Identification and Analysis of lncRNAs by Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing in Porcine Preadipocytes Induced by BMP2

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Sheng Li ◽  
Chengzhen Chen ◽  
Menglong Chai ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Bao Yuan ◽  
...  

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can mediate the signaling of R-Smads and regulate different biological functions, including adipocyte differentiation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be involved in many important biological processes, including fat metabolism, as miRNA sponges. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of fat deposition and to provide useful information for the prevention and treatment of lipid-related diseases. lncRNA sequencing was performed to compare and analyze, for the first time, the expression of lncRNAs in BMP2-induced and non-BMP2-induced preadipocytes from Junmu1 pigs. In addition, functional annotation and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA target genes were carried out. lncRNAs and mRNAs were compared and analyzed. lncRNAs were identified that may regulate adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. The results give a theoretical basis for further studies on fat deposition mechanisms and provide potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12711-12716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Brum ◽  
Jeroen van de Peppel ◽  
Cindy S. van der Leije ◽  
Marijke Schreuders-Koedam ◽  
Marco Eijken ◽  
...  

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass leading to increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility. In this study, we have identified pathways that stimulate differentiation of bone forming osteoblasts from human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Gene expression profiling was performed in hMSCs differentiated toward osteoblasts (at 6 h). Significantly regulated genes were analyzed in silico, and the Connectivity Map (CMap) was used to identify candidate bone stimulatory compounds. The signature of parbendazole matches the expression changes observed for osteogenic hMSCs. Parbendazole stimulates osteoblast differentiation as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and up-regulation of bone marker genes (alkaline phosphatase/ALPL, osteopontin/SPP1, and bone sialoprotein II/IBSP) in a subset of the hMSC population resistant to the apoptotic effects of parbendazole. These osteogenic effects are independent of glucocorticoids because parbendazole does not up-regulate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) target genes and is not inhibited by the GR antagonist mifepristone. Parbendazole causes profound cytoskeletal changes including degradation of microtubules and increased focal adhesions. Stabilization of microtubules by pretreatment with Taxol inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Parbendazole up-regulates bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene expression and activity. Cotreatment with the BMP-2 antagonist DMH1 limits, but does not block, parbendazole-induced mineralization. Using the CMap we have identified a previously unidentified lineage-specific, bone anabolic compound, parbendazole, which induces osteogenic differentiation through a combination of cytoskeletal changes and increased BMP-2 activity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhuo Si ◽  
Xia Tang ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Huichao Fu ◽  
Huayi Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Background With the advancement of sequencing technologies, a plethora of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) species have been widely discovered, including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). However, the mechanism of these non-coding RNAs in diseases caused by enterovirus d68 (EV-D68) remains unclear. The goal of this research was to identify significantly altered circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs pathways in RD cells infected with EV-D68, analyze their target relationships, demonstrate the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network, and evaluate their biological functions. Methods The total RNAs were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, and differentially expressed genes between control and infection groups were screened using bioinformatics method. We discovered the targeting relationship between three ncRNAs and mRNA using bioinformatics methods, and then built a ceRNA regulatory network centered on miRNA. The biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were discovered through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Create a protein interaction network (PPI) to seek for hub mRNAs and learn more about protein–protein interactions. The relative expression was verified using RT-qPCR. The effects of Fos and ARRDC3 on virus replication were confirmed using RT-qPCR, virus titer (TCID50/ml), Western blotting. Results 375 lncRNAs (154 upregulated and 221 downregulated), 33 circRNAs (32 upregulated and 1 downregulated), 96 miRNAs (49 upregulated and 47 downregulated), and 239 mRNAs (135 upregulated and 104 downregulated) were identified as differently in infected group compare