Association of Psoriasis with Psychiatric Hospitalization in United States Children and Adults

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Patel ◽  
Harrison H. Lee ◽  
Supriya Rastogi ◽  
Vivek Singam ◽  
Paras P. Vakharia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Excess Costs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Psoriasis is associated with psychosocial distress. Little is known about the relationship between psoriasis and mental health (MH) emergencies. Objective: To examine the associations of psoriasis and MH hospitalizations in the USA. Methods: Data from the 2002–2012 National Inpatient Sample were analyzed, including an approximately 20% sample of all US hospitalizations (n = 87,053,155 children and adults). Results: Hospitalization for MH disorders occurred more commonly in those with psoriasis compared to those without psoriasis (4.04 vs. 2.21%). In multivariable logistic regression models, psoriasis was associated with higher odds of admission for any MH disorder overall (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.32 [2.24–2.41]), as well as 9 of the 15 MH-specific disorders examined. Associated MH disorders included: anxiety, schizophrenia, personality disorder, depression, substance use disorders, history of MH disorder, alcohol-related disorders, adjustment disorders, and cognitive disorders. Children with versus those without psoriasis were also more likely to have a primary hospitalization for any MH disorder (2.82 [2.24–3.56]). Psoriasis inpatients were also more likely to have a primary hospitalization for any MH disorder compared to those with alopecia areata (1.99 [1.45–2.74]) or hidradenitis suppurativa (3.97 [3.49–4.52]). Psoriasis patients hospitalized with any MH disorder had higher mean [95% confidence interval] cost of inpatient care (USD 11,004 [10,846–11,241] vs. 9,547 [8,730–10,364]; p < 0.0001) compared to those without psoriasis, with USD 1,610,860 excess costs annually, with the majority of the costs coming from depression and mood disorders. Conclusions: Children and adults with psoriasis had increased hospitalization for multiple MH disorders, which were associated with a considerable financial burden.

scholarly journals Awareness and interest in IQOS heated tobacco products among youth in Canada, England and the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D Czoli ◽  
Christine M White ◽  
Jessica L Reid ◽  
Richard J OConnor ◽  
David Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Current Tobacco ◽  
Very High

IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs), such as IQOS, have been introduced in a growing number of international markets. However, little is known about perceptions of HTP products among youth.MethodsData are from wave 1 of the International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey (2017), a web-based cohort survey of people aged 16–19 years from Canada, England and the USA. Respondents (n=12 064) were shown an image of IQOS and asked about their awareness, interest in trying and susceptibility to trying the product. Youth awareness, interest in trying and susceptibility to trying IQOS were analysed using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of these outcomes.ResultsOverall, 7.0% of youth reported awareness of IQOS (England=5.6%, Canada=6.4% and USA=9.1%) and 38.6% expressed interest in trying the product (England=41.8%, Canada=33.0% and USA=40.9%). Within each country, all key outcomes varied by smoking status: greater proportions of youth who were currently smoking or had a history of smoking reported being aware of, interested in trying and susceptible to trying IQOS. Interest and susceptibility to trying IQOS were associated with male sex, current tobacco use and current e-cigarette use. Across all countries, susceptibility to trying IQOS (25.1%) was higher than for tobacco cigarettes (19.3%), but lower than for e-cigarettes (29.1%).ConclusionsAwareness of HTPs, such as IQOS, is emerging among youth in Canada, England and the USA. Interest in trying these products is very high among smokers, but also present among non-smokers.

Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics in Chinese Preconceptional Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Lin Ji ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
Lap Ah Tse ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Diethyl Phosphate ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Organophosphates (OPs) are the most heavily used pesticides in China. The Chinese population, including preconceptional women, is highly exposed, yet little is known regarding the associations between OP exposure and menstruation in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in women preparing for pregnancy to investigate the relationship between biomarkers of OP exposure and menstrual cycle characteristics. From 2013 to 2015, 627 women visiting free preconception-care clinics at 2 maternity hospitals in Shanghai, China, were included. Information on menstrual cycle characteristics was obtained through questionnaires. OP exposure was assessed by measuring urine concentrations of 6 dialkylphosphate metabolites (dimethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylphosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate). The relationship between concentrations of dialkylphosphate metabolites and menstrual cycle characteristics was analyzed using multiple linear regression models and logistic regression models. Log-transformed levels of diethyl phosphate metabolites (the sum of diethylphosphate and diethylthiophosphate levels) were related to a higher risk of irregularity of menstrual cycles (adjusted odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 4.34). Subjects with a higher concentration of diethyl phosphate metabolites (log-transformed) had a shorter duration of menstrual bleeding (adjusted β = −0.33, 95% confidence interval: −0.64, −0.02). The findings suggest that OP exposure may be associated with alterations in menstrual function in preconceptional women.

Psychosocial Factors in Early Release from Psychiatric Hospitalization

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Maurice Korman ◽  
Donald W. Giller
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Severe Pathology ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Extensive demographic and psychometric information was collected on 813 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients. Those male patients who were discharged with medical advice in 75 days or less tended to show less severe pathology on admission together with a history of some stability and interpersonal success, yet saw themselves as troubled in a number of areas and in need of help. While a more favorable diagnosis was equally predictive of early release in females, measures reflecting the significance of marriage and family were featured prominently. Males and females differed markedly, however, with regard to the relationship of presenting symptoms (as derived by the Cornell Index) to early release from hospitalization.

Thinking in trends: the rise of trend forecasting in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20
Author(s):  
Devon Powers
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trend Forecasting ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper examines the birth of trend forecasting in the USA and position trend forecasters and professional futurists within the wider history of marketing, market research and advertising. Design/methodology/approach The study is based upon archival research, interviews and close readings of primary and secondary literature. Findings Trend forecasters split from traditional market and opinion research in the early 1970s, as concerns about the future became paramount for businesses. At this time, entrepreneurial trend forecasters such as Faith Popcorn started firms, adopting futurological methods to make predictions about the future of culture. The field continued to grow into the 1990s as it developed or modified a host of mostly qualitative research methods, including environmental scanning, consumer ethnography and scenarios. Trend forecasting reveals the complexity of the relationship between business and “the future” and how trends aimed to predict as well as direct that future. Originality/value The article is among the first academic treatments of trend forecasting, drawn from original interviews and exclusively accessed archival research. It contributes to a theory and a history of the concept of a trend, which is understood here as a way to package the movement of culture as sellable. It likewise offers a unique exploration of the relationship between futurology and business.

Abstract P008: Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index is Inversely Associated with Improved Cardiovascular Health

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Singh ◽  
Courtney Pilkerton ◽  
Stephanie Frisbee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Objective: An abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) strongly correlates with higher mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease however, the inverse link has not been established for cardiovascular (CV) health. The American Heart Association (AHA) aims to improve CV health by 20% by 2020 and has thus proposed the use of CV health metrics (Life’s Simple 7 or LS7). This study examines the relationship of abnormally low ABI with CV health. Methods: We evaluated 5,308 men and women aged ≥40 years, without history of CVD or diabetes mellitus (DM), participating in NHANES from 1999-2004. Abnormally low ABI was defined as ABI< 1.00 which included borderline low [0.91-0.99] and low ABI [<=0.90]). LS7 was scored on a 0-14 point scale and calculated based on poor, intermediate and ideal categories of 7 health components: diet, BMI, smoking, physical activity, blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol. LS7 scores were categorized as inadequate (0-7points), average (8-11) and optimum (12-14) CV health. Ordinal logistic regression models identified associations between abnormal ABI and CV health, with adjustments for sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and hs-CRP. Results: The mean (95% CI) LS7 score was 7.4 (7.3-7.5), with the majority of the population (75.3%) clustered at the lower end of average CV health. Adjusted models demonstrated that, compared to those with inadequate CV health, those with average CV health experienced 28% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.72, 95% CI; 0.52-0.97). Further improving CV health from inadequate to optimum was associated with 78% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.22, 95% CI; 0.09-0.57). On examining individual components, only blood pressure was found to be significantly associated with lower odds of abnormal ABI. Those with intermediate, as compared to poor, blood pressure readings showed 32% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.68, 95% CI; 0.48-0.94) while those with ideal blood pressure showed a 61% lower odds of abnormal ABI (OR 0.39, 95% CI; 0.21-0.72). Discussion/Conclusion: Although those with average CV health experienced lower odds of abnormal ABI, improving CV health to optimum can significantly lower these odds. This suggests that optimizing cardiovascular health, particularly in those who have not yet been affected by CVD or DM, can significantly slow or prevent progression of systemic atherosclerosis.

