The Role of Cell Blocks and Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance Bethesda Category

Introduction: Thyroid cytology is a widely accepted tool in the clinical triaging of nodular lesions. Cell blocks (CBs) can help in the diagnosis of atypical lesions, namely, thyroid Bethesda category of Atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). Methods: In a series of 224 AUS/FLUS thyroid samples with CB, we studied CB cellularity and feasibility of 3 immunohistochemical markers (cytokeratin 19 [CK19], HBME-1, and galectin-3) apart and in combination. Results: The CBs were non-diagnostic in 34 cases. Twenty-four CBs contained <10 cells, 45 CBs 10–50 cells, and 121 CBs >50 cells. Notably, more cellularity was found in CBs performed by plasma-thrombin and in-house techniques (p < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy to detect malignancy was 65.1% for CK19, 72.1% for HBME-1, and 70.3% for galectin-3. Conclusion: In conclusion, CB cellularity is essential for successful immunohistochemistry application and further diagnostic workup of AUS/FLUS cases.

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Expression of CK-19, galectin-3, and HBME-1 in the differentiation of thyroid lesions: Systematic review and DIAGNOSTIC meta-analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21151 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e21151-e21151

Author(s):

Leandro Luongo Matos ◽

Adriana Braz Del Giglio ◽

Carolina MATSUBAYASHI Ogawa ◽

Michelle de lima Farah ◽

Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

False Negative ◽

Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Thyroid Lesions

e21151 Background: The distinction between malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland often requires histological demonstration, once the fine-needle aspiration biopsy method applied pre-operatively has some limitations. In an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy, markers have been studied by immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry techniques, mainly cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 (HBME-1). However, current results remain controversial. The aim of the present article was to establish the diagnostic accuracy of CK-19, Gal-3 and HBME-1 markers, as well as their associations, in the differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid lesions. Methods: A systematic review of MEDLINE’s published articles was performed. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 articles were selected. The technique of meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was employed, and global values of sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC), and diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) were calculated. Results: The positivity ofCK-19 for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid lesions demonstrated sensitivity of 81% (IC95%: 79-83%), specificity of 73% (IC95%: 70-75%), AUC of 87,5% and dOR of 14,7 (IC95%: 8,2-26,4); for Gal-3, sensitivity of 82% (IC95%: 81-84%), specificity of 81% (IC95%: 79-82%), AUC of 90% and dOR of 23,4 (IC95%: 14,0-39,1); and for HBME-1, sensitivity of 77% (IC95%: 76-79%), specificity of 83% (IC95%: 82-85%), AUC of 92,8% and dOR of 41,0 (IC95%: 21,4-78,4). The association of the three markers determined sensitivity of 85% (IC95%: 78-90%), specificity of 97% (IC95%: 90-99%), AUC of 93,3% and dOR of 95,1 (IC95%: 25,2-359,1). Conclusions: The search for new molecular markers must continue in order to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of the differentiation between malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland, since the results found still show persistency of false-negative and false-positive tests.

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The Immunocytochemistry Is a Valuable Tool in the Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in FNA's Using Liquid-Based Cytology

Journal of Oncology ◽

10.1155/2010/963926 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou ◽

Nikolas Mygdakos ◽

Kyriaki Boglou ◽

Anastasia kiziridou ◽

Alexandra Chrisoulidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Papillary Thyroid Cancer ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Cytological Features ◽

E Cadherin

Introduction. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid. An accurate cytological diagnosis is based on distinctive cytological features in combination with immunocytochemistry.Methods. A number of 83 fine needle aspirations, positive for papillary thyroid cancer (44 from thyroid nodules and 39 from cervical lymph nodes), were studied using Thin Layer Cytology. A panel of the immunomarkers Cytokeratin-19, Galectin-3, HBME1, CD-44, CD-56, and E-Cadherin was performed.Results. Positive expression of CK-19 was observed in 77 cases (92.7%), of Galectin-3 in 74 cases (89.1%), of HBME1 in 65 (78.3%), and of CD-44 in 72 cases (86.7%). Loss of expression of CD-56 was observed in 80 cases (96.4%) and of E-cadherin in 78 (93.9%).Conclusions. Our data suggest that Thin Layer Cytology increases the diagnostic accuracy in papillary carcinoma and seems to be a promising technique for further investigation of thyroid lesions permitting the possibility to use archive material. Positive immunoexpression of CK-19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, and CD-44 improves the diagnostic accuracy of papillary thyroid cancer. Furthermore, loss of E-cadherin and of CD-56 expression is a feature of malignancy.