to no-infected group. A single lncRNA or circRNA can be connected with numerous miRNAs, which subsequently coregulate additional mRNAs, according to the ceRNA regulatory network. The majority of DEmRNAs were shown to be connected to DNA binding, transcription regulation by RNA polymerase II, transcription factor, MAPK signaling pathways, Hippo signal pathway, and apoptosis pathway, according to GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The hub mRNAs with EGR1, Fos and Jun as the core were screened through PPI interaction network. We preliminarily demonstrated that the Fos and ARRDC3 genes can suppress EV-D68 viral replication in order to further verify the results of full transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion The results of whole transcriptome analysis after EV-D68 infection of RD cells were first reported in this study, and for the first time, a ceRNA regulation network containing miRNA at its center was established for the first time. The Fos and ARRDC3 genes were found to hinder viral in RD cells. This study establishes a novel insight host response during EV-D68 infection and further investigated potential drug targets.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Han ◽  
Huiqing Que ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Shijie Xue ◽  
Sui Lin ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease and its treatment is not fully established. Triptolide, one of Tripterygium wilfordii’s main active components, has been proved to alleviate Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Imbalance of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized as the pathogenic mechanism of various diseases, including ARDS. However, the specific miRNAs that play a key regulatory role in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide in ARDS remain elusive. Methods In this study, we administered triptolide in a mouse model of ARDS, and whole transcriptome sequencing was applied to identify meaningful miRNAs and validate them in vitro. Results The results showed that triptolide may reduce the inflammatory response in ARDS by regulating miR-9-5p. The data further proved that LRG1 and CLDN5 expression are regulated by miR-9-5p, and triptolide can down-regulate the expression of miR-9-5p by regulating negatively the expression of LRG1 and CLDN5. Conclusion Our study revealed that miR-9-5p was the specific miRNAs that plays key role in triptolide’s alleviation of ARDS inflammation by regulating target genes, and its inhibitory effect on LRG1 and CLDN5 expression was verified.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Zengkui Lu ◽  
Jianbin Liu ◽  
Jilong Han ◽  
Bohui Yang

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is strongly selected in both fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep and may be a candidate gene for sheep tail type selection. However, the mechanism of action of BMP2 in sheep tail fat deposition remains unclear. This study investigated genetic variation and haplotype combinations of the BMP2 gene in sheep with different tail types, aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism of BMP2 in sheep tail fat deposition. We detected a total of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.48401619 T > A, g.48401272 C > A, and g.48401136 C > T) among 533 sheep. The alleles and genotype frequencies of these SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and showed significant correlations with tail length. Linkage disequilibrium existed between the g.48401272 C > A and g.48401136 C > T sites, where CACT was the predominant genotype. At the cellular level, the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were upregulated after BMP2 overexpression; there were significantly higher levels of PPARγ than controls at 0 d and 1 d, and of LPL than controls at 1 d and 7 d. These results indicate that the BMP2 gene may participate in sheep tail fat deposition and could be used for molecular-marker-assisted selection of sheep tail type.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Zheng Fu ◽  
Xiao-Yong Zhang ◽  
Jie-Ya Qiu ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Copper (Cu) toxicity has become a potential threat for citrus production, but little is known about related mechanisms. This study aims to uncover the global landscape of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to Cu toxicity so as to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and to provide valuable knowledge pertinent to Cu response in citrus. Results Tolerance of four commonly used rootstocks to Cu toxicity was evaluated, and ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ (Citrus junos) was found to be the most tolerant genotype. Then the roots and leaves sampled from ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ with or without Cu treatment were used for whole-transcriptome sequencing. In total, 5734 and 222 mRNAs, 164 and 5 lncRNAs, 45 and 17 circRNAs, and 147 and 130 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed (DE) in Cu-treated roots and leaves, respectively, in comparison with the control. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEmRNAs and targets of DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs were annotated to the categories of ‘oxidation-reduction’, ‘phosphorylation’, ‘membrane’, and ‘ion binding’. The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted pairs of DEmRNAs-DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs-DEmiRNAs, which further revealed regulatory roles of these DERNAs in Cu toxicity. Conclusions A large number of mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs in ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ were altered in response to Cu toxicity, which may play crucial roles in mitigation of Cu toxicity through the ceRNA regulatory network in this Cu-tolerant rootstock.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