Stalking by Former Intimates: Verbal Threats and Other Predictors of Physical Violence

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Physical Violence ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Stalking Victims ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
The Relationship

Scant empirical research has been conducted on the relationship between threats and violence. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the link between verbal threats of violence and actual physical violence against former intimate victims of stalking. The researcher interviewed 187 female former intimate stalking victims, asking respondents about various characteristics of their experiences. Responses to questions pertaining to threats; history of violence; stalkers’ drug and alcohol use; frequency of phone calls, “following,” and letters during stalking; and victims’ age and education were analyzed as possible predictors of three violence-related dependent variables: (a) whether or not violence occurred, (b) the number of violent incidents during stalking, and (c) physical injury during stalking. The results of linear and logistic regression models reveal that, regardless of the measure of violence, there is an independent, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between verbal threats and subsequent violence. Regression coefficients for drug abuse and alcohol abuse were also statistically significant, but only in predicting physical injury during stalking.

scholarly journals Association between the Number of Childbirths and the Progress of Atherosclerosis among Women with Diabetes: A Cohort Study Based on Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Yu Pei ◽  
Kang Chen ◽  
Wenhua Yan ◽  
Anping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Background. The aim of this study is to explore the association between the number of childbirths and the progress of atherosclerosis among Chinese women with hypertension or diabetes. Methods. In total, 1159 Chinese parous women from a community longitudinal survey conducted in the communities of Shijingshan district, Beijing, China, were included in our study. They were divided into three groups according to the number of childbirths, and the change in pulse wave velocity (PWV) was as an indicator of the progression of atherosclerosis because the increased PWV reflected the more serious atherosclerosis. After 3 years, we conducted follow-up visits to the subjects. Logistical regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between the number of childbirths and the progression of atherosclerotic stiffness and a stratification analysis was performed for history of hypertension and diabetes. Results. After 3-year follow-up, among women with diabetes, the OR of women with 2 childbirths was significant [3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.5, 7.9)] in model I, [3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 7.2)] in model II, and the OR of women with ≥3 childbirths was significant [4.4 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 14.5)] in model I, [4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.2, 14.3)] in model II. Among women with hypertension, the risk of the progress of atherosclerosis was not significant. Conclusion. The increasing number of childbirths is associated with the progression of atherosclerotic stiffness among Chinese women with diabetes, independent of a variety of confounding factors.

scholarly journals Soluble ST2 levels for predicting the presence and severity of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zong ◽  
Qin Fan ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Hongyang Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multivariable Adjustment

To explore the relationship between soluble ST2 (sST2) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and determine whether sST2 levels can predict the presence and severity of MetS. We evaluated 550 consecutive subjects (58.91 ± 9.69 years, 50% male) with or without MetS from the Department of Vascular and Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-Affiliated Ruijin Hospital. Serum sST2 concentrations were measured. The participants were divided into three groups according to the sST2 tertiles. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum sST2 concentrations and the presence of MetS. Serum sST2 concentrations were significantly higher in the MetS group than in those in the no MetS group (14.80 ± 7.01 vs. 11.58 ± 6.41 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Subjects with more MetS components showed higher levels of sST2. sST2 was associated with the occurrence of MetS after multivariable adjustment as a continuous log-transformed variable (per 1 SD, odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.80, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that individuals with MetS have significantly higher levels of sST2 than those without MetS regardless of sex and age.High serum sST2 levels were significantly and independently associated with the presence and severity of MetS. Thus, sST2 levels may be a novel biomarker and clinical predictor of MetS.

