Abstract P282: Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Modify the Association Between Sitting Time and Obesity?

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E Barlow ◽  
Kerem Shuval ◽  
Bijal Balasubramanian ◽  
Darla E Kendzor ◽  
Carrie E Finley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Product Term

Purpose: To examine the association between sitting time and markers of obesity in healthy men and women and explore the potential modifying role of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 4,486 men and 1,845 women enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study for the period 2010-2013 was conducted. Key exposures included self-reported sitting time and CRF. Sitting time was self-reported as 1) almost none of the time (about 0%), 2) approximately one quarter of the time (about 25%), 3) approximately half of the time (about 50%), 4) approximately three quarters of the time (about 75%), and 5) almost all of the time (about 100%). CRF was estimated from time spent on a treadmill during a graded exercise test. Obesity outcomes were defined in three ways: 1) waist girth (≥102 cm for men; ≥88 cm for women); 2) BMI (≥30 kg/m2); and 3) percent body fat (≥25% for men; ≥30% for women). Sex-specific multivariable models were constructed to examine the association between sitting time and each obesity outcome, separately, and adjusted for covariates including age, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A cross product term of sitting time and CRF was included in the full model to assess the possibility of effect modification. Results: In unadjusted analysis, obesity outcomes significantly varied across categories of sitting time in men and women. In men, significant associations were observed between sitting 75% of the time or more and each measure of adiposity which remained after adjustment for CRF and other covariates. For example, men who sat about 100% of the time were more than two times as likely to be obese whether defined by waist girth (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.25, 5.47), or percent body fat (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.35, 8.20) relative to men who sat about 0% of the time. Similar to the results for men, associations between sitting time and each measure of adiposity were seen in women when adjusted for age. However, when CRF and other covariates were added to the model, these associations were no longer statistically significant. In addition, the sitting time x CRF terms did not reach statistical significance for any obesity outcome. Conclusion: In this healthy population, the relation between obesity and sitting time varied by sex. Men who sat more were more likely to be obese by any definition. However, no significant associations were observed between sitting time and obesity among women after adjustment for CRF and other covariates. In addition, CRF did not appear to modify this association in either men or women. These results suggest that women, at least, can offset sedentary behavior by being fit. Further research is needed to understand the disparate effects of sitting time on obesity as seen in these healthy women. Furthermore, prospective research studies are needed to elucidate the causal association between obesity and sitting time.

Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Percent Body Fat with Incident Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Enrique G. Artero ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

scholarly journals Association between Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity among Overweight and Obese Youth: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Alicia M. Alonso-Martínez ◽  
Avery Faigenbaum ◽  
Jordi Olloquequi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Obese Youth ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

The aim of this study was to determine the minimum change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required to reduce adiposity (percent body fat) in exercise programs for overweight and obese youth. Studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases. Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, concurrent) that assessed percent body fat and CRF for both exercise and control groups in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A series of meta-regressions were conducted to explore links between change in CRF (maximum oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min) and change in percent body fat. Twenty-three RCTs were included (n = 1790, 59% females). Meta-regression analysis suggested that increases of at least 0.38 mL/kg/min in CRF (p < 0.001) were considered to be a clinically important reduction of percent body fat (−2.30%, 95% confidence interval −3.02 to −1.58; p < 0.001; I2 = 92.2%). Subgroup analysis showed that increases of at least 0.17 mL/kg/min in CRF favored a reduction of percent body fat of −1.62% (95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.9%). In conclusion, this change in CRF could be considered by pediatric researchers, youth fitness specialists, and health care providers to determine the effectiveness in body fat reductions through exercise.

