scholarly journals Renewable energies evaluation and linking to smart grid

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Benouaz Idriss Yassine ◽  
Allaoua Boumediene
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Viable Solution

To tackle the widespread challenges encountered during the management of power flow in electrical networks, the integration of smart grid (S.G)            is proposed as a viable solution to address the environmental and economic concerns. In order to enhance overall functionality of the electric power delivery system, operation of the smart grid is governed by data-driven algorithms where various sensors and smart meters are used to collect this data. On other hand, the fluctuating cost of fossil fuels and its negative impact on the environnement has incentivized the exploitation of renewable energies in the smart grid. In the present paper, a hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind (PV/Wind) is suggested to supply a smart grid. The objective of this study is to asses the feasibility of a smart grid supplied solely by renewable energy sources. Conceptual standings of this newly suggested model are validated by simulations.

scholarly journals Impact of Crystallography on Design of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C20-C20
Author(s):  
Evgeny Antipov ◽  
Nellie Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Ion

Ninety percent of the energy produced today come from fossil fuels, making dramatically negative impact on our future due to rapid consumption of these energy sources, ecological damage and climate change. This justifies development of the renewable energy sources and concurrently efficient large storage devices capable to replace fossil fuels. Li-ion batteries have originally been developed for portable electronic devices, but nowadays new application niches are envisaged in electric vehicles and stationary energy storages. However, to satisfy the needs of these rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvement of their properties: capacity and power, cyclability, safety and cost. Cathode is the key part of the Li-ion batteries largely determining their performance. Severe requirements are imposed on a cathode material, which should provide fast reversible intercalation of Li-ions at redox potential close to the upper boundary of electrolyte stability window, possess relatively low molecular weight and exhibit small volume variation upon changing Li-concentration. First generation of the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries based on the spinel (LiM2O4, M – transition metal) or rock-salt derivatives (LiMO2) has already been widely commercialised. However, the potential to further improve the performance of these materials is almost exhausted. The compounds, containing lithium and transition metal cations together with different polyanions (XmOn)p- (X=B, P, S, Si), are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of the Li-ion batteries. Covalently-bonded structural frameworks in these compounds offer long-term structural stability, which is essential for good cyclability and safety. Further advantages are expected from combining different anions (such as (XO4)p- and F- ) in the anion sublattice, with the hope to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. Various fluoride-phosphates and fluoride-sulphates have been recently discovered, and some of them exhibit attractive electrochemical performance. An overview of the research on the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries will be presented with special emphasis on crystallography as a guide towards improved properties important for practical applications.

Increasing Penetration of DERs in Smart Grid Framework: A State-of-the-Art Review on Challenges, Mitigation Techniques and Role of Smart Inverters

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (16) ◽  
pp. 2030014
Author(s):  
Sumeet Kumar Wankhede ◽  
Priyanka Paliwal ◽  
Mukesh K. Kirar
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Smart Inverters

The world is witnessing a transformation from the conventional electrical grid into the smart grid. The smart grid can provide an effective solution to alarming problems associated with a conventional grid with increased reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) comprising of renewable energy sources (RESs) is a vital component of the smart grid. DERs not only can provide a viable solution for environmental concerns arising due to conventional fossil fuel-based plants, but can also contribute towards the system reliability. However, the integration of DERs is associated with several challenges.  Thus, the successful deployment of DERs in smart grid framework calls for a comprehensive analysis. This paper presents an exhaustive review of various challenges associated with increased penetration of DERs. An organized classification of various technical challenges along with their mitigation measures has been critically reviewed. Smart inverters equipped with advanced control structure are emerging as a potential solution to address these challenges effectively. Hence, a review of smart inverter along with its functional capabilities has also been discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Load restoration methodology considering renewable energies and combined heat and power systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.6) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder O. Alwan ◽  
Noor M. Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Power System Restoration

Outages and faults cause problems in interconnected power system with huge economic consequences in modern societies. In the power system blackouts, black start resources such as micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems and renewable energies, due to their self-start ability, are one of the solutions to restore power system as quickly as possible. In this paper, we propose a model for power system restoration considering CHP systems and renewable energy sources as being available in blackout states. We define a control variable representing a level of balance between the distance and importance of loads according to the importance and urgency of the affected customer. Dynamic power flow is considered in order to find feasible sequence and combination of loads for load restoration.

