scholarly journals Local immunosuppression in WZS-pig to rhesus monkey Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty: An innovative method to promote the survival of xeno-grafts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Qingfeng Liang ◽  
Guoping Li ◽  
Shutang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus ◽  
Local Immunosuppression ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Function ◽  
Slit Lamp Microscopy

Corneal xenotransplantation is an effective solution for the shortage of human corneas. We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of different postoperative protocols on xeno-Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts. Thirty rhesus monkeys were randomly divided into three groups: control group (C), only Descemet's membrane (DM) stripping; DSAEK 1 (D1) and DSAEK 2 (D2) groups, DM stripping followed by endothelial keratoplasty. Betamethasone 3.5 mg was subconjunctival injected in groups control and D1 postoperatively, while animals in group D2 were treated with topical 0.1% tacrolimus and topical steroids. All groups were evaluated by slit-lamp microscopy, anterior segment OCT and LSCM for at least nine months. A total of 24 monkeys (24 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. Nine months after DSAEK surgery, all xenografts showed good attachment, and most corneas were transparent. Graft rejection occurred in 25% of the cases in group D1 and 28.57% of those in group D2 (P > 0.05). The corneal endothelium density in the DSAEK groups was 2715.83±516.20/mm² (D1) and 2220.00 ± 565.13/mm² (D2) (P > 0.05). Xenogeneic corneal endothelial grafts can survive and function in rhesus monkey eyes for a long time with subconjunctival steroid or topical tacrolimus and steroid treatment.

IL-10-592 A/C Gene Polymorphism and Cytokine Levels are Associated with Susceptibility to Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Atefeh SADEGHI SHERMEH ◽  
Majid KHOSHMIRSAFA ◽  
Ali-Akbar DELBANDI ◽  
Payam TABARSI ◽  
Esmaeil MORTAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and especially resistant forms of it have a substantial economic burden on the community health system for diagnosis and treatment each year. Thus, investigation of this field is a priority for the world health organization (WHO). Cytokines play important roles in the relationship between the immune system and tuberculosis. Genetic variations especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact cytokine levels and function against TB. Material and Methods: In this research SNPs in IFN-γ (+874 T/A) and IL-10 (-592 A/C) genes, and the effects of these SNPs on cytokine levels in a total of 87 tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. TB patients divided into two groups: 1) 67 drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 2) 20 drug-resistant (DR-TB) according to drug sensitivity test using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the genotyping of two SNPs, the PCR-based method was used and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and control group. Results: In -592A/C SNP, only two genotypes (AA, AC) were observed and both genotypes showed statistically significant differences between DR-TB and HCs (p=0.011). IL-10 serum levels in PTB patients were higher than HCs (p=0.02). The serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in DS-TB patients than that of the other two groups (p<0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies in IFN-γ +874. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SNP at -592 position of IL-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to DR-TB. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords: Polymorphism, IFN-γ, IL-10, tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis

Comparative effects of Orchis anatolica vs. the red Korean Panax ginseng treatments on testicular structure and function of adult male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil A. Khouri ◽  
Haytham M. Daradka ◽  
Mohammed Z. Allouh ◽  
Ahmad S. Alkofahi
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Fertility Potential ◽  
And Function

Abstract: The effects of: Both plants were administered orally to two separate mice groups at a dose of 800 mg/kg/day for 35 days and compared with control group. After treatment, 5 mice of each group were sacrificed and total mice weights, reproductive organs’ weights, spermatogenesis, and androgenic serum markers were investigated. The remaining mice from all groups were allowed to mate with virgin female mice to explore male fertility potential.: Results indicated that body and organs’ weights were increased significantly in mice treated with: We can conclude that

