Falls among Brazilian older adults living in urban areas

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with falls in a nationally representative sample of older Brazilians residing in urban areas. METHODS: Data from 4,174 participants (60 years or older) from the baseline of ELSI-Brazil, conducted between 2015 and 2016, were used. The outcome variable was the reporting of one or more falls in the last 12 months. The exploratory variables were sociodemographic characteristics, factors related to the urban environment, and health conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of falls was 25.1%. Of these, 1.8% resulted in a hip or femur fracture and, among them, 31.8% required surgery for prosthesis placement. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with falls were observed for females [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.26], age group of 75 years or older (PR = 1.21), fear of falling due to defective sidewalks (PR = 1.47), fear of crossing streets (PR = 1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17), arthritis or rheumatism (PR = 1.29), and depression (PR = 1.53). No significant associations were found for educational level, marital status, hypertension, and perception of violence in the neighborhood. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with falls among older adults are multidimensional, comprising individual characteristics and the urban environment, which indicates the need for intra and intersectoral actions to prevent falls in this population.

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Prevalence, pattern and determinants of chronic disease multimorbidity in Nepal: secondary analysis of a national survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e047665

Author(s):

Raja Ram Dhungana ◽

Khem Bahadur Karki ◽

Bihungum Bista ◽

Achyut Raj Pandey ◽

Meghnath Dhimal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Formal Education ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence, pattern and determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) multimorbidity in Nepal.DesignSecondary analysis of the data from the NCD survey 2018, which was conducted between 2016 and 2018.SettingThe data belong to the nationally representative survey, that selected the study samples from throughout Nepal using multistage cluster sampling.Participants8931 participants aged 20 years and older were included in the study.Primary outcomesNCD multimorbidity (occurrence of two or more chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease and cancer). Descriptive statistics, prevalence ratio and odds ratio were computed to assess pattern and determinants of multimorbidity.ResultsMean (SD) age was 46.7 years (14.9 years). The majority of the participants were women (57.8%), without formal education (53.4%) and from urban areas (51.5%). Multimorbidity was present in 13.96% (95% CI: 12.9% to 15.1%). Hypertension and diabetes coexisted in 5.7%. Age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) level and rural–urban setting were significantly associated with multimorbidity.ConclusionMultimorbidity was prevalent in particular groups or geographical areas in Nepal suggesting a need for coordinated and integrated NCD care approach for the management of multiplicative co-comorbid conditions.

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Factors associated with fear of falling among frail older adults

Geriatric Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.06.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 1035-1041

Author(s):

Francisco M. Martínez-Arnau ◽

Lucía Prieto-Contreras ◽

Pilar Pérez-Ros

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Frail Older Adults ◽

Factors Associated

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Prevalence of household falls in long-lived adults and association with extrinsic factors

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.1646.2900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Silviane Galvan Pereira ◽

Claudia Benedita dos Santos ◽

Marlene Doring ◽

Marilene Rodrigues Portella

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Household Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Human Beings ◽

Extrinsic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Selection Of Variables

Resume Objective: to identify the prevalence of falls among older adults and the extrinsic factors associated with them. Method: population-based cross-sectional study with 350 older adults. A household survey was conducted using a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic, clinical, and environmental characteristics. Data were analyzed using Stata Software V.10. Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used with stepwise criteria for selection of variables in the model, with measures of effect expressed in Prevalence Ratio. For input into the multiple model, the variables with p ≤ 0.20 were considered. All ethical care regarding research on human beings has been observed and respected. Results: the prevalence of falls was 46.9%. The extrinsic factors associated with falls were: stairs, uneven floor and pets in the main entrance, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and slippery floor in the kitchen, lack of anti-slip loose throw rugs and objects on the floor in the room, lack of grab bars in the shower, lack of grab bars in the toilet and switch away from the bathroom door (p <0.05). Conclusion: falls are frequent in long-lived adults. The identification of the extrinsic factors associated with the occurrence of this event can help in its prevention.

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Factors Associated with the Fear of Falling after Discharge in Older Adults Who had Surgery after Experiencing a Fall Fracture

Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing ◽

10.17079/jkgn.2021.23.4.395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 395-405

Author(s):

Jin-Yeong Kim ◽

Gwi-Ryung Son Hong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Educational Program ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Walking Aids ◽

Explained Variance ◽

One Way Anova

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the fear of falling after discharge in older adults who had surgery for fall fractures.Methods: The participants were 143 older adults aged 65 or older hospitalized at the General Hospital due to a fall fracture. Data were collected from July 2019 to June 2020 using questionnaires for activities of daily living, pain, depression, and fear of falling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression.Results: The average age of the subjects was 75.34±6.89 years, and 74.1% were women. The influencing factors on the fear of falling after discharge were activities of daily living (β=.31, p=.001), age (β=.20, p=.004), the need for walking aids or assistance in walking before the fall (β=.20, p=.005), and pain (β=.15, p=.027). Total explained variance was 55% (F=13.17, p<.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to actively intervene the fear of falling once older adults are hospitalized, considering the factors associated with the fear of falling after discharge in older adults who had surgery after experiencing a fall fracture and to develop an educational program to reduce the fear of falling.