xing-zheng fu ◽  
Xiao-Yong Zhang ◽  
Jie-Ya Qiu ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Copper (Cu) toxicity has become a potential threat for citrus production, but little is known about related mechanisms. This study aims to uncover the global landscape of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to Cu toxicity so as to construct a regulatory network of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and to provide valuable knowledge pertinent to Cu response in citrus. Results Tolerance of four commonly used rootstocks to Cu toxicity was evaluated, and ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ (Citrus junos ) was found to be the most tolerant genotype. Then the roots and leaves sampled from ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ with or without Cu treatment were used for whole-transcriptome sequencing. In total, 5734 and 222 mRNAs, 164 and 5 lncRNAs, 45 and 17 circRNAs, and 147 and 130 miRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed (DE) in Cu-treated roots and leaves, respectively, in comparison with the control. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEmRNAs and targets of DElncRNAs and DEmiRNAs were annotated to the categories of ‘oxidation-reduction’, ‘phosphorylation’, ‘membrane’, and ‘ion binding’. The ceRNA network was then constructed with the predicted pairs of DEmRNAs-DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs-DEmiRNAs, which further revealed regulatory roles of these DERNAs in Cu toxicity. Conclusions A large number of mRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and miRNAs in ‘Ziyang Xiangcheng’ were altered in response to Cu toxicity, which may play crucial roles in mitigation of Cu toxicity through the ceRNA regulatory network in this Cu-tolerant rootstock.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Liu ◽  
Hong Ao ◽  
Fengxia Zhang ◽  
Xitong Zhao ◽  
Huatao Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Adipose is an important body tissue in pigs, and fatty traits are critical in pig production. The function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in fat deposition and metabolism has been proven in previous studies. In this study, we focused on lncRNAs associated with fattening traits in pigs. The adipose tissue of six Landrace pigs with either extremely-high or -low backfat thickness ( n high = 3, n low = 3) was collected, after which we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing using biological replicates and pooling methods. Results: A total of 19,631 genes and 2,013 lncRNAs were identified using the coding potential calculator, coding-non-coding index, and Pfam database, including 334 known transcripts and 1,679 novel transcripts. Using edgeR, we determined that 220 lncRNAs and 1,512 genes were differentially expressed (|Fold Change| > 2 and false discovery rate < 0.05) between the two groups in biological replicate RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and 127 lncRNAs and 2,240 genes were differently expressed in pooling RNA-seq. Further Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes found that some of the genes were involved in several key pathways related to fat development. After targeting gene prediction, we determined that some cis-target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs play an important role in fat deposition. For example, ACSL3 is cis-targeted by lncRNA TCONS-00052400, and it can activate the conversion of long-chain fatty acids. In addition, lncRNA TCONS_00041740 was up-regulated in the high backfat thickness group, and its cis-target gene ACACB was also up-regulated in this group. It has been reported that ACACB is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation. Conclusions: Since these genes have necessary functions in fat metabolism, the results imply that the lncRNAs detected in our study may affect fat deposition in pigs through regulation of their target genes. In summary, our study explored the regulation of lncRNA and their target genes on fat deposition in pigs and provided new insights for further investigation of the biological functions of lncRNA.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyong Han ◽  
Huiqing Que ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Shijie Xue ◽  
