scholarly journals Breast tumor segmentation in mammography image via Chan-Vese technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Mohammed Y. Kamil ◽  
Eman A. Radhi
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Abnormal Mammogram ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Mammography Image ◽  
Mammogram Images

The accurate segmentation of tumours is a crucial stage of diagnosis and treatment, reducing the damage that breast cancer causes, which is the most common type of cancer among women, especially after the age of forty. The task of segmenting breast tumours in mammograms is very difficult, as its difficulty lies in the lack of contrast between the tumour and the surrounding breast tissue, especially when dealing with small tumours that are not clear boundaries and hidden under the tissues. As algorithms often lose an automatic path toward the boundaries of the tumour at try to determine the site of this type of tumour. The study aims to create a clear contrast between the tumour and the healthy breast area. For this purpose, we used a Gaussian filter as a pre-processing as it works to intensify the low-frequency components while reducing the high-frequency components as the breast structure is enhanced and noise suppression. Then, CLAHE was used to improve the contrast of the image, which increases the contrast between the tumour and the surrounding tissue and sharpens the edges of the tumour. Next, the tumour was segmented by using the Chan-Vese method with appropriate parameters defined. The proposed method was applied to all abnormal mammogram images taken from a publicly available mini-MIAS database. The proposed model was tested in two ways, the first is statistical that got results (90.1, 94.8, 95.5, 92.1, 99.5) for Jaccard, Dice, PF-Score, precision, and sensitivity respectively. And the other is based on the segmented region's characteristics that results showed the algorithm could identify the tumour with high efficiency.

The Dynamics of Leakage in Bent Axis Units Without Timing Gear

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Manhartsgruber
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Flow Pulsations ◽  
Cylinder Barrel ◽  
Large Speed

Bent axis hydraulic pumps and motors are extremely popular due to their high efficiency and large speed range. A number of different concepts exist with respect to kinematic restraints on the cylinder barrel motion. Some manufacturers rely upon a timing gear for precise synchronization of the shaft and barrel speeds while other companies have successfully introduced bent axis units without such a mechanism. The paper analyses the dynamics of bent axis machines with tapered pistons driving the cylinder barrel. A rotation of the pistons inside the corresponding bores is proposed to result in changing cylinder chamber to case drain leakages. The reported phenomenon is shown to have a significant effect on the low frequency part of pressure and flow pulsations. In this way, frequency components far below the fundamental frequency associated with the shaft revolution are generated.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

ANALYSIS OF STAND RESEARCH RESULTS OF AXIAL DYNAMIC FORCE IN DRILLING BY THREE ROLLER CONE BIT

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
В. М. Мойсишин ◽  
M. V. Lyskanych ◽  
R. A. Zhovniruk ◽  
Ye. P. Majkovych
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillation ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Rock Destruction ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Harmful Effects

The purpose of the proposed article is to establish the causes of oscillations of drilling tool and the basic laws of the distribution of the total energy of the process of changing the axial dynamic force over frequencies of spectrum. Variable factors during experiments on the classical plan were the rigidity of drilling tool and the hardness of the rock. According to the results of research, the main power of the process of change of axial dynamic force during drilling of three roller cone bits is in the frequency range 0-32 Hz in which three harmonic frequency components are allocated which correspond to the theoretical values of low-frequency and gear oscillations of the chisel and proper oscillations of the bit. The experimental values of frequencies of harmonic components of energy and normalized spectrum as well as the magnitude of the dispersion of the axial dynamic force and its normalized values at these frequencies are presented. It has been found that with decreasing rigidity of the drilling tool maximum energy of axial dynamic force moves from the low-frequency oscillation region to the tooth oscillation area, intensifying the process of rock destruction and, at the same time, protecting the tool from the harmful effects of the vibrations of the bit. Reducing the rigidity of the drilling tool protects the bit from the harmful effects of the vibrations generated by the stand. The energy reductions in these fluctuations range from 47 to 77%.