scholarly journals Towards more resilient electrical networks in urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 00015
Author(s):  
Anna Palau-Mayo ◽  
Mikel de Prada ◽  
José Luís Domínguez-García
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
System Operator ◽  
And Control

The requirement of system decarbonisation fixed by the EU 2050 plan is leading to an increased establishment of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the emergence of power electronics and ICT technologies has played a decisive role towards a novel distribution electric grid allowing new monitoring, operation and control. In parallel to the energetic transition, an increasing occurrence of extreme weather events and a reinforced concern on climate change leads to the concept of resilience, which is the capacity to adapt and recover from disruptive events in a coordinated procedure. After a fault event, assuming the objective of the system operator is to minimize the load unsupplied, the present study aims at outlining an early research state on the concept of self-healing through the development of a power flow optimization algorithm within a meshed network. Moreover, the effects of integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in order to increase distribution grid resilience as well as to ensure and secure power supply to the system leads to the clusterization of the power system. With controllable technologies, the on-outaged areas are able to disconnect from the main grid, creating islanded microgrids (MGs) which can work autonomously and consequently, increase grid resilience.

scholarly journals Hybrid Energy Scheduling in a Renewable Micro Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 375-380
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Bidirectional Power Flow ◽  
Operation Cost

In the present days, the society has been facing a lot of challenges in the energy scenario, as their dependency increases in that crisis that is to be given greater concern. As fossil fuels are turned out to be too expensive or it may be phased out, in spite of large investments, researchers suggest the renewable energy sources as a supplement for this issue. A microgrid which connects the generation units with the electrical power network and also the utility area results in the efficient utilization. The efficiency and flexibility of the power system can be optimized by installing microgrid. It combines the sources of heat and power (CHP) with renewable energy which includes wind and photovoltaic power that implies a reliable and controllable power supply. As power storage equipment’s and electric vehicles (EV) enhances the bidirectional power flow, the optimization of scheduling is needed for the EV and demand side management (DSM).In this work, with the CHP microgrid, an optimal scheduling model of the network is proposed with EV and DSM.The minimum operation cost is considered as an objective function and the optimization variable is the output of each source. A simulation study which improves the capability global search using hybrid Artificial Immune algorithm is put forward for higher feasibility.

scholarly journals Sizing, Optimization, and Financial Analysis of a Green Hydrogen Refueling Station in Remote Regions

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Kosmas A. Kavadias ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Stefanos Tzelepis
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Optimum Configuration ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
Wind Park

Hydrogen (H2) can be a promising energy carrier for decarbonizing the economy and especially the transport sector, which is considered as one of the sectors with high carbon emissions due to the extensive use of fossil fuels. H2 is a nontoxic energy carrier that could replace fossil fuels. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) can decrease air pollution and reduce greenhouse gases when H2 is produced from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and at the same time being accessible through a widespread network of Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRSs). In this study, both the sizing of the equipment and financial analysis were performed for an HRS supplied with H2 from the excess electrical energy of a 10 MW wind park. The aim was to determine the optimum configuration of an HRS under the investigation of six different scenarios with various numbers of FCEVs and monthly demands, as well as ascertaining the economic viability of each examined scenario. The effect of the number of vehicles that the installation can refuel to balance the initial cost of the investment and the fuel cost in remote regions was investigated. The results showed that a wind-powered HRS could be a viable solution when sized appropriately and H2 can be used as a storage mean for the rejected wind energy. It was concluded that scenarios with low FCEVs penetration have low economic performance since the payback period presented significantly high values.

scholarly journals Effects of solar panels on electrical networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Peter Bencs ◽  
Mohammed Al-Ktranee ◽  
Károly Marcell Mészáros
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current Energy