Mental disorders, suicide attempt and suicide: differences in the association in refugees compared with Swedish-born individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Björkenstam ◽  
Magnus Helgesson ◽  
Ridwanul Amin ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundMental disorders are associated with an elevated risk for suicide attempt and suicide. Whether the strength of the associations also holds for refugees is unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between specific mental disorders and suicide attempt and suicide in refugees and Swedish-born individuals.MethodThis longitudinal cohort study included 5 083 447 individuals aged 16–64 years, residing in Sweden in 2004, where 196 757 were refugees. Mental disorders were defined as having a diagnosis in psychiatric care during 2000–2004. Estimates of risk of suicide attempt and suicide were calculated as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Adjustments were made for important confounding factors, including history of attempt. The reference group comprised Swedish-born individuals without mental disorders.ResultsRates for suicide attempt in individuals with a mental disorder were lower in refugees compared with Swedish-born individuals (480 v. 850 per 100 000 person-years, respectively). This pattern was true for most specific disorders: compared with the reference group, among refugees, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for suicide attempt ranged from 3.0 (anxiety) to 7.4 (substance misuse), and among Swedish-born individuals, from 4.9 (stress-related disorder) to 9.3 (substance misuse). For schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorder, estimates for suicide attempt were comparable between refugees and Swedish-born individuals. Similar patterns were seen for suicide.ConclusionsFor most mental disorders, refugees were less likely to be admitted to hospital for suicide attempt or die by suicide compared with Swedish-born individuals. Further research on risk and protective factors for suicide attempt and suicide among refugees with mental disorders is warranted.Declaration of interestNone.

Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in the USA from 2004 to 2017: national inpatient trends, regional variations, associated diagnoses, and outcomes

2020 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2020-016733
Author(s):  
Nima Hafezi-Nejad ◽  
Christopher R Bailey ◽  
Alex J Solomon ◽  
Moustafa Abou Areda ◽  
John A Carrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Total Hospital ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Procedural Complications ◽  
History Of

BackgroundTo explore the national inpatient trends, regional variations, associated diagnoses, and outcomes of vertebral augmentation (vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty) in the USA from 2004 to 2017.MethodsData from the National Inpatient Sample were used to study hospitalization records for percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Longitudinal projections of trends and outcomes, including mortality, post-procedural complications, length of stay, disposition, and total hospital charges were analyzed.ResultsFollowing a period of decreased utilization from 2008 to 2012, hospitalizations for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty plateaued after 2013. Total hospital charges and overall financial burden of hospitalizations for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty increased to a peak of $1.9 billion (range $1.7–$2.2 billion) in 2017. Overall, 8% of procedures were performed in patients with a history of malignancy. In multivariable modeling, lung cancer (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6 (range 1.4–5.1)) and prostate cancer (aOR 3.4 (range 1.2–9.4)) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. The New England region had the lowest frequency of routine disposition (14.1±1.1%) and the lowest average hospital charges ($47 885±$1351). In contrast, 34.0±0.8% had routine disposition in the West Central South region, and average hospital charges were as high as $99 836±$2259 in the Pacific region. The Mountain region had the lowest number of procedures (5365±272) and the highest mortality rate (1.2±0.3%).ConclusionNational inpatient trends of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty utilization remained stable after a period of decline from 2008 to 2012, while the financial burden of hospitalizations increased. Despite recent improvements in outcomes, significant regional variations persisted across the USA.

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