scholarly journals Analysis of Cannabidiol, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Acids in CBD Oil/Hemp Oil Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. ElSohly ◽  
Timothy P. Murphy ◽  
Ikhlas Khan ◽  
Larry W. Walker ◽  
Waseem Gul
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Cannabidiolic Acid ◽  
Hemp Oil

Hemp products are readily available and are aggressively marketed for their health and medicinal benefits. Most consumers of these products are interested because of cannabidiol (CBD), which has taken the natural products industry by storm. The CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) concentrations in these products are often absent, and even where labeled, the accuracy of the label amounts is often questionable. In order to gain a better understanding of the CBD content, fifty hemp products were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for CBD, Δ9-THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCAA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Δ9-THCAA and CBDA are the natural precursors of Δ9-THC and CBD in the plant material. Decarboxylation to Δ9-THC and CBD is essential to get the total benefit of the neutral cannabinoids. Therefore, analysis for the neutral and acid cannabinoids is important to get a complete picture of the chemical profile of the products. The GC-MS method used for the analysis of these products was developed and validated. A 10-m × 0.18-mm DB-1 (0.4 μ film) column was used for the analysis. The majority of the hemp products were oils, one of the products was hemp butter, one was a concentrated hemp powder capsule, and another was a hemp extract capsule. Most of the products contained less than 0.1% CBD and less than 0.01% Δ9-THC. Three products contained 0.1–1% CBD, and 2 products contained 0.1–0.9% Δ9-THC. All of the samples appeared to be decarboxylated since the CBDA and Δ9-THCAA results were less than 0.001%. The developed method is simple, sensitive, and reproducible for the detection of Δ9-THC, Δ9-THCAA, CBD, and CBDA in CBD oil/hemp products.

Studies on the Chemical Profile of Some Melliferous Plant from Cluj Area, Romania, Using Different Extraction Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2529-2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Balea ◽  
Maria Pojar Fenesan ◽  
Irina Ciotlaus
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Alcoholic Extraction ◽  
New Compounds

In this paper chemical compounds collected from melliferous plants (Cluj, Transylvania-area flora) using two methods and identified by GC-MS were presented. The melliferous plant studied : acacia, rape, linden and sun flower, represent a rich source of nectar and pollen used in the honey production. The methods were SPME (solid phase microextraction) coupled with GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and alcoholic extraction of flowers followed by GC-MS. It was pursued in special the identifying of components with semiochimical role. They were identified a total of 158 compounds, from which some semiochemical compounds were already known, but also new compounds were discovered.

Lipids of aquatic sediments, recent and ancient

1979 ◽  
Vol 293 (1400) ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aquatic Sediments ◽  
Abundance Patterns

Computerized gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (g.c.-m.s.) is now an essential tool in the analysis of the complex mixtures of lipids (geolipids) encountered in aquatic sediments, both Recent (less than 1 Ma (10 6 years) old) and ancient. Most geolipid studies have been performed in the e.i. mode at low resolution but the techniques now being applied include c.i. and h.r.m.s. The large quantities of data acquired from capillary g.c.-m.s. runs necessitate fast data acquisition and data processing, including the capability for the automatic selection and refinement of key spectra. Even so, the chemist is faced with the identification and/or recognition of at least several hundred good quality spectra from a single run. Fast routine search procedures are useful here, especially for known compounds, while classification routines based on established rules for manual interpretation can be of assistance even with novel compounds. Examples from recent studies (at Bristol) of contemporary, Recent and ancient sediments, are presented. Geolipids show abundance patterns of homologous series which, while related to those of known organisms, display many novel features, including extensive carbon number ranges and stereospecific distributions. Additionally, certain carbon skeleton types, commonly thought to be rare as natural products, are major components of geolipid fractions, presumably reflecting the composite inputs and early microbial diagenetic activity.

Supercritical fluid extraction of Z-sabinene hydrate-rich essential oils from Romanian Mentha hybrids

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Gh. Pop ◽  
Danielle Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mild Conditions

The green solvent SC­CO2 was used to extract the volatile part, rich in thermolabile compounds, Z-sabinene hydrate and its acetate, from a Romanian mint hybrid. The best yield, 2.26%, was obtained at 92­94 bar, 50 °C (SFE 2). Kinetic study of SC­CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation and monitoring by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC­MS) analysis established optimal conditions for SC­CO2 extracts with a high content of Z-sabinene hydrate (43.5%) and its acetate (19.15%) and flavor similar to plant material (P = 90­100 bar, T = 50 °C). Only at the beginning of hydrodistillation was it possible to obtain a high content of Z-sabinene hydrate (37.3%, after 70 min), but a high content of its acetate never could be reached. This study suggests a way to obtain Z-sabinene hydrate from a natural source and reveals the importance of mild conditions to keep what is valuable in nature.

scholarly journals Volatile Compounds of the Curry Plant

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denys J. Charles ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Geranyl Propionate

The curry plant [Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don in Loudon ssp. italicum or H. angustifolium (Lam.) DC (Asteraceae)], a popular ornamental herb with a curry-like aroma, was chemically evaluated to identify the essential oil constituents responsible for its aroma. Leaves and flowers from greenhouse-grown plants were harvested at full bloom. Essential oils were extracted from the dried leaves via hydrodistillation and the chemical constituents analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry. The essential oil content was 0.67% (v/w). Sixteen compounds were identified in the oil and included: neryl acetate (51.4%), pinene (17.2%), eudesmol (6.9%), geranyl propionate (3.8%),β-eudesmol (1.8%), limonene (1.7%), and camphene (1.6%). While the aroma of the curry plant is similar to that of a mild curry powder, the volatile chemical profile of the curry plant does not resemble that reported for commercial curry mixtures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document