scholarly journals Mammogram Diagnostics via 2-D Complex Wavelet-based Self-similarity Measures

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonghye Jeon ◽  
Orietta Nicolis ◽  
Brani Vidakovic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Complex Wavelets ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Complex Wavelet ◽  
The University

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. Mammography is currently the most eective method for detecting breast cancer early; however, radiological inter- pretation of mammogram images is a challenging task. Many medical images demonstrate a certain degree of self-similarity over a range of scales. This scaling can help us to describe and classify mammograms. In this work, we generalize the scale-mixing wavelet spectra to the complex wavelet domain. In this domain, we estimate Hurst parameter and image phase and use them as discriminatory descriptors to clas- sify mammographic images to benign and malignant. The proposed methodology is tested on a set of images from the University of South Florida Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM). Keywords: Scaling; Complex Wavelets; Self-similarity; 2-D Wavelet Scale-Mixing Spectra.

scholarly journals First Report of Colletotrichum capsici Causing Postharvest Anthracnose on Papaya in South Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. B. Tarnowski ◽  
R. C. Ploetz
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Sterile Needle ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The University

Postharvest anthracnose of papaya, Carica papaya, is an important disease in most production areas worldwide (2). Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes two types of anthracnose symptoms on papaya: (i) circular, sunken lesions with pink sporulation; and (ii) sharply defined, reddish brown and sunken lesions, described as ‘chocolate spot’ (2). Colletorichum spp. were isolated from lesions of the first type on papaya fruit from the University of Florida Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead in December 2007 and from fruit imported from Belize in March 2008 (4). Single-spore isolates were identified using colony morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mating type (MAT1-2) sequences. Two taxa were identified in both locations: (i) C. gloeosporioides (MAT1-2; GenBank Nos. GQ925065 and GQ925066) with white-to-gray, fluffy colonies with orange sporulation and straight and cylindrical conidia; and (ii) C. capsici (ITS; GenBank Nos. GU045511 to GU045514) with sparse, fluffy, white colonies with setose acervuli and falcate conidia. In addition, in Florida, a Glomerella sp. (ITS; GenBank Nos. GU045518 and GU045520 to GU045522) was recovered with darkly pigmented colonies that produced fertile perithecia after 7 to 10 days on potato dextrose agar (PDA). In each of three experiments, mature fruit (cv. Caribbean Red) were wounded with a sterile needle and inoculated with a 15-μl drop of 0.3% water agar that contained 105 conidia ml–1 of representative isolates of each taxon. The diameters of developing lesions were measured after 7 days of incubation in the dark at 25°C, and the presence of inoculated isolates was confirmed by their recovery from lesion margins on PDA. In all experiments, C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides produced lesions that were significantly larger than those that were caused by the water control and Glomerella sp. (respectively, approximately 12, 17, 0, and <1 mm in diameter). C. gloeosporioides produced sunken lesions with dark gray centers and pink/gray sporulation, which match those previously described for anthracnose on papaya (2). In contrast, C. capsici produced dark lesions due to copious setae of this pathogen; they resembled C. capsici-induced lesions on papaya that were reported previously from the Yucatan Peninsula (3). C. capsici has also been reported to cause papaya anthracnose in Asia (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first time it has been reported to cause this disease in Florida. Since it was also recovered from fruit that were imported from Belize, it probably causes anthracnose of papaya in that country as well. Another falcate-spored species, C. falcatum, was recovered from rotted papaya fruit in Texas (1). The Glomerella sp. was recovered previously from other hosts as an endophyte and causes anthracnose lesions on passionfruit (4). However, its role as a pathogen on papaya is uncertain since it was not pathogenic in the current work; the isolates that were recovered from papaya lesions may have colonized lesions that were caused by C. capsici and C. gloeosporioides. References: (1) Anonymous. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Handb. No. 165. Washington, D.C., 1960. (2) D. M. Persley and R. C. Ploetz. Page 373 in: Diseases of Tropical Fruit Crops. R. C. Ploetz, ed. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK, 2003. (3) R. Tapia-Tussell et al. Mol Biotechnol 40:293, 2008. (4) T. L. Tarnowski. Ph.D. diss. University Florida, Gainesville, 2009.