Alteration of intrapancreatic serotonin, homocysteine, TNF-α, and NGF levels as predisposing factors for diabetes following exposure to 900-MHz waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110226
Author(s):  
Gholamali Jelodar ◽  
Mansour Azimzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Radmard ◽  
Narges Darvishhoo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Exposure to mobile phone radiation causes deleterious health effects on biological systems. The objects of this study were to investigate the effect of 900-MHz radiofrequency waves (RFW) emitted from base transceiver station antenna on intrapancreatic homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nerve growth factor (NGF) as predisposing factors involved in pancreatic beta cell damage. Thirty male rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into the control (without any exposure) and exposed groups: short time (2 h/day), long time (4 h/day), and exposed to 900-MHz RFW for 30 consecutive days. On the last days of the experiment, animals were killed and pancreas tissue was dissected out for evaluation of serotonin, Hcy, TNF-α, and NGF. There was a significant decrease in the serotonin and NGF levels in the pancreatic tissue of exposed groups compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Also, the levels of serotonin and NGF in the long-time exposure were significantly lower than the short-time exposure ( p < 0.05). However, levels of Hcy and TNF-α were significantly increased in the pancreas of exposed groups compared to the control groups ( p < 0.05). Exposure to 900-MHz RFW decreased pancreatic NGF and serotonin levels and increased the proinflammatory markers (Hcy and TNF-α), which can be a predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Topical steroids and topical tacrolimus appear safe in relation to the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Souaid ◽  
T Klejtman ◽  
N Kramkimel ◽  
C Isnard ◽  
N Dupin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus

scholarly journals Descemet membrane suturing to manage recurrent graft detachment in a patient with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty on failed penetrating keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110277
Author(s):  
Zahra Ashena ◽  
Thomas Hickman-Casey ◽  
Mayank A. Nanavaty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet Membrane ◽  
Ocular Coherence Tomography ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Intracameral Injection ◽  
History Of

A 65-year-old patient with history of keratoconus, mild cataract and penetrating keratoplasty over 30 years ago developed corneal oedema subsequent of graft failure with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of counting fingers. He underwent a successful cataract surgery combined with a 7.25 mm Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) with Sodium Hexafluoride (SF6) gas. His cornea remained oedematous inferiorly at 4 weeks, despite two subsequent re-bubbling due to persistent DMEK detachment inferiorly. This was managed by three radial full thickness 10-0 nylon sutures placed in the inferior cornea along with intracameral injection of air. Following this, his anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (OCT) confirmed complete attachment of the graft, and the sutures were removed 4 weeks later. Unaided visual acuity was 20/63 and BCVA was 20/32 after 8 months. DMEK suturing can be helpful in persistent DMEK detachments, which is refractory to repeated re-bubbling due to uneven posterior surface of previous PK.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prenatal changes in fetal cardiac morphology and function in maternal diabetes mellitus using a novel fetal speckle-tracking analysis: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Caixia Liu ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cardiac Morphology ◽  
Sphericity Index ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Due to metabolic changes in the second trimester and the increasing number of pregnant women with obesity and advanced maternal age, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains high. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GDM on fetal cardiac morphology and function, and to determine whether these changes increase with increasing estimated fetal weight (EFW). Methods Fifty-eight women with GDM (GDM group) and 58 women with a healthy pregnancy (control group) were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Each group included subgroups of 31 pregnant women with a gestational age between 24+0 weeks and 27+6 weeks as well as 27 pregnant women with a gestational age between 28+0 weeks and 40+0 weeks. For all fetuses, a cine of 2–3 s in the four-chamber view was obtained, and online speckle-tracking analysis was performed using the GE Automatic Fetal Heart Assessment Tool (fetal HQ; General Electric Healthcare Ultrasound, Zipf, Austria) to measure the global sphericity index (GSI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), fractional area change (FAC), 24-segment sphericity index (SI), and 24-segment end-diastolic diameter of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as applicable. Results The GDM group (mean HbA1c value was 5.3 ± 0.57 mmol/L) showed a lower GSI value than the control group (1.21 vs. 1.27, P = 0.000), which indicated a rounder shape of the heart. In addition, fetuses in the GDM group demonstrated significant impairment in cardiac function compared to those in the control group (LV-GLS: -18.26% vs. -22.70%, RV-GLS: -18.52% vs. -22.74%, LV-FAC: 35.30% vs. 42.36%, RV-FAC: 30.89% vs. 36.80%; P = 0.000 for all). Subgroup analyses according to gestational age (24+0–27+6 weeks and 28+0–40+0 weeks) showed that the statistical differences were retained between the GDM and control groups in each subgroup. Conclusions Fetuses of women with GDM present with signs of biventricular systolic dysfunction according to deformation analysis using fetal HQ. Additionally, the heart had a rounder shape in the GDM group than in the control group. This study showed that fetal HQ can be used to assess fetal cardiac morphology and function easily and quickly, and the effects of GDM on fetal cardiac morphology and function appeared from the second trimester. Thus, whether earlier and stricter clinical intervention was necessary remained to be further studied. Furthermore, future studies will need to supplement the effects of blood glucose levels on GLS, FAC, GSI, and 24-segment SI. Additionally, the long-term follow-up after birth should also be improved to observe the influence of changes in the indicators on the prognosis.

