New Reference Values for Thyroid Volume and a Comprehensive Assessment for Influencing Factors in Chinese Adults with Iodine Sufficiency

Objectives: The reference values for thyroid volume (Tvol) determined by ultrasound require supportive data of normal Tvol from local iodine-sufficient populations. This study aimed to explore new reference values for Tvol in Chinese adults and comprehensively evaluate the factors associated with enlarged Tvol. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tianjin, China. Tvol was measured by ultrasound in adults with long-term iodine sufficiency. Blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate biochemical indexes, thyroid function, and iodine status. Results: A total of 1,991 adults from the urban and suburban areas were analysed. The trend of Tvol increasing with age was observed in men under age 40 years and in women under age 52 years. In the quantile regression analyses, we found that body surface area (BSA) (β = 7.22, 95% CI: 5.33, 9.12), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = −1.48, 95% CI: −2.39, −0.57), thyroid nodules (TNs) (β = 6.70, 95% CI: 2.19, 11.22), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (β = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.17) had a strong effect on Tvol at higher percentiles in males. The dominant factors influencing Tvol were BSA (β = 9.64, 95% CI: 2.66, 16.61), TSH (β = −0.78, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.39), and TNs (β = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.79) in females. The largest reference values for Tvol based on BSA were 20.18 (17.79, 24.32) mL in males and 15.31 (14.05, 16.70) mL in females. Conclusions: Quantile regression analyses showed that a high BSA index, a decreased TSH level, and the prevalence of TNs were essential factors associated with the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Our findings reported the new reference values for Tvol determined by ultrasound based on gender and BSA in Chinese adults.

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Reference values and factors associated with hand grip strength among older adults living in southeastern Poland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89408-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽

Agnieszka Ćwirlej-Sozańska ◽

Justyna Kilian ◽

Natalia Wołoszyn ◽

Bernard Sozański ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older People ◽

Reference Values ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normative Values ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractHandgrip strength (HGS) is used as a biomarker for the state of health of older people, but the number of research publications containing the normative values of HGS in older adult populations is limited. The aim of the study was to define reference values and factors associated with HGS in older adults living in southeastern Poland. A cross-sectional study including 405 participants aged 65 and older was conducted. Handgrip strength for the dominant hand was assessed by the average of three trials using a JAMAR dynamometer. The sample was categorized into the following age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, 75–79 years, 80–84 years, 85 and over. The average HGS was 19.98 kg (16.91 kg for women and 26.19 kg for men). There was a decrease in handgrip strength across the age range in both sexes. The average handgrip strength of the older people was 17.97 kg (14.47 kg for women and 25.66 kg for men) for those aged 80–85 and 16.68 kg (13.51 kg for women and 21.77 kg for men) in the group over 85 years old. In both sexes, marital status was an independent factor associated with reduced handgrip strength. In conclusion, this study described, for the first time, handgrip strength values for the southeastern Polish population aged ≥ 65 years according to age and gender.

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Iodine status and thyroid function among Spanish schoolchildren aged 6–7 years: the Tirokid study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000660 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (9) ◽

pp. 1623-1631 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L. Vila ◽

S. Donnay ◽

J. Arena ◽

J. J. Arrizabalaga ◽

J. Pineda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Reference Values ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Tsh Levels

AbstractI deficiency is still a worldwide public health problem, with children being especially vulnerable. No nationwide study had been conducted to assess the I status of Spanish children, and thus an observational, multicentre and cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain to assess the I status and thyroid function in schoolchildren aged 6–7 years. The median urinary I (UI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in whole blood were used to assess the I status and thyroid function, respectively. A FFQ was used to determine the consumption of I-rich foods. A total of 1981 schoolchildren (52 % male) were included. The median UI was 173 μg/l, and 17·9 % of children showed UI<100 μg/l. The median UI was higher in males (180·8 v. 153·6 μg/l; P<0·001). Iodised salt (IS) intake at home was 69·8 %. IS consumption and intakes of ≥2 glasses of milk or 1 cup of yogurt/d were associated with significantly higher median UI. Median TSH was 0·90 mU/l and was higher in females (0·98 v. 0·83; P<0·001). In total, 0·5 % of children had known hypothyroidism (derived from the questionnaire) and 7·6 % had TSH levels above reference values. Median TSH was higher in schoolchildren with family history of hypothyroidism. I intake was adequate in Spanish schoolchildren. However, no correlation was found between TSH and median UI in any geographical area. The prevalence of TSH above reference values was high and its association with thyroid autoimmunity should be determined. Further assessment of thyroid autoimmunity in Spanish schoolchildren is desirable.

