scholarly journals Taxonomic notes on Grosourdya muriculata (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), a little known endemic orchid from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13162-13167
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mishra ◽  
C. P. Vivek ◽  
Gautam Anuj Ekka ◽  
Lal Ji Singh
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nicobar Islands ◽  
Near Threatened

Grosourdya muriculata (Rchb.f.) R. Rice (Orchidaceae) is a little known epiphytic, endemic orchid from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in India.  The present article provides the detailed taxonomy, ecology, distribution, conservation status, and photographic account of the species.  The data collected from field surveys indicates that the status of the species needs to be downgraded to Near Threatened as per the criteria of IUCN (2018).

scholarly journals The conservation status of birds in Laos: a review of key species

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Thewlis ◽  
R. J. Timmins ◽  
T. D. Evans ◽  
J. W. Duckworth
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
First Time ◽  
Near Threatened

SummaryLaos is an important country for bird conservation. Bird surveys between 1992 and 1996, the first since 1949, covered 20 main areas, with incidental records from many others.This paper reviews the status of all Lao species reported to be of elevated conservation concern (key species) in any of the following categories: Globally Threatened or Globally Near-Threatened (sensu Collar and Andrew 1988 and Collar et al. 1994), and At Risk or Rare in Thailand (sensu Round 1988 and Treesucon and Round 1990). Several additional species are covered which have clearly undergone a National Historical Decline in Laos. A comprehensive review of other Lao species was not possible, and some species which are in truth of conservation concern have doubtless been overlooked. Historical and modern records were reviewed and population trends identified where possible.Current global status listings (Collar et al. 1994) were supported, except that consideration should be given to changing Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri and Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti from Threatened to Near-Threatened. If the Lao situation is representative of the species throughout their range, then consideration should also be given to placing Ratchet-tailed Treepie Temnurus temnurus and River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii as Near-Threatened.Twenty-seven Globally Threatened species are known from Laos, of which there are recent records of 22. There are recent unconfirmed records of two more. Forty-seven Globally Near-Threatened species are known from Laos, of which there are recent records of 39; there are unconfirmed records of one further species. Five Globally Threatened and five Near-Threatened species were recorded for the first time in Laos in recent years, suggesting that further species of elevated conservation concern remain to be found.

scholarly journals Fish diversity and the conservation status of a wetland of Cooch Behar District, West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 11423
Author(s):  
Ram Krishna Das
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Near Threatened

A study was carried out from March 2016 to February 2017 to investigate the diversity of fishes and the conservation status of Bochamari Beel, a natural wetland of Cooch Behar District, West Bengal, India.  The study revealed the occurrence of 40 species of fishes belonging to 31 genera under six orders and 15 families.  Cyprinidae was the dominant family with 14 species followed by Channidae with four species, Ambassidae and Bagridae with three species each, Nandidae, Mastacembelidae, Belontiidae, Siluridae and Clariidae with two species each whereas Cobitidae, Belonidae, Gobiidae, Anabantidae, Tetraodontidae and Notopteridae were represented by a single species each.  The status of species of this beel included one Endangered species, one Vulnerable species and four Near Threatened species.  The maximum fish diversity was recorded in the monsoon season (H’=2.876) as compared with pre monsoon (H’=2.124) and post monsoon (H’ =1.735).  The evenness index varied from 0.640 (post monsoon) to 0.822 (monsoon), which indicates uneven distribution of fishes in this beel.  Indiscriminate fishing throughout the year, along with extensive weed infestation could be responsible for depletion of fish diversity in this beel.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge and Conservation Status of the Gray-Headed Chickadee in North America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis L. Booms ◽  
Lucas H. DeCicco ◽  
Christopher P. Barger ◽  
James A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Year 2000

Abstract The gray-headed chickadee Poecile cinctus is a Holarctic songbird that occurs from northern Europe across Asia and into northwestern North America. Historically, the endemic North American subspecies P. c. lathami ranged across portions of interior and northern Alaska and northwest Canada. Though often described as rare, ornithologists considered it locally common in parts of its distribution. Anecdotal reports of declines and a lack of recent observations motivated us to initiate efforts to better understand the current distribution and abundance of this species. We conducted 862 h of field surveys focused on detecting gray-headed chickadees between 2010 and 2017 and detected only three individuals and no evidence of nesting in locations where the species previously occurred. We also compiled a database of 156 occurrences that likely represents nearly all the available reliable records in North America since 1864. Based on a comparison of these data before and after the year 2000, it appears the species may no longer occur in southwestern or Interior Alaska, or the Northwest Territories where scientists previously documented it. Results from a citizen science initiative to collect recent observations revealed citizen scientists reliably report only a few gray-headed chickadee sightings annually. Additionally, the species appears to have recently disappeared from two locations where observers previously reported it annually for > 20 y. Collectively, these data suggest it is likely the species' distribution has contracted, its population has declined, and its current population size is very small in North America. We emphasize that though we base these conclusions on the best available information, more information is needed before the status of this rare species can be determined with confidence. Despite recognized limitations of the data, we failed to find any evidence contrary to our conclusions and suggest this little-studied species needs additional focused research and conservation in North America.

