Effect of implementation intention on walking in people with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementation intentions as an intervention strategy to promote walking in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We conducted a controlled and randomized trial, with 12 months of follow-up, involving 65 people with T2DM recruited from primary health care units and allocated them in the control group (CG, n = 32) and intervention group (IG, n = 33). The IG received the implementation intention strategy to promote walking and the CG remained in follow-up for conventional treatment in primary health care. The researchers were blinded by anthropometric measurements and the filling of the instruments. RESULTS: After twelve months of follow up, the IG presented a statistically significant increase in the leisure time physical activity when compared with the CG (p = 0.0413) and showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.0061). No significant difference was observed regarding body mass index and glycated hemoglobin among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation intention was effective in promoting walking and improving clinical indicators in adults with T2DM.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Aloe Vera Juice on Lipid Profile at Prediabetes Patient in East Pontianak Primary Health Care Center, Indonesia

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 4603-4607

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal ◽

Rahayu Indriasari ◽

Meta Mahendradatta ◽

Rukman Abdullah ◽

Masrianih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Triglyceride Level ◽

Care Center ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Primary Health ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Aloe is a medicinal plant in Indonesia, which is often used as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Aloe juice administration on changes in lipid profile (HDL, LDL, Triglycerides) in East Pontianak Primary Health Care Center. This study used quasi-experimental. This study used sampling on 36 people in 2 groups. In the treatment group, there was Aloe juice administration of 250 ml/day for 15 days while in the control group there was no Aloe juice administration. HDL level in the intervention group had an increase of 14.89 mg/ whereas in the control group had an increase of 1.22 mg/, where there was no significant difference between the intervention group and control group (p> 0.05), LDL level in the intervention group had a decrease of 10.56 mg/ while the control group had a decrease of 5.94 mg/ where there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p> 0.05) and triglyceride level in the intervention group had a decrease of 8.78 mg/ whereas in the control group had a decrease of 3.50 mg/ where there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (p> 0.05) which means intervention group and control group had no significant differences. The mean HDL level had an increase while the LDL level and triglyceride level had a decrease.

Download Full-text

Manajemen Diri (Self Management) Perilaku Sehat pada Pasien Hipertensi

Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan ◽

10.34008/jurhesti.v6i1.223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Vera Kurnia ◽

Desti Nataria

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Behavior ◽

Education Management ◽

Primary Health

Hypertension is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world, also known as “the silent killer” because people with hypertension are without symptoms. West Sumatera Province reported that the prevalence of hypertension at the age 18 years has increased from 25,8% in 2013 to 31,7% in 2018. Successful strategies to manage the blood preasure depends on patients self-care management or the ability and willingness of the patient to change and maintain certain behavior.The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of self-education management of hypertension patients in the working area of primary health care in Bukittinggi.Design of this research is a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. The sample which used were 62 respondents consist of 31 people in the intervention group and 31 people in the group control. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling technique. Data was analyzed Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whitney test. The result of this research shows that there isn’t any effect of self education management to healthy behavior which includes exercise and healthy diet of the intervention group and the control group at community health center in Bukittinggi (mean rank after the intervention < 10; p> 0,05). Based on the result of this research it can be concluded that the habits of respondents who carry out light and medium activities every day and also education provided by primary health care have given big impact to respondent’s habits where they always do exercise and healthy diet in their daily life.The result of this research can be used as an input for primary health care to maintain and improve education of healthy behavior for hypertension patients.

Download Full-text

The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 577-582

Author(s):

Mahacita Andanalusia ◽

Yunita Nita ◽

Umi Athiyah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Care Center ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Primary Health Care Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Primary Health

Abstract Objectives Nonadherence to a long-term therapy, including diabetes mellitus, is one of the global problems that need to be overcome. This study aims to determine the effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacists toward medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram. Methods This research was an experimental research design with pretest-posttest with control group design. The study was conducted from October to December 2019 at Tanjung Karang Primary Health Care Center, Mataram. Measurement of adherence was done using the Adherence to Refill and Medication Scale questionnaire. The higher the score, the more nonadherence the patients. Patients were divided into three groups, which were the control group, educational intervention group, and pillbox and educational intervention group. Each group consisted of 11 patients. Results Patients’ medication adherence increased from 19.54 (SD 4.37) to 15.18 (SD 2.64) in the education and pillbox intervention group (p=0.004). Whereas, in the education and control group, the adherence did not provide a significant change (p>0.05). Based on the difference in adherence scores, it was known that what contributed to changes in compliance was refilling medicine and intentional nonadherence in taking medicine subscale (p=0.024). Conclusions Providing education and pillbox done by pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can increase adherence to the therapy of diabetes mellitus patients. Pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can use the intervention model to improve the level of adherence of patients with chronic illness.