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Independent Associations of Thyroid-Related Hormones with Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Euthyroid Overweight/Obese Chinese Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-536960/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Danyan Ma ◽

Jinyang Zeng ◽

Bingkun Huang ◽

Fangfang Yan ◽

Jiawen Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fatty Liver Index ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Independent Association

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the independent association of free triodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 88 overweight/obese adults who underwent anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)), hepatic steatosis assessment (FibroScan) and thyroid-related hormones tests was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Xiamen, China.Results: Subjects with increasing tertiles of FT3 showed significantly higher levels of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ((295.4±44.1, 290.1 ± 68.2 and 331.7 ± 43.6 (dB/m) for tertile 1-3, respectively, p=0.007) and fatty liver index (FLI) score (47.7 (33.9-60.8), 61.5 (45.1-88.9) and 90.5 (84.5-94.8), respectively, p<0.001). FT3 significantly and positively correlated with obesity index (BMI, WC, and WHtR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hepatic steatosis (CAP and FLI). Multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounding factors showed FT3 was independently associated with BMI (regression coefficient (β(95%CI): 0.024(0.004-0.043), p=0.020), HOMA-IR (β(95%CI): 0.091(0.007-0.174), p=0.034), CAP (β(95%CI): 25.45(2.59-48.31), p=0.030) and FLI (β(95%CI): 0.121(0.049-0.194), p=0.001). Neither FT4 nor TSH was significantly associated with any indicators of obesity, insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis.Conclusions: Increased FT3, but not FT4 or TSH, was independently associated with higher risks of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults.Trial registration: Registration is not applicable for our study.

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Independent associations of thyroid-related hormones with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-02011-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danyan Ma ◽

Jinyang Zeng ◽

Bingkun Huang ◽

Fangfang Yan ◽

Jiawen Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fatty Liver Index ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study is to explore the independent association of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Methods A cross-sectional study of 88 overweight/obese adults who underwent anthropometric measurements [BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)], hepatic steatosis assessment (FibroScan) and thyroid-related hormones tests was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in Xiamen, China. Results Subjects with increasing tertiles of FT3 showed significantly higher levels of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) ((295.4 ± 44.1, 290.1 ± 68.2 and 331.7 ± 43.6 (dB/m) for tertile 1–3, respectively, p = 0.007) and fatty liver index (FLI) score (47.7 (33.9–60.8), 61.5 (45.1–88.9) and 90.5 (84.5–94.8), respectively, p < 0.001). FT3 significantly and positively correlated with obesity index (BMI, WC, and WHtR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and hepatic steatosis (CAP and FLI). Multivariable linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounding factors showed FT3 was independently associated with BMI (regression coefficient (β (95%CI): 0.024 (0.004–0.043), p = 0.020), HOMA-IR (β (95%CI): 0.091 (0.007–0.174), p = 0.034), CAP (β (95%CI): 25.45 (2.59–48.31), p = 0.030) and FLI (β (95%CI): 0.121 (0.049–0.194), p = 0.001). Neither FT4 nor TSH was significantly associated with any indicators of obesity, insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. Conclusions Increased FT3, but not FT4 or TSH, was independently associated with higher risks of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults. Trial registration Registration is not applicable for our study.

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Associations of adiposity measurements with thyroid nodules in Chinese children living in iodine-sufficient areas: an observational study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016706 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e016706 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Na Wang ◽

Hong Fang ◽

Chaowei Fu ◽

Peixin Huang ◽

Meifang Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Chinese Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Sufficiency

ObjectivesObesity has been found to be associated with an elevated risk of thyroid nodule(s), mainly in adults; however, evidence for this association in children was limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of adiposity and thyroid nodule(s) in children living in iodine-sufficiency areas.Setting and participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 1403 Chinese children living in the East Coast of China in 2014.Outcome measuresAnthropometric measures including height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were taken, and body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA) and waist–hip ratio (WHR) were then calculated. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed to assess thyroid volume and nodules.ResultsBased on BMI, 255 (18.17%) children were overweight and 174 (12.40%) were obese. Thyroid nodule(s) was detected in 18.46% of all participants and showed little age and sex variations. As compared with normal-weight children, obese children experienced significantly higher risks for solitary (OR 2.07 (95% CI 1.16 to 3.71)) and multiple (OR 1.67 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.70)) thyroid nodules. Similar associations with thyroid nodule(s) were observed with adiposity measured by waist circumference and BSA, but not WHR. There were no notable differences in the associations between children consuming iodised and non-iodised salt.ConclusionsThese findings provide further evidence that childhood obesity is associated with the risk for thyroid nodule(s).

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Free Triiodothyronine Concentrations Are Inversely Associated with Microalbuminuria

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/959781 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yulin Zhou ◽

Lei Ye ◽

Tiange Wang ◽

Jie Hong ◽

Yufang Bi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ratio Measurement ◽

Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

Thyroid function and microalbuminuria are both associated with vascular disease and endothelial damage. However, whether thyroid function is associated with microalbuminuria is not well established. The objective was to explore the relationship between thyroid hormones and microalbuminuria in Chinese population. A community-based cross-sectional study was performed among 3,346 Chinese adults (aged ≥ 40 years). Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. A single-void first morning urine sample was obtained for urinary albumin-creatinine ratio measurement. The prevalence of microalbuminuria decreased according to FT3 quartiles (13.2, 9.5, 8.6, and 8.2%,Pfor trend = 0.0005). A fully adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that high FT3 levels were associated with low prevalent microalbuminuria. The adjusted odds ratios for microalbuminuria were 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.87,P= 0.007) when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of FT3. The exclusion of participants with abnormal FT3 did not appreciably change the results (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.49–0.98,P= 0.02). We concluded that serum FT3 levels, even within the normal range, were inversely associated with microalbuminuria in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. FT3 concentrations might play a role in the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria.

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