KARST IN URBAN AREAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
PHILIP VAN BEYNE ◽  
VANDA CLAUDINO-SALES ◽  
SAULO ROBERTO DE OLIVEIRA VITAL ◽  
DIEGO NUNES VALADARES
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
State University ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Important Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

In its third edition, the “William Morris Davis – Journal of Geomorphology” presents its second interview with geographers, to head the “Interviews” section, which opens each published issue. This time, it is the first international interview, carried out with Professor Philip van Beynen, from the University of South Florida, in the United States. Professor Philip van Beynen was interviewed on the topic “Karst in Urban Areas”, and brings important data on the subject, with beautiful illustrations and with examples from all over the world. The interview took place on September 17, 2020, with the participation of Vanda de Claudino-Sales (Professor of the Academic Master in Geography at the State University of Vale do Acarau-UVA) and Saulo Roberto Oliveira Vital (Professor of the Department of Geography and the Post-Graduate Program in Geography at the Federal University of Paraiba - UFPB), and was transcribed by Diego Nunes Valadares, master's student on Geography at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Professor van Beynen was born in New Zealand, where he received his degree in Geography at the University of Auckland. He earned a master's degree from the same university, and a doctorate and post-doctorate from McMaster University, Canada. He has been a professor at the School of Geoscience at the University of South Florida since 2009, where he   has been developing research related to different components of karst environments. The interview shows his great expertise on the subject, and is very much worth to be read and seen even for those who are not specialists in karst.

A Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) of Screening Mammography to Detect Breast Cancer Without a Surgical Biopsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadj Ahmed Bouarara
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
The Social ◽  
N Gram

Breast cancer has become a major health problem in the world over the past 50 years and its incidence has increased in recent years. It accounts for 33% of all cancer cases, and 60% of new cases of breast cancer occur in women aged 50 to 74 years. In this work we have proposed a computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) system that can predict whether a woman has cancer or not by analyzing her mammogram automatically without passing through a biopsy stage. The screening mammogram will be vectorized using the n-gram pixel representation. After the vectors obtained will be classified into one of the classes—with cancer or without cancer—using the social elephant algorithm. The experimentation using the digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) and validation measures—f-measure entropy recall, accuracy, specificity, RCT, ROC, AUC—show clearly the effectiveness and the superiority of our proposed bioinspired technique compared to others techniques existed in the literature such as naïve bayes, Knearest neighbours, and decision tree c4.5. The goal is to help radiologists with early detection to reduce the mortality rate among women with breast cancer.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Detection using Image Processing Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prannoy Giri ◽  
K. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Back Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Digital Database ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

Breast Cancer is one of the significant reasons for death among ladies. Many research has been done on the diagnosis and detection of breast cancer using various image processing and classification techniques. Nonetheless, the disease remains as one of the deadliest disease. Having conceive one out of six women in her lifetime. Since the cause of breast cancer stays obscure, prevention becomes impossible. Thus, early detection of tumour in breast is the only way to cure breast cancer. Using CAD (Computer Aided Diagnosis) on mammographic image is the most efficient and easiest way to diagnosis for breast cancer. Accurate discovery can effectively reduce the mortality rate brought about by using mamma cancer. Masses and microcalcifications clusters are an important early symptoms of possible breast cancers. They can help predict breast cancer at it’s infant state. The image for this work is being used from the DDSM Database (Digital Database for Screening Mammography) which contains approximately 3000 cases and is being used worldwide for cancer research. This paper quantitatively depicts the analysis methods used for texture features for detection of cancer. These texture featuresare extracted from the ROI of the mammogram to characterize the microcalcifications into harmless, ordinary or threatening. These features are further decreased using Principle Component Analysis(PCA) for better identification of Masses. These features are further compared and passed through Back Propagation algorithm (Neural Network) for better understanding of the cancer pattern in the mammography image.

scholarly journals USF PANDEMIC RESPONSE RESEARCH NETWORK (USF-PRRN): A HIGHLY INTEGRATIVE BASIC AND RESPONSIVE RESEARCH APPROACH TO COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy W. Larsen ◽  
Kathy Bradley-Klug ◽  
Michael Bloom ◽  
Howard Goldstein ◽  
Paul R. Sanberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
The University

Pandemics represent significant threats to global health and impact all aspects of human life including physical and mental health, global economics, education, public policy and communication. The diversity of impacts associated with global pandemics as well as the speed of the resulting disease spread require multidisciplinary timely approaches to address the complex interplay of factors required for pandemic mitigation. Universities provide a critical national asset for addressing pandemic mitigation as these institutions possess broad intellectual capital that can be leveraged to guide national and global responses. Universities across the United States have approached the pandemic with a variety of strategies to link disciplinary expertise to target differing aspects of the problem. The University of South Florida adapted a rapid response research network approach that essentially integrates HIBAR principles (Highly Integrative Basic and Responsive research) to address wide ranging aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This description of the USF Pandemic Response Research Network (USF-PRRN) highlights the HIBAR features of the network and how the USF-PRRN concept can be applied to other global sustainability challenges.