The Relations Among Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S494
Author(s):  
Allen W. Jackson ◽  
James R. Morrow ◽  
Steven N. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat

A Comparison of Percent Body Fat Determined Using Skinfold and DXA Methods in Healthy Men and Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Dustin K. Raymer ◽  
Michael R. McCammon ◽  
Jennifer McCartney ◽  
Sasha King ◽  
Joseph Shoffner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men

scholarly journals Relationship between Smartphone Use Time, Sitting Time, and Fitness Level in University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-177
Author(s):  
Jun-Il Yoo ◽  
Jinkyung Cho ◽  
Kyung-Wan Baek ◽  
Min-Ho Kim ◽  
Ji-Seok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Smartphone Use

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of smartphone use time, sitting time, and fitness level in university students.METHODS: The participants of this study were 237 healthy university students (157 males and 80 females) enrolled from 2017 to 2018. The smartphone use time was divided into three groups: 0-4, ≥4-10, and ≥10 hours, as was the sitting time: 0-4, 4-7, and ≥7 hours. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the smartphone use time and sitting time for having low levels of fitness.RESULTS: There were linear decreases in physical fitness levels across incremental smartphone use time and sitting time. Compared to the smartphone use time for 0-4 hours (reference), smartphone use time for the ≥4-10 hours (OR=2.498; 95% CI=1.007-6.197; <i>p</i>=.048) or the 10≥group (OR=3.516; 95% CI=1.228-10.064; <i>p</i>=.019) had significantly higher ORs of having lower fitness even after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity and percent body fat. Likewise, logistic regression analyses showed that those who had sitting time for ≥7 hours (OR=3.135; 95% CI=1.155-8.512; <i>p</i>=.025) had significantly higher ORs of having lower fitness even after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity, and percent body fat, as compared with those who had sitting time for 0-<4 hours.CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggest that the smartphone using time and sitting time were associated with having the risk of lower level of physical fitness in university students.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) versus a Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance (InBody 770) Device for Body Composition Assessment after a 4-Week Hypoenergetic Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio ◽  
Kenyon ◽  
Ellerbroek ◽  
Carson ◽  
Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
X Ray

The purpose of this investigation was to compare two different methods of assessing body composition (i.e., a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) over a four-week treatment period in exercise-trained men and women. Subjects were instructed to reduce their energy intake while maintaining the same exercise regimen for a period of four weeks. Pre and post assessments for body composition (i.e., fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat) were determined via the MF-BIA and DXA. On average, subjects reduced their energy intake by ~18 percent. The MF-BIA underestimated fat mass and percentage body fat and overestimated fat-free mass in comparison to the DXA. However, when assessing the change in fat mass, fat-free mass or percent body fat, there were no statistically significant differences between the MF-BIA vs. DXA. Overall, the change in percent body fat using the DXA vs. the MF-BIA was −1.3 ± 0.9 and −1.4 ± 1.8, respectively. Our data suggest that when tracking body composition over a period of four weeks, the MF-BIA may be a viable alternative to the DXA in exercise-trained men and women.

scholarly journals Effect of Daily Macadamia Nut Consumption on Anthropometric Indices in Overweight and Obese Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 589-589
Author(s):  
Julie Jones ◽  
Sujatha Rajaram ◽  
Celine Heskey ◽  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Abigail Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Macadamia Nuts

Abstract Objectives We sought to assess the effect of daily consumption of macadamia nuts as 15% of calories on body weight, BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass in overweight/obese men and women with elevated cardiometabolic risk. Methods Utilizing a randomized crossover design, we randomized 38 subjects to consume macadamia nuts daily as 15% of calories for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Three subjects dropped out early; n = 35 for analysis. Subjects were healthy men and postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25–39, a waist circumference of &gt;101.6 cm for men and &gt;88.9 cm for women, and one additional cardiovascular risk factor (fasting plasma glucose &gt;100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, total cholesterol &gt;200 mg/dL, LDL-C &gt; 100 mg/dL, blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medication). Macadamia nuts were provided in pre-weighed daily portions as 15% of calories calculated using the Mifflin-St. Jeor equation. Percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass (kg) were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A mixed model analysis was performed with treatment, sequence, phase, and baseline values as fixed-effect terms and subjects as a random-effects term. Results Compared to control, consumption of macadamia nuts led to a mean weight change of –348 g (84.13 vs. 83.78 kg; P = 0.15) a mean BMI change of –0.15 kg/m2 (30.61 vs. 30.47 kg/m2; P = 0.12), and a mean waist circumference change of 0.17 cm (107.41 vs. 107.58 cm; P = 0.61). Percent body fat increased by an average of 0.26% after eating nuts (42.70 vs. 42.96%; P = 0.16). Skeletal muscle mass was slightly but significantly lower after eating nuts with a mean change of –0.237 kg (26.33 vs. 26.09 kg; P = 0.017). Conclusions Daily consumption of high-fat macadamia nuts for eight weeks in overweight and obese individuals did not change anthropometrics including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and % body fat. Skeletal muscle mass was slightly lowered but likely not clinically relevant. Funding Sources Hort Innovation, Sydney, Australia.