scholarly journals Corneal pachymetry by AS-OCT after Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friso G. Heslinga ◽  
Ruben T. Lucassen ◽  
Myrthe A. van den Berg ◽  
Luuk van der Hoek ◽  
Josien P. W. Pluim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet’S Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty ◽  
Descemet's Membrane ◽  
Descemet’S Membrane ◽  
Thickness Measurements

AbstractCorneal thickness (pachymetry) maps can be used to monitor restoration of corneal endothelial function, for example after Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). Automated delineation of the corneal interfaces in anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) can be challenging for corneas that are irregularly shaped due to pathology, or as a consequence of surgery, leading to incorrect thickness measurements. In this research, deep learning is used to automatically delineate the corneal interfaces and measure corneal thickness with high accuracy in post-DMEK AS-OCT B-scans. Three different deep learning strategies were developed based on 960 B-scans from 50 patients. On an independent test set of 320 B-scans, corneal thickness could be measured with an error of 13.98 to 15.50 μm for the central 9 mm range, which is less than 3% of the average corneal thickness. The accurate thickness measurements were used to construct detailed pachymetry maps. Moreover, follow-up scans could be registered based on anatomical landmarks to obtain differential pachymetry maps. These maps may enable a more comprehensive understanding of the restoration of the endothelial function after DMEK, where thickness often varies throughout different regions of the cornea, and subsequently contribute to a standardized postoperative regime.

scholarly journals Does Motor Training of the Nonparetic Side Influences Balance and Function in Chronic Stroke? A Pilot RCT

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pandian ◽  
Kamal Narayan Arya ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Balance and functional abilities are controlled by both sides of the body. The role of nonparetic side has never been explored for such skills.Objective. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of a motor therapy program primarily involving the nonparetic side on balance and function in chronic stroke.Method. A randomized controlled, double blinded trial was conducted on 39 poststroke hemiparetic subjects (21, men; mean age, 42 years; mean poststroke duration, 13 months). They were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=20)and control group(n=19). The participants received either motor therapy focusing on the nonparetic side along with the conventional program or conventional program alone for 8 weeks (3 session/week, 60 minutes each). The balance ability was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT) while the functional performance was measured by Barthel Index (BI).Result. After intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant(P<0.05)change on BBS (5.65 versus 2.52) and BI (12.75 versus 2.16) scores in comparison to the control group.Conclusion. The motor therapy program incorporating the nonparetic side along with the affected side was found to be effective in enhancing balance and function in stroke.

Corneal Sensitivity in Bacterial Keratitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
O. V. Zavoloka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Nondiabetic Control

The aim. To identify the features of corneal sensitivity of the sick and the fellow eye in bacterial keratitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The analysis was performed on the basis of survey data of 62 type 1 diabetes patients with bacterial keratitis and 43 nondiabetic control patients with bacterial keratitis. The examination was performed at the first visit. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, the patients underwent fluorescein test, OCT of the anterior segment of the eye, non-contact corneal aesthesiometry. Results and discussion. The average corneal sensitivity threshold in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit at all air flow temperatures exceeded the corresponding indicators in nondiabetic patients of the control group: by 33.5% at an air temperature of 5 °C, by 30.6% at 15 °C, by 28.8% at 20 °C, by 27% at 30 °C, and by 26.1% at 40 °C (p<0.05). The average corneal sensitivity threshold at a temperature of 20 °C in the fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis exceeded that in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis of the control group by 32.9 % (p<0.05). Conclusions. Corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in patients with bacterial keratitis depends on the presence of diabetes mellitus. The average threshold of corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit exceeds the corresponding values in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bacterial keratitis, corneal sensitivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document