Today, the increasing use of solar energy contributes to the EU's energy policies. Increasing use of renewable energy sources reduces pollutant emissions, dependence on fossil fuels and improves air quality. Globally, installed photovoltaic capacity has reached 400 GW by the end of 2017, and is projected to reach 4,500 GW by 2050. In the context of this research, we would like to present a detailed presentation of the possibilities and effects of integrating solar systems into electricity networks. The integration of renewable energies into networks is of paramount importance to researchers because of current energy demand and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and environmental impacts. In this study, we highlight the effects of solar network integration on both the solar system and the public utility service. We also report on the opportunities and impacts of integration in Hungary in connection with our research. Today, solar panels are the cornerstone of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Risks of switching to renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
E.S. Romanova ◽  
A.A. Masalkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research work is devoted to the issue of studying the key risks of switching to renewable energy sources. The relevance of the topic of work is determined by the fact that, according to climatologists [5], climate change, which has a negative impact on the environment, is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, measures to prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions are at the heart of the energy transition. International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement lay the foundations for global action to combat climate change and implement a fourth energy transition. The energy transition is characterized by a number of incentives and barriers. Despite the fact that there are many scenarios for the development of the global energy sector by 2050, the expected transformations of the energy market lead to a significant redistribution of the ratio of the shares of hydrocarbon sources and renewable energy sources [16]. The trend towards fossil fuels is on the rise. These transformations in the market are determined not only by the climate agenda, but also by the concept of sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Economic Optimization of Resource Use Based on Smart Grid

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
O.V. Kubatko ◽  
V.M. Ignatchenko ◽  
S.V. Shaparenko ◽  
I.A. Starodub ◽  
D.O. Yaryomenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Smart Energy Systems

There are significant changes in society's approaches to the energy policy development in the modern world. It is observable a transition from the old model of the energy sector maintenance, which was dominated by large producers, inefficient networks, fossil fuels, imperfect competition in the markets of natural gas, coal, electricity - to a new model, which creates a more competitive environment and equalizes opportunities for development and the dominance one of the types energy production or sources of fuel supply. The traditional network is based on centralized power plants that supply electricity to consumers through simple one-way transmission and distribution systems. The bulk of the current electricity generation capacity in Ukraine is generated by fossil fuels, which significantly contributes to the increase of the carbon dioxide concentration in the Earth's atmosphere and has a corresponding negative consequences for the climate. At the same time, modern preferences are given to increasing energy efficiency and the use of energy from renewable and alternative sources. Implementation of adaptation and prevention measures for climate change is also one of the priorities of global energy development. The renewable energy promotion is causing new economic and scientific challenges for Ukraine. However, at the same time it opens new perspectives for the search and implementation of innovative developments in the field of extraction, processing of fossil fuels, energy supply and consumption, which leads to create a new energy policy of the state. The article discusses theoretical and methodological approaches that reveal the benefits of Smart Grid using. It is emphasized that ensuring energy security and environmental sustainability of the energy sector should be based on the use of renewable energy sources. The article analyzes the main factors that can affect the development of Smart Grid technology. Also, the article describes the best experience of the EU countries, which are introducing smart energy systems for the economic optimization of renewable energy sources use.

scholarly journals Analysis of the evolution in current biomass to energy strategies, policy and regulations in Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
General View ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing humankind as it has the potential to dramatically modify the living conditions of future generations. In order to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, most countries are implementing regulations aimed at reducing their dependence on fossil fuels, promoting energy efficiency practices and favoring the deployment of low carbon energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. In line with the international commitments assumed as a member of the European Union (EU) and also as a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, Spain developed a National Plan for Renewable Energies (PER 2005-2010) that forms the basis of the national strategy in this field. Spain has often been cited as an example for the rapid growth in the use of low carbon energy technologies. However, despite significant progress in the last decade, Spain is far from meeting the national objectives set in PER primarily due to slow growth in the demand for biofuels and the limited success of biomass fired power plants. The evolution in other energy technologies has been faster, situating Spain as world a leader in solar and wind energy. However, the contribution of these technologies to the national consumption is very marginal. In the midst of intense regulatory, commercial and R&D activity, this paper analyses the current situation with respect to the production of renewable energies in Spain, focusing primarily on the use of biomass resources. The paper offers a general view of policy and regulatory background, illustrates current progress towards meeting national objectives and provides a brief description of representative projects and market activity in biofuel production and biomass valorization.

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