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Value of cytokeratin-19, Hector Battifora mesothelial-1 and galectin-3 immunostaining in the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/jlp.jlp_106_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 200-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rajasekhar Sanuvada ◽

Rukmangadha Nandyala ◽

Amit Kumar Chowhan ◽

Phaneendra Bobbidi ◽

Mutheeswariah Yootla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesothelial Cell ◽

Follicular Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Neoplasms ◽

Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Adenomatous Goiter ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

A Prospective Study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of types and aggressiveness of thyroid cancers is difficult. The "gold standard" in diagnosis is using routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Several markers have been investigated for differentiating them among which cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), Hector Battifora mesothelial cell (HBME-1), and galectin-3 are found to be most commonly used. Most studies have evaluated the single expression of markers in various thyroid lesions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To know the value of immunohistochemical expression of CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 in diagnosing thyroid neoplasms. To study the expression and compare the results of HBME-1, CK-19, and galectin-3 immunohistochemical markers in histopathologically diagnosed malignant lesions and nonmalignant lesions and demonstrate their usefulness in differentiating them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out on thyroidectomy specimens sent in 10% buffered formalin to Department of Pathology, SVIMS, Tirupati, from May 2013 to August 2014. Sensitivity and specificity for each marker and their combination in diagnosis were calculated. RESULTS: Among 120 cases, nonmalignant lesions were 70 (58.33%) and malignant lesions 50 (41.67%). Among nonmalignant lesions, 65 (93%) were adenomatous goiter and 5 (7%) were follicular adenomas. In malignant lesions, 48 (96%) were papillary carcinoma and 1 (2%) each of follicular carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Among papillary carcinomas, classical were 26 (54.16%) followed by 17 follicular variant (35.41%). Galectin-3 had highest sensitivity of 90% and HBME-1 had highest specificity of 97.14%. CONCLUSIONS: Panel of HBME-1+ galectin-3 or CK-19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 increase the accuracy of diagnosis in histopathologically difficult cases.

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Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

Naseer Ahmed ◽

Masooma Naseem ◽

Javeria Farooq

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Protective Role ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Consequent Increase ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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Galectin-3 in Heart Failure – Linking Fibrosis, Remodelling and Progression

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2.33 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Christopher R deFilippi ◽

G Michael Felker ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Heart Failure Patients ◽

Large Populations ◽

Galectin 3

For many with heart failure, including the elderly and those with a preserved ejection fraction, both risk stratification and treatment are challenging. For these large populations and others there is increasing recognition of the role of cardiac fibrosis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker of fibrosis and cardiac remodelling that represents an intriguing link between inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we review the biology of galectin-3, recent clinical research and its application in the management of heart failure patients.

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Study of the prognostic role of immunohistochemical markers in a large series of breast cancer patients

10.26226/morressier.596dfd55d462b80292386f68 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David Guerrero Setas

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Large Series ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Prognostic Role ◽

Immunohistochemical Markers

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Diagnostic Role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Staging: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 552

Author(s):

Salam Awenat ◽

Arnoldo Piccardo ◽

Patricia Carvoeiras ◽

Giovanni Signore ◽

Luca Giovanella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Metastatic Disease ◽

Cancer Staging ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Pet Ct

Background: The use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted agents for staging prostate cancer (PCa) patients using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is increasing worldwide. We performed a systematic review on the role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging to provide evidence-based data in this setting. Methods: A comprehensive computer literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases for studies using 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging was performed until 31 December 2020. Eligible articles were selected and relevant information was extracted from the original articles by two authors independently. Results: Eight articles (369 patients) evaluating the role of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in PCa staging were selected. These studies were quite heterogeneous, but, overall, they demonstrated a good diagnostic accuracy of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in detecting PCa lesions at staging. Overall, higher primary PCa aggressiveness was associated with higher 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake. When compared with other radiological and scintigraphic imaging methods, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT had superior sensitivity in detecting metastatic disease and the highest inter-reader agreement. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed similar results in terms of diagnostic accuracy for PCa staging compared with PET/CT with other PSMA-targeted tracers. Dual imaging with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT may improve staging of primary PCa. Notably, 18F-PSMA-1007-PET/CT may detect metastatic disease in a significant number of patients with negative standard imaging. Conclusions: 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrated a good accuracy in PCa staging, with similar results compared with other PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals. This method could substitute bone scintigraphy and conventional abdominal imaging for PCa staging. Prospective multicentric studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Diagnostic Significance of Serum Galectin-3 in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19—A Preliminary Study

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11081136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1136

Author(s):

Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala ◽

Barbara Maziarz ◽

Paulina Dumnicka ◽

Marcin Dembiński ◽

Maria Kapusta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Organ Injury ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Preliminary Study

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hyperinflammation leading to organ injury, including respiratory failure. Galectin-3 was implicated in innate immunological response to infections and in chronic fibrosis. The aim of our preliminary study was the assessment of the diagnostic utility of serum galectin-3 in patients with COVID-19. The prospective observational study included adult patients admitted with active COVID-19 and treated in tertiary hospital between June and July 2020. The diagnosis was confirmed by the quantitative detection of nucleic acid of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in nasopharyngeal swabs. Galectin-3 was measured by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples obtained during the first five days of hospital stay. We included 70 patients aged 25 to 73 years; 90% had at least one comorbidity. During the hospital stay, 32.9% were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and 12.9% required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). Serum galectin-3 was significantly increased in patients who developed pneumonia, particularly those who required ICU admission. Positive correlations were found between galectin-3 and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, pentraxin-3), a marker of endothelial injury (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), and a range of tissue injury markers. Serum galectin-3 enabled the diagnosis of pneumonia with moderate diagnostic accuracy and the need for ICU treatment with high diagnostic accuracy. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that galectin-3 may be involved in severe COVID-19. Further studies are planned to confirm the preliminary results and to verify possible associations of galectin-3 with long-term consequences of COVID-19, including pulmonary fibrosis.

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