scholarly journals Conservation status of the rare endemic Centaurium tenuiflorum subsp. anglicum, English Centaury (Gentianaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Downey ◽  
David Pearman ◽  
Tim Rich
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Population Counts ◽  
Rare Endemic

The status of the rare English endemic Centaurium tenuiflorum subsp. anglicum, English Centaury, has been assessed from field surveys in 2020 and compared against previous population counts. In Dorset, 16 populations with c.25,800 plants occurred and there was no evidence of overall decline. It was not refound in one site in the Isle of Wight. The IUCN threat status is ‘Least Concern’.

scholarly journals Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in developing countries: a resurvey of Albania 22 years after the fall of communism

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Balestrieri ◽  
Simone Messina ◽  
Francesca Pella ◽  
Claudio Prigioni ◽  
Nicola Saino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
Near Threatened ◽  
Human Density ◽  
Habitat Variables

AbstractIn countries with emerging and developing economies the need to promote development and the lack of information on the status of the Near Threatened Eurasian otter Lutra lutra have given rise for concern about the conservation status of the species. In Albania information about the distribution of this otter dates from 1985. In 2013 we resurveyed 31 sites previously surveyed in 1985, and a further 42 sites throughout the country. At each site nine habitat variables of potential importance to otters were recorded and analysed. Overall the distribution pattern in 2013 did not differ from that recorded in 1985, although a reduction in marking intensity suggested a possible decline in otter numbers. Distribution of the otter has been influenced by land use and human density, suggesting man-induced habitat changes since the fall of communism may have affected the quality and fragmentation of otter habitats.

scholarly journals Conservation assessment of the endemic plants of the Tuscan Archipelago, Italy

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Foggi ◽  
Daniele Viciani ◽  
Riccardo M. Baldini ◽  
Angelino Carta ◽  
Tommaso Guidi
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Near Threatened

AbstractThe Mediterranean islands support a rich diversity of flora, with a high percentage of endemic species. We used the IUCN categories and criteria to assess the conservation status of 16 endemic plant taxa (species and subspecies) of the Tuscan Archipelago, based on data collected during field surveys over 4 years. Our data were sufficient to use criteria B, C and D in our assessment. We used criterion B in the assessment of all 16 taxa, criterion C for four taxa, criterion D for 11 taxa and criteria B, C and D for three taxa, Centaurea gymnocarpa, Limonium doriae and Silene capraria. According to our results L. doriae, Romulea insularis and S. capraria are categorized as Critically Endangered and therefore require immediate conservation measures; eight taxa are categorized as Endangered, two as Vulnerable and three as Near Threatened. Compared to earlier assessments, eight species are recategorized with a higher degree of threat, two species are recategorized with a lower degree of threat, five are unchanged, and one species is assessed for the first time. Based on the IUCN categorization our results show that all the endemic species of the Tuscan Archipelago are directly and/or indirectly threatened by human activities, such as tourism and agriculture, and invasive species of plants and animals. The Tuscan Archipelago National Park is responsible for the conservation of all endemic species in the area.

A refined circumscription of Notobubon striatum and the resurrection of Dregea collina Ecklon & Zeyher (Apiaceae, Apioideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY R. MAGEE ◽  
ODETTE E. CURTIS ◽  
B-E. VAN WYK
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Extensive Field

Extensive field surveys of the Critically Endangered Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld have uncovered that Notobubon striatum, as currently circumscribed, comprises two distinct species. Upon careful examination of the type material it has become clear that names exist for both species. The type specimen of N. striatum clearly matches the lesser known species, a large shrub, ca. 1 m. tall, with a powerful anise-scent and which is restricted to the banks of seasonal rivers and watercourses in the Central and Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. The second and better known entity, with a wider distribution, corresponds to the type material of Dregea collina Ecklon & Zeyher. As such, a new combination, Notobubon collinum (Ecklon & Zeyher) Magee, is here made to accommodate this taxon, restricted to dry quartz and silcrete patches or outcrops in Eastern Rûens Shale Renosterveld. In their revised circumscriptions N. striatum and N. collinum are readily distinguished by habit, scent, leaf size and division, as well as leaf lobe shape and sepal size. Comprehensive descriptions of both species are provided, together with notes on their ecology and conservation status, and the existing key to the species of Notobubon updated. This brings the number of recognised species in the genus to thirteen.