Download Full-text

Does a brief work-stress intervention prevent sick-leave during the following 24 months? A randomized controlled trial in Swedish primary care

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-205029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jenny Hultqvist ◽

Pernilla Bjerkeli ◽

Gunnel Hensing ◽

Kristina Holmgren

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Sick Leave ◽

Early Identification ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Training Session ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment As Usual ◽

Primary Health

BACKGROUND: Work-related stress (WRS) presents a risk for sick leave. However, effective methods to identify people at risk for sick leave due to WRS at an early stage are lacking in primary health care. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a systematic early identification of WRS can prevent sick leave over 24 months after the intervention. METHODS: Study participants (n = 132 intervention; n = 139 control) were employed, non-sick-listed persons seeking care at primary health care centres. The intervention included early identification of WRS by a validated instrument, general practitioner (GP) awareness supported by a brief training session, patients’ self-reflection by instrument completion, GP giving the patient feedback at consultation and GP identifying preventive measures. The control group received treatment as usual. Outcome data were retrieved from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. RESULTS: The intervention group had less registered median sick leave days (n = 56) than the control group (n = 65) but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The brief intervention was not proven effective in preventing sick leave in the following 24 months compared to treatment as usual. Further research on how to identify, advice and treat those at high risk for sick leave in primary health care is needed.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of brief group intervention in the harmful alcohol use in primary health care

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000498 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Janaina Soares ◽

Divane De Vargas

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Group Intervention ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Health ◽

Harmful Alcohol ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Hazardous Use

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of brief group intervention, performed by nurses, in reducing the hazardous or harmful alcohol use in users of a primary health care service. METHODS: Clinical and randomized trial with follow-up of three months. The sample had 180 individuals with a pattern of hazardous or harmful alcohol use, recruited in a Basic Health Unit in the city of São Paulo. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Audit) were applied. The experimental group underwent the Brief Group Intervention, which had four group sessions, with weekly meetings. The control group received an information leaflet about issues related to alcohol consumption. Both groups participated in the follow-up of three months. The linear mixed model was used for data analysis, in which a 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: Forty-four individuals under hazardous or harmful alcohol use completed all phases of the research. The experimental group had a statistically significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of about 10 points in Audit score after the brief group intervention [before BGI = 15.89 (SD = 6.62) – hazardous use; after BGI = 6.40 (SD = 5.05) – low hazardous use] maintaining the low hazardous use in follow-up [6.69 (SD = 6.38) – low hazardous use]. The control group had a statistically significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of about three points in Audit score [before BGI = 13.11 (SD = 4.54) – hazardous use; after BGI = 9.83 (SD = 5.54) – hazardous use] and in follow-up presented the mean score of 13.00 (SD = 5.70), indicative of hazardous use. Differences between the two groups (experimental group versus control group) in reduction of consumption were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence showed that the brief group intervention performed by the nurse in the primary health care context was effective to reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with patterns of hazardous or harmful use.

Download Full-text

Multiple micronutrients in powder delivered through primary health care reduce iron and vitamin A deficiencies in young Amazonian children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016001294 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (16) ◽

pp. 3039-3047 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cristieli SM Oliveira ◽