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Factors Associated with Successful Aging among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Based on Ecological System Model

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3220 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hye-Young Jang

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Successful Aging ◽

Living Arrangement ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Ecological System ◽

System Model ◽

Healthcare Intervention ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Results

This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with successful aging in older adults based on the ecological system model. Data from the 2017 National Survey of the Living Conditions of Korean Elderly were used. Participants comprised 10,074 older adults. The three principal components in the successful aging model developed by Rowe and Kahn, “absence of disease and disease-related disability,” “maintenance of high mental and physical function,” and “continued engagement with life,” were used to determine successful aging. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared test, t-test, and logistic regression. The study results showed that the correlation factors were age, sex, educational level, economic status, heavy drinking, subjective health status, and health screening in the individual system; living arrangement, satisfaction with spouse, and frequency of contacting family, siblings, and relatives in the family system; and the frequency of contacting neighbors and friends, number of close neighbors and friends, and accessibility of neighborhood facilities in the community system. This study is significant because it confirms that individual characteristics and the environmental systems surrounding older adults should be considered for successful aging; it is necessary to develop and apply healthcare intervention programs that consider both of these aspects.

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Infrastructural and human-resource factors associated with return of infant HIV test results to caregivers: secondary analysis of a nationally representative situational assessment, South Africa, 2010

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-019-4337-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Nobubelo Kwanele Ngandu ◽

Vincent Maduna ◽

Gayle Sherman ◽

Nobuntu Noveve ◽

Witness Chirinda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Resource ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Risk Difference ◽

Staff Nurses ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Blood Draw ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Situational Assessment

Abstract Background In June 2015, South Africa introduced early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) at birth and ten weeks postpartum. Guidelines recommended return of birth results within a week and ten weeks postpartum results within four weeks. Task shifting was also suggested to increase service coverage. This study aimed to understand factors affecting return of EID results to caregivers. Methods Secondary analysis of data gathered from 571 public-sector primary health care facilities (PHCs) during a nationally representative situational assessment, was conducted. The assessment was performed one to three months prior to facility involvement in the 2010 evaluation of the South African programme to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission (SAPMTCTE). Self-reported infrastructural and human resource EID-related data were collected from managers and designated staff using a structured questionnaire. The main outcome variable was ‘EID turn-around-time (TAT) to caregiver’ (caregiver TAT), measured as reported number of weeks from infant blood draw to caregiver receipt of results. This was dichotomized as either short (≤3 weeks) or delayed (> 3 weeks) caregiver TAT. Logit-based risk difference analysis was used to assess factors associated with short caregiver TAT. Analysis included TAT to facility (facility TAT), defined as reported number of weeks from infant blood draw to facility receipt of results. Results Overall, 26.3% of the 571 PHCs reported short caregiver TAT. In adjusted analyses, short caregiver TAT was less achieved when facility TAT was > 7 days (versus ≤7 days) (adjusted risk difference (aRD): − 0.2 (95% confidence interval − 0.3-(− 0.1)), p = 0.006 for 8–14 days and − 0.3 (− 0.5-(− 0.1)), p = 0.006 for > 14 days), and in facilities with staff nurses (compared to those without) (aRD: − 9.4 (− 16.6-(− 2.2), p = 0.011). Conclusion Although short caregiver TAT for EID was only reported in approximately 26% of facilities, these facilities demonstrate that achieving EID TAT of ≤3 weeks is possible, making timely ART initiation within 3 weeks of diagnosis feasible within the public health sector. Our adjusted analyses underpin the need for quick return of results to facilities. They also raise questions around staff mentoring: we hypothesise that facilities with staff nurses were likely to have fewer professional nurses, and thus inadequate senior support.

