrient and oxygen exchange has major influence on birthweight. The objectives of this study were to compare the placental weight (grams), number of syncytial knots and number of blood vessels in villi of IUGR placentas versus normal placentas. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Rai Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan in collaboration with Zainab Memorial Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from December 2016 to November 2018. Study group included 45 IUGR placentas and control group included 25 normal placentas. Placental weight in grams, number of syncytial knots and number of blood vessels in villi of placentas were three research variables. These were described by mean, minimum, maximum, range and standard deviation for each group separately and were compared between the two groups through independent-samples t-test. Results: Descriptively the mean placental weight in grams in IUGR group (423.35±64.13g) was lower than control group placentas (535.92±44.57g). The number of syncytial knots in IUGR group placentas (22.04±5.21) was more than control group placentas (13.84±4.41). The number of blood vessels in IUGR placentas was lower than control group placentas. All three null hypothesis for research variables between the two groups were rejected (p=

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OP08.13: Is velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord in singleton pregnancies associated with low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction?

Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1002/uog.4479 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 482-482

Author(s):

M. Kfir ◽

R. Shayya ◽

D. H. Pretorius ◽

A. D. Hull

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Singleton Pregnancies

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Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters the Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiles in Small Intestine, Liver and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Newborn Piglets

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203720666190124165243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 713-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shiyu Tao ◽

Tianjiao Zhou ◽

Perot Saelao ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Yuhua Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Newborn Piglets ◽

Dorsi Muscle ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Differentially Methylated Genes

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains a major problem in swine production since the associated low birth weight leads to high rates of pre-weaning morbidity and mortality, and permanent retardation of growth and development. The underlying regulatory mechanisms from the aspects of epigenetic modification has received widespread attention. Studies explore the changes in genome wide methylation in small intestine (SI), liver and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) between IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) newborn piglets using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. The data demonstrated that methylated peaks were prominently distributed in distal intergenic regions and the quantities of peaks in IUGR piglets were more than that of NBW piglets. IUGR piglets had relatively high methylated level in promoters, introns and coding exons in all the three tissues. Through KEGG pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes found that 33, 54 and 5 differentially methylated genes in small intestine, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle between NBW and IUGR piglets, respectively, which are related to development and differentiation, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein turnover, immune response, detoxification, oxidative stress and apoptosis pathway. The objective of this review is to assess the impact of differentially methylation status on developmental delay, metabolic disorders and immune deficiency of IUGR piglets.

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Decreased Total Placental Mass Found in Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Gestations with Selective Growth Restriction

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy ◽

10.1159/000442153 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 116-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kristi R. Van Winden ◽

Rubén A. Quintero ◽

Eftichia V. Kontopoulos ◽

Lisa M. Korst ◽

Arlyn Llanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Laser Surgery ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Placental Weight ◽

Apparent Difference ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Share Data ◽

The Individual

Introduction: We examined placental weight characteristics associated with donor selective intrauterine growth restriction (SIUGR) among patients with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who underwent laser surgery. Materials and Methods: Fresh placental specimens were studied. Pregnancies with higher-order multiples, fetal demise, or disrupted or nonsubmitted placental specimens were excluded. Placental characteristics prospectively collected included total placental weight, individual placental weight, and placental share. Data were compared between pregnancies with SIUGR (TTTS + SIUGR group) and those without SIUGR (TTTS-only group). Results: Of 369 consecutive patients who underwent laser surgery for TTTS, 155 (42%) met inclusion criteria: 91 with TTTS + SIUGR and 64 with TTTS-only. Compared to the TTTS-only group, patients in the TTTS + SIUGR group had a lower total placental weight (608 ± 163 vs. 687 ± 224 g, p = 0.012), with a lower donor individual placental weight (237 ± 91 vs. 291 ± 124 g, p = 0.002), but no apparent difference in the individual placental weight of recipient twins (371 ± 109 vs. 396 ± 133 g, p = 0.211). Donor placental share was smaller in those pregnancies affected by SIUGR (38.7 ± 9.6 vs. 42.3 ± 9.8%, p = 0.029). Discussion: TTTS patients with SIUGR had a lower total placental weight and a lower donor individual placental weight compared to those without SIUGR. These findings suggest that differences in donor individual placental weights for SIUGR gestations may not solely be related to differences in placental share.

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