Patrícia Sampaio ◽

Pascoal T Muniz ◽

Marly A Cardoso ◽

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Health ◽

Micronutrient Status ◽

Health Centres ◽

Home Fortification

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the effect of home fortification with multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) on anaemia and micronutrient status of young Amazonian children.DesignA pragmatic controlled trial was performed. A control group (CG) of children aged 11–14 months was recruited in the routine of primary health-care centres for assessing anaemia and micronutrient status. At the same time, an intervention group (IG) of infants aged 6–8 months was recruited in the same health centres to receive MNP daily in complementary feeding for 2 months. The IG children were assessed 4–6 months after enrolment (n112) when they had reached the age of the CG participants (n128) for comparisons.SettingPrimary health centres in Rio Branco city, Brazilian Amazon.SubjectsA total of 240 children aged<2 years.ResultsIn the CG, the prevalence of anaemia (Hb<110 g/l), iron deficiency (ID; plasma ferritin <12 μg/l or soluble transferrin receptor >8·3 mg/l) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD; serum retinol <0·70 μmol/l) was 20·3 %, 72·4 % and 18·6 %, respectively. Among the IG participants (aged 11–14 months), the prevalence of anaemia, ID and VAD was 15·2 %, 25·2 % and 4·7 %, respectively. The IG had a lower likelihood of ID (prevalence ratio (95 % CI): 0·34 (0·24, 0·49)) and VAD (0·25 (0·09, 0·64)).ConclusionsHome fortification of complementary feeding delivered through primary health care was effective in reducing iron and vitamin A deficiencies among young Amazonian children.

Download Full-text

Self-reported sick leave following a brief preventive intervention on work-related stress

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

A-M Hultén ◽

P Bjerkeli ◽

K Holmgren

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Sick Leave ◽

Brief Intervention ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Work Related Stress ◽

Work Related ◽

Primary Health ◽

Related Stress

Abstract Background General practitioners (GPs) play an important role for early identification and prevention of sick leave among patients perceiving ill health due to work-relates stress. In order to fulfil the role, they need adequate methodologies and tools. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention in primary health care including early identification of work-related stress combined with feedback at consultation on the number of self-reported sick leave days. Methods A randomised controlled trial was performed at seven primary health care centres in western Sweden. Self-reported sick leave data collected between November 2015 and January 2017 were analysed prospectively. The study included 271 employed, non-sick-listed patients aged 18-64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints. The intervention group received a brief intervention about work-related stress, including training for GPs, screening of patients' work-related stress, feedback to patients on screening results and discussion of measures at GP consultation. The control group received treatment as usual. Results At 6-month follow-up 59/105 (56%) in the intervention group and 61/115 (53%) in the control group reported no sick leave. At 12-month follow-up the corresponding numbers were 61/119 (51%) and 57/122 (47%) respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in the median number of self-reported sick leave days. Conclusions The brief intervention showed no effect on the numbers of self-reported sick leave days. However, using sick leave as an outcome measure was difficult, as sick leave is multifactorial and the data has a non-normal distribution. In addition, sick leave might be used as an indicator as well as a possible treatment of ill health. Other actions and interventions to address patients perceiving ill health due to work-related stress should be explored. Key messages Sick leave is used as an indicator and as a treatment of ill health, which can complicate the evaluation of studies. The complexity of primary health care trials calls for other evaluation methods.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness) Mini Training in Improving Health Workers’ Skills in Primary Health Centers in Bantul

Review of Primary Care Practice and Education (Kajian Praktik dan Pendidikan Layanan Primer) ◽

10.22146/rpcpe.41697 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

RR Anugrah Wiendyasari ◽

Hari Kusnanto ◽

Tunjung Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Health Workers ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Care Center ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Primary Health ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTBackground: At the Community and Primary Health Care Center in Bantul, the number of paramedics receiving Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) training is very limited and not evenly distributed. With the low number of IMCI trained officers, this affects the skill of the officers in conducting the IMCI. Fewer skills affect the handling of sick children including the recognition of general danger signs, classification, designing appropriate action, as well as providing treatment and counseling.Objective: This study aimed to know the effectiveness of IMCI Mini Training intervention to improve health workers’ skills in handling sick children with IMCI.Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent pre-post control group design. The sample of this study was a group of health workers who implement IMCI in daily work at 20 Community and Primary Health Care Centers in Bantul. Data were collected by observing 20 health workers in the control group and 20 health workers in IMCI treatment group before and after receiving IMCI Mini Training. Data results were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical tests.Results: Using t-test analysis the mean value of health worker’s pretest and posttest skill scores in implementing IMCI in control group showed no significant difference (p=0.857) while in the treatment group, the mean value of pretest and posttest score showed a significant difference (p=0.000). In the treatment group, the improvement of sign recognition skills was significant (p=0.000) compared with the classification (p=0.148), treatment (p=0.009), communication and counseling (p=0.005). Multivariate analysis of linear regression showed that IMCI Mini Training was significant in improving the skill of health workers (p=0.000) compared with variables: age (p=0.970), duty (p=0.425), IMCI training history (p=0.686), category of Community and Primary Health Care Center (p=0.409) and education (p= 0.474). IMCI Mini Training improved significantly the sign recognition skills (p=0.000), classification (p=0.001) as well as communication and counseling (p=0.011) but was not significant in treatment skill (p=0.093). IMCI Mini Training can be done in a shorter time and more interactive method by using ICATT.Conclusion: This study showed that IMCI Mini Training increased health workers’ skills in IMCI implementation with the advantages of shorter course time, lower cost, and more interactive methods. The IMCI skills were enhanced by the provision of IMCI Mini Training which includes skills in the recognition of common signs, classifications as well as providing appropriate communication and counseling.