scholarly journals ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-794
Author(s):  
Gunhild Graf
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām (“theology”) in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān’s prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights.

scholarly journals Ground beetles (Carabidae) of field margin habitats

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641
Author(s):  
Janina Bennewicz ◽  
Tadeusz Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Poecilus Cupreus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beetle Assemblages ◽  
Anchomenus Dorsalis ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of field margin habitats in preserving the diversity and abundance of ground beetle assemblages, including potentially entomophagous species and those with conservation status in Poland. Research material was collected in 2006–2007 in four types of margin habitats – a forest, bushes, ditches and in two arable fields. Insects were captured into pitfalls, without preservation liquid or bait added to the traps. Traps were inspected twice a week, between May and August, and one sample was a weekly capture. In field margin habitats the most abundant species were Limodromus assimilis, Anchomenus dorsalis, Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus auratus. A lower abundance of species was noted on fields, with dominant Poecilus cupreus and P. melanarius. The group of zoophagous carabids found in our study includes 30 species from field margin habitats, i.e. 37.5% of all captured Carabidae taxa and 58.3% of all specimens. The share of aphidophagous species was 84.9% among bushes, 86.7% near ditches, and 88.0% in the forest habitat. Several species captured during the study are under protection in Poland. These include the partly protected Carabus convexus, which also has the status of near threatened species, the partly protected Calosoma auropunctatum, and Broscus cephalotes. Considering all the investigated field margin habitats, ground beetles were most numerous in the oak-hornbeam habitat, defined as bushes, formed predominantly by Prunus spinosa, Crataegus leavigata, Sambucus nigra and Rosa canina. Thus, this habitat was the most important reservoir/refugium for the ground beetles.

scholarly journals 從中國廣西東興京族語言環境的角度窺察京語的傳承方式：喃字

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
阮蘇蘭 阮蘇蘭 ◽  
阮大瞿越 阮大瞿越
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
The Status ◽  
City District ◽  
First Time ◽  
Language Transmission

<p>京族分布於廣西東興市江平鎮，是中國的少數民族之一，其民族語言「京語」是越南語的一種方言。承受著來自漢語普通話、漢語白話方言以及通用越南語的巨大壓力，京語正處於消亡的邊緣。保護及傳承該民族語言的需求變得極為迫切，一群老一輩的京族知識份子選擇了以喃字作為傳承京語的手段。本文以2015年兩次在京族三島進行的社會語言學田野調查的考察成果為基礎，初步探索京族人之所以選擇傳承喃字作為傳承語言方式的原因，及喃字傳承方式。相比之下，漢字系統的「喃字」無法如現代越南語(或稱「國語字」)一般，能呈現京語的語音面貌，在記錄和傳承京語語言方面上並無優勢。本文認為，選擇「喃字」作為京語傳承載體是出於民族生命的考慮，強調「喃字」是和漢字一脈、京族和漢族是部分與整體的關係。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Jing people inhabit Jiangping town of Dongxing city district in Guangxi and constitute a national minority in China. Their language &ndash; the so-called Jing language -- is a dialect of the Vietnamese. Now the Jing language faces extinction because of the pressure from standard Mandarin, spoken dialects of Chinese, and standard Vietnamese. In order to protect and promulgate the Jing language, a group of local old intellectuals have decided to use N&ocirc;m characters as a tool of transmission of the Jing language. The present article, based on materials collected during two fieldwork trips to the &ldquo;three islands area of the Jing nationality&rdquo; in 2015, for the first time discusses the reasons why the N&ocirc;m characters have been chosen as the tool of language transmission as well as the ways of transmission of the N&ocirc;m characters themselves. In comparative perspective, the N&ocirc;m characters belonging to the Chinese characters system, unlike Romanization of modern Vietnamese (the so-called quốc ngữ) cannot represent the exact pronunciation of the Jing language, and therefore cannot offer advantage in the task of transmission of this language. The author argues that the choice of the N&ocirc;m characters as the tool of the Jing language transmission is caused by considerations of the survival of this ethnicity; it emphasizes original connections between N&ocirc;m and Chinese characters, as well as the status of the Jing as a part of the big Han nation. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

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