Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Human Intrinsic Gastric Neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 206 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Daniel Anetsberger ◽  
Stefanie Kürten ◽  
Samir Jabari ◽  
Axel Brehmer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Choline Acetyl Transferase ◽  
Neuronal Protein ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Our knowledge about human gastric enteric neuron types is even more limited than that of human intestinal types. Here, we immunohistochemically stained wholemounts and sections of gastric specimens obtained from 18 tumor-resected patients. Myenteric wholemounts were labeled for choline acetyl transferase (ChAT), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and the human neuronal protein HuC/D (as pan­neuronal marker for quantitative analysis) or alternatively for neurofilament (for morphological evaluation). ChAT-positive neurons outnumbered NOS-positive neurons (56 vs. 27%), and neurons negative for both markers accounted for 17%. Two larger groups of neurons (each between 12 and 14%) costained for ChAT and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or for NOS and VIP, respectively. Clear morphochemical correlation was found for uniaxonal stubby type I neurons (ChAT+; putative excitatory inter- or motor neurons), for uniaxonal spiny type I neurons (NOS+/VIP+; putative inhibitory motor or interneurons), and for multiaxonal type II neurons (ChAT+; putative afferent neurons; immunostaining of additional wholemounts revealed their coreactivity for somatostatin). Whereas these latter neuron types were already known from the human intestine, the morphology of gastric myenteric neurons coreactive for ChAT and VIP was newly described: they had numerous short, extremely thin dendrites and resembled, together with their cell bodies, a “hairy” head. In our sections, nerve fibers coreactive for ChAT and VIP were commonly found only in the mucosa. We suggest these myenteric ChAT+/VIP+/hairy neurons to be mucosal effector neurons. In contrast to myenteric neurons, the much less common submucosal neurons were not embedded in a continuous plexus and did not display any clear morphochemical phenotypes.

Characterization of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons to the human gastric clasp and sling fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Feng Liu ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Paul A Drew
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Local Region ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Axon ◽  
Inhibitory Motor Neurons ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Local Motor

The aim of this study was to determine the morphology and position of the excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons to the human gastric sling and clasp fibers. Motor neurons were identified by retrograde staining with 1,1′-didodecyl 3,3,3′,3′-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity was then determined in these motor neurons. In the sling preparations, 46% of the DiI-stained cells were aboral motor neurons, 43% were local motor neurons, and only 10% were descending motor neurons. Overall, 58% were immunoreactive for ChAT, and 36% for NOS (P = 0.042). Sixty-two percent of local, and 66% of aboral DiI-stained motor neurons were immunoreactive for ChAT. In the clasp preparations, 52% of the DiI-stained cells were descending motor neurons, 45% were local motor neurons, and only 3% were aboral neurons. Overall, 31% were immunoreactive for ChAT and 65% for NOS (P = 0.039). Eighty-five percent of the DiI-stained descending motor neurons were immunoreactive for NOS. All of the cells that were labeled adequately had a single axon and a number of filamentous or flattened lobular dendrites, and fitted into the broad category of Dogiel type I neurons. In conclusion, the majority of the motor neurons to the sling fibers were ChAT-positive excitatory neurons from the myenteric plexus of the stomach and the local region, and to the clasp were predominantly NOS-positive inhibitory neurons from the esophagus.

scholarly journals Characterization of transgenic mouse lines for labeling type I and type II afferent neurons in the cochlea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankhuri Vyas ◽  
Jingjing Sherry Wu ◽  
Adrian Jimenez ◽  
Elisabeth Glowatzki ◽  
Paul Albert Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Mouse Lines

Cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptors regulate colonic propulsion by acting at motor neurons within the ascending motor pathways in mouse colon

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. G119-G128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sibaev ◽  
Birol Yüce ◽  
Markus Kemmer ◽  
Luc Van Nassauw ◽  
Ulli Broedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mouse Colon

Cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptors on myenteric neurons are involved in the regulation of intestinal motility. Our aim was to investigate CB1receptor involvement in ascending neurotransmission in mouse colon and to characterize the involved structures by functional and morphological means. Presence of the CB1receptor was investigated by RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry was used for colabeling studies. Myenteric reflex responses were initiated by electrical stimulation (ES) at different distances, and junction potentials (JP) were recorded from circular smooth muscle cells by intracellular recording in an unpartitioned and a partitioned recording chamber. In vivo colonic propulsion was tested in wild-type and CB1−/−mice. Immunostaining with the cytoskeletal marker peripherin showed CB1immunoreactivity both on Dogiel type I and type II neurons. Further neurochemical characterization revealed CB1on choline acetyltransferase-, calretinin-, and 5-HT-immunopositive myenteric neurons, but nitrergic neurons appeared immunonegative for CB1immunostaining. Solitary spindle-shaped CB1-immunoreactive cells in between smooth muscle cells lacked specific markers for interstitial cells of Cajal or glial cells. ES elicited neuronally mediated excitatory JP (EJP) and inhibitory JP. Gradual increases in distance resulted in a wave-like EJP with EJP amplitudes being maximal at the location of stimulating electrode 6 and a maximal EJP projection distance of ∼18 mm. The CB1receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 reduced the amplitude of EJP and was responsible for shortening the oral spreading of the excitatory impulse. In a partitioned chamber, WIN 55,212-2 reduced EJP at the separated oral sites, proving that CB1activation inhibits interneuron-mediated neurotransmission. These effects were absent in the presence of the CB1antagonist SR141716A, which, when given alone, had no effect. WIN 55,212-2 inhibited colonic propulsion in wild-type mice but not in SR141716A-pretreated wild-type or CB1−/−mice. Activation of the CB1receptor modulates excitatory cholinergic neurotransmission in mouse colon by reducing amplitude and spatial spreading of the ascending electrophysiological impulses. This effect on electrophysiological spreading involves CB1-mediated effects on motor neurons and ascending interneurons and is likely to underlie the here reported in vivo reduction in colonic propulsion.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Roles of Neuro-Immune Interactions between Enteric Neurons and Mucosal Mast Cells in the Gut of Food Allergy Mice

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Tomoe Yashiro ◽  
Hanako Ogata ◽  
Syed Faisal Zaidi ◽  
Jaemin Lee ◽  
Shusaku Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Adenosine A3 Receptor ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Mucosal Mast Cells

Recently, the involvement of the nervous system in the pathology of allergic diseases has attracted increasing interest. However, the precise pathophysiological role of enteric neurons in food allergies has not been elucidated. We report the presence of functional high-affinity IgE receptors (FcεRIs) in enteric neurons. FcεRI immunoreactivities were observed in approximately 70% of cholinergic myenteric neurons from choline acetyltransferase-eGFP mice. Furthermore, stimulation by IgE-antigen elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration in isolated myenteric neurons from normal mice, suggesting that FcεRIs are capable of activating myenteric neurons. Additionally, the morphological investigation revealed that the majority of mucosal mast cells were in close proximity to enteric nerve fibers in the colonic mucosa of food allergy mice. Next, using a newly developed coculture system of isolated myenteric neurons and mucosal-type bone-marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs) with a calcium imaging system, we demonstrated that the stimulation of isolated myenteric neurons by veratridine caused the activation of mBMMCs, which was suppressed by the adenosine A3 receptor antagonist MRE 3008F20. Moreover, the expression of the adenosine A3 receptor gene was detected in mBMMCs. Therefore, in conclusion, it is suggested that, through interaction with mucosal mast cells, IgE-antigen-activated myenteric neurons play a pathological role in further exacerbating the pathology of food allergy.

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