Download Full-text

Active and healthy lifestyle in Brazilian Primary Health Care user’s: A pragmatic clinical trial about "VAMOS" behavior change program

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. e21101320382

Author(s):

Camila Tomicki ◽

Cassiano Ricardo Rech ◽

Aline Mendes Gerage ◽

Elizabeth Nappi Corrêa ◽

Lisandra Maria Konrad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pragmatic Clinical Trial ◽

Primary Health ◽

Behavior Change Program

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and maintenance of the behavior change program "VAMOS", version 2.0, on behavioral and health outcomes in Brazilian users (≥ 18 years) of Primary Health Care (PHC) in Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. A pragmatic clinical trial was carried out between 2016 and 2019 in Basic Health Units, with 265 users allocated in the intervention group (n = 125) and the control group (n = 140). The intervention group participated for three months in the VAMOS to promote physical activity (PA) and a healthy diet. The control group received in a single meeting counseling about the importance of an active and healthy lifestyle. Variables of PA (daily minutes in light PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA, total PA, and sedentary behavior), eating behavior (weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and soda drinks), anthropometry (body mass, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index), and quality of life (QOL) (positive or negative perception), were evaluated, through interviews and objective measures, in the pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 12 months after the end of the intervention. The intervention group increased moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts, consumed of vegetables and, QOL, and decreased the consumption of soda drinks and WC (p<0.05). The intervention was sufficient to maintain the achieved benefits of moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts, soda drink consumption, and WC. VAMOS effectively promote an active and healthy lifestyle in PHC users and, its strategies proved to be adequate to maintain the gains acquired. VAMOS is a pioneer and a health innovation.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09820-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yim Wah Mak ◽

Doris Y. P. Leung ◽

Alice Yuen Loke

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Psychological Flexibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Health ◽

Quit Rate ◽

Acceptance And Commitment

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of delivering an individual Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation among a Chinese population. Methods Participants were recruited from six primary health care centers. A total of 144 were eligible to take part in the study and agreed to be randomized to the intervention (ACT) group (n = 70) and control group (n = 74), respectively. Both groups received self-help materials on smoking cessation. The ACT group also underwent an initial face-to-face session and two telephone ACT sessions at 1 week and 1 month following the first session. They were re-contacted through telephone follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12 months by research assistants. The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point-prevalence abstinence at the 12-month follow-up session. Other outcomes included biochemically validated quitting, quitting attempts, the intention to quit, the self-perception of quitting, and psychological flexibility. Results There was no significant difference in the self-reported 7-day point prevalence quit rate at the 12-month follow-up between the intervention group (24.3%) and the control group (21.6%) (risk ratio = 1.12; 95%CI = (0.62, 2.05); p = 0.704). Greater improvements in secondary outcomes from baseline to the 12-month follow-up were observed in the ACT group than in the control group, including a forward progression in the participants’ readiness to quit smoking (p = 0.014) and increased psychological flexibility (p = 0.022). Conclusions This study is the first evidence of a randomized-controlled trial on the adoption of an individual ACT for smoking cessation, delivered initially in primary health care settings and subsequently by telephone within a Chinese population. The present study found that the brief ACT intervention could not produce a significant quit rate but was promising in terms of bringing about cognitive changes, including greater psychological flexibility, and more confidence about quitting, when compared to the use of self-help materials only among the general population. Trial registration This trial was registered prospectively with the U.S. National Library of Medicine: (NCT01652508) on 26th July 2012.

Download Full-text