A Novel Adaptive PET/CT Image Fusion Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-666
Author(s):  
Kai-jian Xia ◽  
Jian-qiang Wang ◽  
Jian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Frequency Components

Background: Lung cancer is one of the common malignant tumors. The successful diagnosis of lung cancer depends on the accuracy of the image obtained from medical imaging modalities. Objective: The fusion of CT and PET is combining the complimentary and redundant information both images and can increase the ease of perception. Since the existing fusion method sare not perfect enough, and the fusion effect remains to be improved, the paper proposes a novel method called adaptive PET/CT fusion for lung cancer in Piella framework. Methods: This algorithm firstly adopted the DTCWT to decompose the PET and CT images into different components, respectively. In accordance with the characteristics of low-frequency and high-frequency components and the features of PET and CT image, 5 membership functions are used as a combination method so as to determine the fusion weight for low-frequency components. In order to fuse different high-frequency components, we select the energy difference of decomposition coefficients as the match measure, and the local energy as the activity measure; in addition, the decision factor is also determined for the high-frequency components. Results: The proposed method is compared with some of the pixel-level spatial domain image fusion algorithms. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is feasible and effective. Conclusion: Our proposed algorithm can better retain and protrude the lesions edge information and the texture information of lesions in the image fusion.

Underwater Image Enhancement Method Combining color and Luminance

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAO Baiting ◽  
WANG Feng ◽  
JIA Xiaofen ◽  
GUO Yongcun ◽  
WANG Chengjun
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brightness Enhancement ◽  
Color Distortion ◽  
Underwater Image ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Image Contour ◽  
Objective Indicators

Background:: Aiming at the problems of color distortion, low clarity and poor visibility of underwater image caused by complex underwater environment, a wavelet fusion method UIPWF for underwater image enhancement is proposed. Methods:: First of all, an improved NCB color balance method is designed to identify and cut the abnormal pixels, and balance the color of R, G and B channels by affine transformation. Then, the color correction map is converted to CIELab color space, and the L component is equalized with contrast limited adaptive histogram to obtain the brightness enhancement map. Finally, different fusion rules are designed for low-frequency and high-frequency components, the pixel level wavelet fusion of color balance image and brightness enhancement image is realized to improve the edge detail contrast on the basis of protecting the underwater image contour. Results:: The experiments demonstrate that compared with the existing underwater image processing methods, UIPWF is highly effective in the underwater image enhancement task, improves the objective indicators greatly, and produces visually pleasing enhancement images with clear edges and reasonable color information. Conclusion:: The UIPWF method can effectively mitigate the color distortion, improve the clarity and contrast, which is applicable for underwater image enhancement in different environments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water loss in transit and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.

Despeckling of Sar Images Using Shrinkage of Two-Dimensional Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
Priya R. Kamath ◽  
Kedarnath Senapati ◽  
P. Jidesh
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
S Transform ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Shock Filter

Speckles are inherent to SAR. They hide and undermine several relevant information contained in the SAR images. In this paper, a despeckling algorithm using the shrinkage of two-dimensional discrete orthonormal S-transform (2D-DOST) coefficients in the transform domain along with shock filter is proposed. Also, an attempt has been made as a post-processing step to preserve the edges and other details while removing the speckle. The proposed strategy involves decomposing the SAR image into low and high-frequency components and processing them separately. A shock filter is used to smooth out the small variations in low-frequency components, and the high-frequency components are treated with a shrinkage of 2D-DOST coefficients. The edges, for enhancement, are detected using a ratio-based edge detection algorithm. The proposed method is tested, verified, and compared with some well-known models on C-band and X-band SAR images. A detailed experimental analysis is illustrated.

Construction of low-frequency and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorber enabled by texturing rod-like TiO2 on few-layer of WS2 nanosheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 149158
Author(s):  
Deqing Zhang ◽  
Yingfei Xiong ◽  
Junye Cheng ◽  
Hassan Raza ◽  
Chuanxu Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ws2 Nanosheets

scholarly journals Multi-scale time-frequency domain full waveform inversion with a weighted local correlation-phase misfit function

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Hu ◽  
Liguo Han ◽  
Rushan Wu ◽  
Yongzhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Full Waveform Inversion ◽  
Local Correlation ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Model Dependence ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Frequency Components

Abstract Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is based on the least squares algorithm to minimize the difference between the synthetic and observed data, which is a promising technique for high-resolution velocity inversion. However, the FWI method is characterized by strong model dependence, because the ultra-low-frequency components in the field seismic data are usually not available. In this work, to reduce the model dependence of the FWI method, we introduce a Weighted Local Correlation-phase based FWI method (WLCFWI), which emphasizes the correlation phase between the synthetic and observed data in the time-frequency domain. The local correlation-phase misfit function combines the advantages of phase and normalized correlation function, and has an enormous potential for reducing the model dependence and improving FWI results. Besides, in the correlation-phase misfit function, the amplitude information is treated as a weighting factor, which emphasizes the phase similarity between synthetic and observed data. Numerical examples and the analysis of the misfit function show that the WLCFWI method has a strong ability to reduce model dependence, even if the seismic data are devoid of low-frequency components and contain strong Gaussian noise.

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