scholarly journals Anton Ghon and His Colleagues and Their Studies of the Primary Focus and Complex of Tuberculosis Infection and Their Relevance for the Twenty-First Century

Respiration ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peter R. Donald ◽  
Andreas H. Diacon ◽  
Stephanie Thee
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
First Century ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Primary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extensive Calcification ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Haematogenous Spread ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Tuberculosis Activity ◽  
Anatomical Pathology

Anton Ghon is well known in the field of childhood tuberculosis, and the tuberculosis primary focus and complex are frequently called the Ghon focus and complex; this is largely the result of the wide publication of the English translation of his monograph <b>“</b>Der primäre Lungenherd bei der Tuberkulose der Kinder.” Ghon’s studies are frequently quoted, but precise details of his monograph are neglected, his results often misquoted, and his later publications virtually unknown. This review highlights aspects of Ghon’s anatomical pathology studies in children and adults not necessarily dying of tuberculosis but with signs of tuberculosis infection. Ghon found a single primary tuberculosis focus in approximately 80% of tuberculosis-infected children situated close to the pleura in two-thirds of cases. Cavitation of the focus was common, and lymphatic spread involved lymph nodes in the abdomen and neck in many children. Studies amongst adults and children frequently found the healed primary tuberculosis focus to be completely calcified without histological signs of tuberculosis activity; however, particularly in the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, histological signs of tuberculosis activity were often found in the lymph nodes of the angulus venosus, despite apparent healing with extensive calcification. Both earlier studies and more recent investigations, with molecular biological tools, unavailable to Ghon and earlier researchers, have confirmed the presence of viable mycobacteria in apparently normal or healed thoracic nodes and also found molecular biological indications of viable mycobacteria in these nodes. As suggested by Ghon, lympho-haematogenous spread of tuberculosis may be more common than is usually appreciated.

Cytopathology Lymphadenopathy Feature in HIV Positve Patient: Diagnosis Tools Comorbidities

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrayati Agustina ◽  
Yenni Wisudarma ◽  
Ris Kristiana ◽  
Bethy S. Hernowo
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Anatomical Pathology

Lymphadenopathy is enlarged lymph nodes caused by infection, inflammation or malignancy. On HIV positive patients, lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical manifestations and it is usually persistent. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is an effective cytology technique in determining the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. This study aimed to describe the cytopathology of lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients. This is a descriptive study of 21 cases of lymphadenopathy in patients with HIV positive who underwent FNAB examination in Anatomical Pathology Department of Dr.Hasan Sadikin Hospital between 2013-2014. Medical data was taken from the patient medical records including age, sex, location, size and cytopathological diagnosis. Cytopathology overview of FNAB specimens were reassessed by 2 pathologists. In this study, lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients were mainly found in men (n = 15.71%) with an average age between 20-30 years. The most frequent location was the neck (n = 20.95.2%). The lymph nodes size were found between 0.5-3 cm. Most diagnosis was tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 15.71%) with the most common cytology feature was granulomatous lymphadenitis (n = 5.33.3%) and suppurative lymphadenitis (n = 5.33.3%). FNAB examination in lymphadenopathy is very helpful to identify the cause of infection in HIV positive patients. Keywords: FNAB, HIV, lymphadenopathy, cytopathology

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND THE ACCOUNTING AND ECONOMIC PRACTICES OF A SOCIETY: EVIDENCE FROM THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Herda ◽  
Stephen A. Reed ◽  
William F. Bowlin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Dead Sea Scrolls ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
First Century ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the Dead Sea Scrolls to demonstrate how Essene socio-religious values shaped their accounting and economic practices during the late Second Temple period (ca. first century BCE to 70 CE). Our primary focus is on the accounting and commercial responsibilities of a leader within their community – the Examiner. We contend that certain sectarian accounting practices may be understood as ritual/religious ceremony and address the performative roles of the Essenes' accounting and business procedures in light of their purity laws and eschatological beliefs. Far from being antithetical to religious beliefs, we find that accounting actually enabled the better practice and monitoring of religious behavior. We add to the literature on the interaction of religion with the structures and practices of accounting and regulation within a society.