Effect of Screening Mammography on Breast Cancer Detection and Mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Myrlene Jeudy ◽  
Monique Swain ◽  
Mark Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
New England ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Trend Data

This widely discussed study by Bleyer and Welch published in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) “The Effects of Three Decades of Screening Mammography on Breast Cancer Incidence” concluded that screening mammography leads to a substantial overdiagnosis of early breast cancer (estimated 69% increase) while only having a small effect on late-stage breast cancer (estimated 8% decrease). In a population-based observational study, the authors utilized trend data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to examine trends on the incidence and stage of early- versus late-stage breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. They compared 2 time frames: prior to widespread mammography screening (1976–1978) and after mammography screening was introduced in the United States (2006––2008). This article reviews this NEJM article and describes several methodological assumptions by the authors that have been soundly criticized and the associated limitations. As a result of these limitations, there was an exaggeration of the overdiagnosis of early-stage disease with mammography and, more importantly, a substantial underestimate of the impact of mammography on decreasing late-stage breast cancer.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Screening and the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana H Smetherman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Screening Mammograms

Abstract The novel SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on breast radiology practices. Initially, nonessential imaging studies, including screening mammography, were curtailed and even temporarily halted when lockdowns were instituted in many parts of the United States. As a result, imaging volumes plummeted while health care institutions worked to ensure safety measures were in place to protect patients and personnel. As COVID-19 infection levels started to stabilize in some areas, breast radiology practices sought guidance from national organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and radiology specialty societies, to develop strategies for patients to safely return for screening mammograms and other outpatient imaging studies. Postponement of breast cancer screening has led to delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment that could negatively affect patient outcomes for years to come. In order to continue to provide necessary imaging services, breast radiologists will need to face and overcome ongoing practical challenges related to the pandemic, such as negative financial impacts on practices and patients, the need for modifications in delivery of imaging services and trainee education, and differences in the health care system as a whole, including the shift to telehealth for clinical care. Nonetheless, despite the disruption the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, the need for breast radiology procedures, including breast cancer screening, remains strong.

scholarly journals Shift in the surgical treatment of non-palpable breast cancer: tactile to visual

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Dowlatshahi ◽  
J. Dieschbourg
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
The United States ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Breast Cancers

Increasing number of small, early-staged breast cancers are detected by screening mammography. Diagnosis and determination of the prognostic factors may be made by either ultrasound (US) or stereotactically guided needle biopsy. Approximately 2000 stereotactic tables are installed at various medical centers throughout the United States and a significant number in other countries where breast cancer is common. Many surgeons and interventional radiologists are trained in the use of this technology for diagnostic purposes. Employing the same technology, these physicians may be trained to treat selected breast cancers with laser energy percutaneously. Experimental and clinical reports to-date indicate the technique to be safe. High-resolution imaging modalities including grayscale and color Doppler US, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography and needle biopsy, when necessary, will confirm the tumor kill. Newer imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy may also provide additional confirmation for total tumor ablation.

scholarly journals Perceptions of scientists held by US students can be broadened through inclusive classroom interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Sheffield ◽  
Meghan L. Cook ◽  
Victor J. Ricchezza ◽  
Guizella A. Rocabado ◽  
Fenda A. Akiwumi
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Inclusive Classroom ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Science Courses ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The University

AbstractMore diverse representation in undergraduate classrooms may be an important step towards turning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines into more inclusive communities. In the United States of America, the individuals whose work is discussed in typical introductory science courses collectively do not represent the diversity of students’ identities in the classroom and further reinforce existing stereotypes of scientists as male, white, and aged. Here we report on the implementation of a semester-long intervention in an introductory-level geoscience course at the University of South Florida, USA. We introduced students to individuals with marginalized identities who are either scientists or have had a major influence on science and conducted semi-structured interviews with students from the course’s previous semesters. Analyses of these interviews indicate that participants with marginalized and non-marginalized identities broadened their preconceptions of who belongs in science and the range of identities among scientists. We suggest that interventions like these could foster feelings of belonging in the STEM community and, with repeated efforts, reduce harmful stereotyping and microaggressions against underrepresented scientists.

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