scholarly journals Futuros contingentes: história de uma outra batalha

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-260
Author(s):  
Marco Zingano

The problem of future contingents is examined here through the vantage point of another controversy, the one over which answer Aristotle should be credited with. Two answers are attributed to Aristotle. According to the first one, which is nowadays often referred to as the traditional answer, Aristotle argued that, to prevent determinism as the valid conclusion of the argument presented at the beginning of De interpretation 9, one has to deny the universal validity of the principle of bivalence; according to the other, Aristotle accepted the validity of the principle of bivalence, but averted the conclusion of determinism by introducing the notion of indefinite verum. Both answers are examined with a view to shedding some light on this chapter that has kindled so much discussion.

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo D’Angiulli ◽  
Stefania Maggi

We studied the development of spontaneous tactile drawing in three 12-year-old children with congenital total blindness and with no previous drawing tuition. In a period of 9 months, from an initial phase in which they were taught to draw tangible straight and curve raised lines, the three blind children went on making spontaneous raised outlines representing edges, surfaces of objects, vantage point, and motion. The corpus of drawings produced by these children shows that several aspects of outline pictures can be implemented through touch. The perceptual principles represented in these drawings are comparable to those commonly found in sighted children. On the one hand, this convergence indicates similarities in the way vision and touch mediate the acquisition and the conceptualisation of spatial information from objects and the environment. On the other hand, it reflects the influence of cross-modal plasticity typically associated with early or congenital blindness. This study suggests that drawing development in general does not depend on learning pictorial conventions. Rather it seems driven by natural generativity based on children’s knowledge of space and perceptual principles.


2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarman S. Tshehla

How does a self-respecting Christian from Galilee who now finds himself based near the seat of empire relate to power in light of his faith? How are his admonishments, especially those which relate to the public arena, to be appropriated by those living on the periphery of the empire? I reflect on these questions from the vantage point of a South Africa in which on the one hand erstwhile prophets are being haunted by the vagaries of power and on the other the Church is apparently as powerless as never before.


1993 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Most

In any list of famous last words, Socrates' are likely to figure near the top. Details of the final moments of celebrities tend anyway to exert a peculiar fascination upon the rest of us: life's very contingency provokes a need to see lives nevertheless as meaningful organic wholes, defined as such precisely by their final closure; so that even the most trivial aspects of their ending can come to seem bearers of profound significance, soliciting moral reflections apparently not less urgent for their being quite unwarranted. From earliest times, this fascination with last moments has come to be concentrated in particular upon last words: situated at that most mysterious of borders, between life and death, they seem to look backwards and forwards at once, judging the speaker's own past life from the vantage-point of a future realm he is about to attain and hinting at the nature of what awaits us all from the perspective of that past life he still – however tenuously – shares with us. A moment earlier, and there is no reason to privilege any one discourse of the speaker's above another; a moment later, and his lips are sealed for ever. Only in that final moment can he seem to pass an unappealable judgement on himself, to combine in a single body two incompatible subjectivities, the one suffering and extremely mortal, the other dispassionate and transcendent. If he is a thinker or a man of action, this is his last chance to summarize a lifetime's meditation or experience in a pithy, memorable aphorism.If he is a celebrated poet, he can be imagined to have composed his own epitaph; if he is a Hellenistic poet, he may even in fact have done so.


2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro De Florio ◽  
Aldo Frigerio

The concept of soft facts is crucial for the Ockhamistic analysis of the divine knowledge of future contingents; moreover, this notion is important in itself because it concerns the structure of the facts that depend—in some sense—on other future facts. However, the debate on soft facts is often flawed by the unaware use of two different notions of soft facts. The facts of the first kind are supervenient on temporal facts: By bringing about a temporal fact, the agent can bring about these facts. However, on the one hand, the determination of the existence of these facts does not affect the past; on the other hand, assimilating divine knowledge into this kind of facts does not help the Ockhamist. The authors will argue that, to vindicate Ockhamism, another definition of “soft fact” is necessary, which turns out to be much more demanding from a metaphysical point of view.