The employment miracle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fratzscher
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
German Society ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
New Jobs

After reaching a low point of economic dynamism and employment in 2005, a state of affairs in which it came to be regarded as the “sick man of Europe,” Germany achieved impressive, indeed apparently miraculous growth in employment. In the process German society cut unemployment in half and created almost 5 million new jobs. In this chapter’s discussion, the primary focus is on the different elements and causes that have gone into the employment miracle in Germany since the start of the twenty-first century. In addition, the chapter highlights the underlying weaknesses and problems in Germany’s labor market as the century’s second decade nears its close.

Aspergillus fumigatus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. S. Onions
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Haematogenous Spread ◽  
Primary Focus

Abstract A description is provided for Aspergillus fumigatus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common as a saprophyte in soil and fermenting vegetable matter. Pathogenic to mammals (including man), birds and insects. DISEASES: The most serious diseases caused by this fungus are the acute and chronic infections of the respiratory system (aspergillosis, aspergilloma) of man (Austwick, 1965; and many other references, e.g., RMVM 3, 677; 4, 316; 4, 549, 551) and animals (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959; Austwick, 1965). It may also infect the cardiovascular, digestive, genital, musculoskeletal, nervous, and urinary systems, such infections usually following haematogenous spread of the pathogen from a primary focus in the lungs or air sacs. It is the most common cause of mycotic abortion in cattle (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959; Austwick, RMVM 5, 660; Dijkstra; RMVM 5, 92) and less often in horses (Hensel et al. ; RMVM 4, 1227). Aspergillus fumigatus may also infect the ear (otomycosis) and mastoid cavity, the eye and sinuses (mycoses). Aspergillosis is a major disease of birds and is a cause of considerable losses in the poultry industry, particularly of very young birds (brooder pneumonia) (Vertinskii et al. ; RMVM 5, 758; Vallejo; 5, 940). It is also common in captive wild birds, especially water birds (Ainsworth & Rewell; RMVM 1, 2090; Dathe; 4, 1948; Saez; 4, 811), but reports of infections in free-living wild birds are more rare (Beer; RMVM 4, 2177; McDiarmid; 2, 1761; Rosen, 5, 558). A. fumigatus also invades eggs. Aspergillus fumigatus spores may induce allergic reactions in man, resulting in hay fever, asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. It also produces toxins (Ainsworth & Austwick, 1959; Austwick, 1965). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: Soil and air-borne. Disease incidence appears to be related to heavy infection from house dust, mouldy hay or straw, litter, or feeding stuffs (Austwick, 1965; Austwick, RMVM 5, 3b).

scholarly journals A rare case of primary tuberculosis infection with concurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohamed Al Bisher
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Parotid Tumor ◽  
Primary Tuberculosis

Coexistence of parotid tuberculosis along with a benign parotid tumor is a rare entity with only nine cases reported in the literature. We report here a case of primary parotid tuberculosis with concurrent pleomorphic adenoma in a 51-year-old female.

scholarly journals A study of 235 cases of human brucellosis in Sana’a, Republic of Yemen

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Al Shamahy ◽  
S. G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

We studied the clinical characteristics of brucellosis among all patients with brucellosis referred to the Central Health Laboratory from the main hospitals in Sana’a during a 2-year period [1992-93] [235 adults and children]. A history was taken from each patient and clinical examination, general laboratory tests and brucellosis laboratory tests carried out. The overall clinical picture of brucellosis in this study is very similar to that reported by other workers in this geographical area. Awareness of the presenting features and the realization that brucellosis should be part of the differential diagnosis of febrile patients with enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes will lead to an increasing index of suspicion for this disease.

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