Sui Lin ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease and its treatment is not fully established. Triptolide, one of Tripterygium wilfordii’s main active components, has been proved to alleviate Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Imbalance of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized as the pathogenic mechanism of various diseases, including ARDS. However, the specific miRNAs that play a key regulatory role in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide in ARDS remain elusive.Methods: In this study, we administered triptolide in a mouse model of ARDS, and whole transcriptome sequencing was applied to identify meaningful miRNAs and validate them in vitro. Results: The results showed that triptolide may reduce the inflammatory response in ARDS by regulating miR-9-5p. The data further proved that LRG1 and CLDN5 expression are regulated by miR-9-5p, and triptolide can down-regulate the expression of miR-9-5p by regulating negatively the expression of LRG1 and CLDN5.Conclusion: Our study revealed that miR-9-5p was the specific miRNAs that plays key role in triptolide’s alleviation of ARDS inflammation by regulating target genes, and its inhibitory effect on LRG1 and CLDN5 expression was verified.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Darío Martínez-Ezquerro

ResumenDesde el descubrimiento de los ácidos nucleicos en circulación sanguínea humana por Mandel y Métais en 1948, se ha demostrado la presencia del ADN y ARN circulantes (ANcir) en los distintos fluidos corporales tanto de plantas como animales. En humanos, esta presencia extracelular de ácidos nucleicos ocurre en personas sanas o con distintas condiciones clínicas.Por otro lado, la epigenética hace referencia tanto a los cambios heredables en la actividad y expresión génica (en la progenie de células o individuos), así como a las alteraciones estables de largo plazo en el potencial transcripcional de una célula que no necesariamente son heredables. Mientras tanto, el estudio del epigenoma implica la descripción completa de las modificaciones químicas tanto del DNA como de las histonas a lo largo del genoma, así como a los transcritos no codificantes (ncRNA), los cuales conforman una red de regulación que modula la estructura de la cromatina y la función del genoma, generando patrones de expresión particulares a cada tipo celular, mecanismo mediante el cual los genes establecen sus efectos fenotípicos involucrando interacciones adaptativas con el ambiente. El epigenoma circulante se observa mediante el análisis en los fluidos corporales de las modificaciones al DNA e histonas, así como de los ncRNA, que de manera individual o conjunta participan en la regulación de la expresión de transcritos, tanto codificantes como no codificantes.En este capítulo se sintetiza el conocimiento de los ANcir en distintas condiciones clínicas y del epigenoma circulante, incluyendo diversos abordajes de su investigación en condiciones complejas: cáncer, embarazo, trasplante de órganos, trastornos neurodegenerativos, enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedades metabólicas, entre otras. Además, se presenta por primera vez el concepto del exoepigenoma: el estudio del efecto regulatorio de los ácidos nucleicos y proteínas exógenas sobre la expresión de genes blancos ajenos, como un mecanismo de comunicación celular sistémico e inter-organísmico. La función y biología de este mecanismo de regulación exoepigenómico requieren de mayor estudio, en particular, para el abordaje de condiciones normales y patológicas desde una perspectiva ecológico-evolutiva compleja.AbstractSince the discovery of nucleic acids in human blood circulation by Mandel and Métais in 1948, the presence of circulating DNA and RNA (CNAs) in body fluids of both plants and animals has been demonstrated. In humans, this extracellular presence of nucleic acids occurs in healthy people and in those with clinical conditions.On the other hand, epigenetics refers to both heritable changes in gene activity and expression (in the progeny of cells or individuals), as well as long-term stable alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable. Meanwhile, the study of the epigenome involves the complete description of the chemical modifications of both DNA and histones throughout the genome, as well as non-coding transcripts (ncRNA), which form a regulatory network that modulates chromatin structure and genome function, generating expression patterns particular to each cell type, a mechanism by which genes establish their phenotypic effects involving adaptive interactions with the environment. The circulating epigenome is observed through the analysis in body fluids of modifications to DNA and histones, as well as ncRNA, which individually or jointly participate in the regulation of transcriptional expression, both coding and non-coding.This chapter synthesizes the knowledge of CNAs in different clinical conditions and of the circulating epigenome, including various research approaches in complex conditions: cancer, pregnancy, organ transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases, among others. In addition, the concept of the exoepigenome is presented for the first time, which refers to the study of the regulatory role of exogenous nucleic acids and proteins on the expression of foreign target genes, as a systemic and inter-organismic cellular communication mechanism. The function and biology of this exoepigenomic regulatory mechanism require further study, particularly, to address normal and pathological conditions from a complex ecological-evolutionary perspective.


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