2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-225
Author(s):  
DP Veldsman

In critical dismissal on the one hand of the viewpoint of Augustine on original sin, and on the other hand of a proposed viewpoint with regard to a theology of God’s good creation, this article explores the intimate interwoveness of aesthetics, erotism and religious experience. The basic communication structure of sender-message-receiver is taken as vantage point and translated into questions regarding the artist, the medium and  the enjoyer of art / art critic. Against a historical-terminological background of aesthetics and erotism from Plato and Aristotle to contemporary views, a theological viewpoint is developed  in playful metaphoric utilization of the concepts hand, eye and passion. Passion is acquitted in this viewpoint in which hamartological short-sightedness is replaced by loving far-sightedness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Predrag Milidrag

In the first part of the Summa theologiae St. Thomas Aquinas analyzes the cognition in God, angels and human beings; he does that by comparing and juxtaposing them. On the one side, the questions concerning divine cognition, such as the identity of the divine cognition and the divine substance, its nondiscursivity, its scope or future contingents are considered in the articles dedicated to the angels. On the other side, the proper characteristics of the human cognition in the part of the Summa on human soul, such as the active intellect, lack of inborn intelligible species, the inductive procedure in the abstracting from sense cognition, the cognition of the particulars, those problems are analyzed in the part on angelic cognition too. So, there is a structural symmetry of corresponding questions in the Summa on divine, angelic and human cognition.


Author(s):  
Reiko Ohnuma

The potency of the animal as a symbol lies in humanity’s dualistic relationship with the animal. On the one hand, we ourselves are animals; on the other hand, we define ourselves in opposition to all other animals. There is thus both kinship and otherness, identity and difference, attraction and repulsion in humanity’s relationship to the animal. Through this dualistic interplay, animality becomes a fruitful resource for defining what it means to be human. As Buddhism—arguably, more so than any other major religion—is a profoundly human-centered tradition, we should not be surprised to see Buddhist texts from India making ample use of animality in expressing Buddhism’s vision of the project of being human. Animality manifests itself, moreover, through an endless variety of different species (with different qualities, characteristics, and habitats), and thus presents us with an extremely rich pool of symbolic possibilities. The availability and potency of this pool in the world of premodern India is perhaps difficult to imagine from our own vantage point in the modern, industrialized West, where animals are retreating more and more from our everyday view and experience. This book constitutes a very preliminary effort to gain a glimpse of some of the ways in which this pool of symbolic possibilities was employed....


Author(s):  
Ana Paula Coutinho

In Thinking about the “salvation of the world” from the vantage point of photography, understood not so much as the product of an optical mechanism or as a form of social communication but as the art of the gaze, has led me to gather a series of reflections which seek to elucidate, on the one hand, the idea of “salvation” as a “reparation” paradigm in contemporary literature and, on the other, some intrinsic and extrinsic conditions, through a more or less protracted process that extends from the rendering of the photographer’s gaze by the camera to its reception by the gaze(s) of different spectators, that allow the photographic image to effectively participate in a leisurely and life-enhancing revelation of reality that all kinds of viewers can enjoy


2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Højgaard Marcussen

Louise Højgaard Marcussen: “Trends in Contemporary French Poetry. Literalism and Literary DJ’ing as Post-poetic Strategies”The article describes the post-poetic impulse in contemporary French literature. Taking the essay Sorties by Jean-Marie Gleize as vantage point, Marcussen investigates two different ways of breaking off from the essentialist poetic tradition: on the one hand a strand of poetry aiming at critical resistance towards the tradition, exemplified by a reading of Christophe Tarkos’ “Le Bol”; and on the other hand writers trying to activate tradition in new forms, exemplified through a reading of Franck Leibovici’s portraits chinois.


Author(s):  
George Thadathil

This chapter focuses on the life and achievements of Sri Narayana Guru, a transformative figure in the social, political, and intellectual landscape of modern Kerala whose impact has been felt across all communities even as he remains a largely unknown figure in north India. The manner in which one person's intervention in one community is receiving attention from individuals and groups beyond the shores of Kerala and outside the original community within which he had his receptivity is shown as providing the transformative power to effect social change not only in Kerala but even beyond. Narayana Guru and his successors in the Gurukula Foundation lineage provide the vantage point for the potential of the movement. The unique approach of the Guru in challenging domination without antagonizing the other nor deprecating the elegance of the self, cutting through the societal sham, offers a renewed 'advaita' accessible to all, as argued in this chapter.


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