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Factors associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults with and without diabetes mellitus: Findings from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study (FIBRA-BR)

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 103-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bruno de Souza Moreira ◽

Rosana Ferreira Sampaio ◽

Juliano Bergamaschine Mata Diz ◽

Alessandra de Carvalho Bastone ◽

Eduardo Ferriolli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Older Adults ◽

Older People ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Factors associated with poor physical performance in older adults of 11 Peruvian high Andean communities

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17513.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Diego Urrunaga-Pastor ◽

Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares ◽

Tania M. Arones ◽

Rosario Meza-Cordero ◽

Silvana Taipe-Guizado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Older Adults ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Physical performance in the older adult has been extensively studied. However, only a few studies have evaluated physical performance among older adults of high Andean populations and none have studied the factors associated with it. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with poor physical performance by using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in older adults living in 11 Peruvian high Andean communities. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in inhabitants aged 60 or over from 11 high-altitude Andean communities of Peru during 2013-2017. Participants were categorized in two groups according to their SPPB score: poor physical performance (0-6 points) and medium/good physical performance (7-12 points). Additionally, we collected socio-demographic, medical, functional and cognitive assessment information. Poisson regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with poor physical performance. Prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95 CI%) are presented. Results: A total of 407 older adults were studied. The average age was 73.0 ± 6.9 years (range: 60-94 years) and 181 (44.5%) participants had poor physical performance (0-6 points). In the adjusted Poisson regression analysis, the factors associated with poor physical performance were: female gender (PR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.03-1.61), lack of social support (PR=2.10; 95%CI: 1.17-3.76), number of drugs used (PR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17), urinary incontinence (PR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.16-1.82), exhaustion (PR=1.35; 95%CI: 1.03-1.75) and cognitive impairment (PR=1.89; 95%CI: 1.40-2.55). Conclusions: Almost half of the population evaluated had poor physical performance based on the SPPB. Factors that would increase the possibility of suffering from poor physical performance were: female gender, lack of social support, number of drugs used, urinary incontinence, exhaustion and cognitive impairment. Future studies with a larger sample and longitudinal follow-up are needed to design beneficial interventions for the high Andean population.

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Prevalence of Loneliness and Associated Factors among Older Adults in South Africa

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n12p1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya ◽

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Poor Health ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Preventative Interventions

OBJECTIVE: Loneliness can be detrimental to health. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of loneliness as well as its risk factors in older adults in South Africa.MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional population based study investigated factors associated with loneliness in a nationally representative sample (n=3624) of older South Africans who took part in the “Study of Global Ageing and Adults Health (SAGE)” wave 1 in 2008. The outcome variable was self-reported prevalence of loneliness and the exposure variables were socio-demographic characteristics and health variables.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of self-reported loneliness was 9.9%. Prevalence of loneliness was 10.2% for females and 9.5% for males, lowest among those married (7.5%), and highest among the 70+ years olds (12.5%). Individuals with highest level of education had the lowest prevalence of loneliness (5.9%). Indians or Asians were significantly more likely to experience loneliness than other population groups (Adjusted Odds Ratio=AOR: 3.20; 95% Confidence Interval=CI: 1.31, 7.80). Married or cohabiting individuals were significantly less likely to experience loneliness than unmarried or non-cohabiting ones, respectively (AOR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.81). In multivariable logistic regression, individuals with good subjective health were less likely to experience loneliness than those with poor health (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.73). Similarly, individuals with good cognitive functioning were significantly less likely to experience loneliness than those with poor cognitive functioning (AOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.97).CONCLUSION: The study found that the prevalence of loneliness among older adults in South Africa is significant. Preventative interventions that address the identified factors, including poor health status and low cognitive functioning, associated with loneliness need to be developed.

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Trends and Factors Associated with Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV among Women in Vietnam

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed5020091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Son ◽

Hoang Duc Luan ◽

Ho Xuan Tuan ◽

Le Manh Cuong ◽

Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Multiple Indicator ◽

Hiv Women ◽

Common Misconceptions

This study aimed to assess the trends and associated factors of comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam using the dataset of the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2014. The outcome variable was comprehensive knowledge about HIV, defined as the ability to correctly answer three knowledge questions and to reject the three most common misconceptions about HIV prevention. We found that comprehensive knowledge about HIV increased from 26.1% in 2000 to 44.1% in 2011, but it decreased slightly between 2011 and 2014, from 44.1% to 42.4%. Increased comprehensive knowledge about HIV was associated with women who had higher education and those in the fourth and fifth quintiles of household wealth in all four rounds of the MICS. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women was also associated with those who had ever been tested for HIV and those with knowledge of where to be tested for HIV. Women in the urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of comprehensive knowledge about HIV as compared to the women in the rural areas in 2000, 2006, and 2011 but not in 2014. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam increased from 2000 to 2014, but it was still relatively low.

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