Abstract P167: The Body Adiposity Index in Africans is a more Practical Measure of Percent Fat than Bioelectric Impedance

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber B Courville ◽  
Dilatat Bello ◽  
Caroline K Thoreson ◽  
Michelle Y O'Connor ◽  
Stephanie T Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Adiposity Index ◽  
Bioelectric Impedance ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Body Adiposity

As the obesity epidemic overtakes Africa, practical methods to measure percent body fat need identification. Possibilities which have not been validated in Africans are the Body Adiposity Index (BAI), which uses hip circumference and height and the same formula for men and women, and bioelectric impedance (BIA) derived from NHANES III data and uses different equations for men and women. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans as the reference method, 107 Africans (71% male; age 39.5∓10.3 y, range 22 to 64 y; BMI 27.9∓4.5 kg/m 2 , range 19.7 to 41.2 kg/m 2 ) had percent body fat assessed in two ways. Method 1 was: BAI (Hip circumference/Height 1.5 )-18). Method 2 was: BIA (Men: weight - (-10.678 + 0.262*weight + 0.652*height 2 /resistance + 0.015*resistance))/weight*100; Women: (weight - (-9.529 + 0.168*weight + 0.696*height 2 /resistance + 0.016*resistance))/weight*100)). Percent body fat by DXA, BAI and BIA are shown in the Figure. Concordance was between 0.5 and 0.6 with P <0.001 for DXA and BAI as well as between DXA and BIA. Bland-Altman analyses revealed the BAI estimated percent body fat with a mean difference of 1.1% and limits of agreement of -9.7 and 11.9. With BIA the mean difference was 6.0% and the limits of agreement were -2.3 and 14.4.The BAI and BIA are similar in accuracy, but BAI is easier to apply as it requires only hip circumference and height measurements and uses the same equation for men and women. Therefore, BAI is a superior measure of body fat for both clinical and epidemiological studies in Africans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Colorectal Polyps Based on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscle Strength, Health Behavior, and Abdominal Obesity in Asymptomatic Elderly

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Junyong Zhang ◽  
Yonghwan Kim ◽  
Wangyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Care Center

Colorectal polyps are precursor lesions of colorectal cancer and are known to be associated with obesity, low physical activity, and unhealthy behavior. This cross-sectional study analyzed the prevalence of colorectal polyps based on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and health behavior in older adults. Participants were asymptomatic and included 1024 men and 472 women aged 65–80 years who visited the health care center. Colonoscopy was performed under conscious sedation, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured as the maximum oxygen uptake using gas analysis. Muscle strength was determined using isokinetic equipment, and physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking status were investigated using questionnaires. Waist circumference was measured at the thickest part of the middle of the abdomen. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of colorectal polyps using odds ratios (ORs) based on the variables. The incidence of colorectal polyps was 65.2% in men and 48.5% in women. The ORs of colorectal polyps for obesity were 1.151 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.010–2.291) and 1.178 (95% CI, 1.015–2.612) in men and women, respectively. The OR for colorectal polyps in male current smokers was 1.884. The ORs for low CRF were 1.985 and 1.841 in men and women, respectively, compared with high CRF. The prevalence of polyps increased with low muscle strength (men’s OR 1.343 women’s OR 1.440) and physical activity in both men (OR 1.693) and women (OR 1.861). In conclusion, lower CRF and muscle strength were associated with an increased prevalence of colorectal polyps in men and women. In both sexes, high waist circumference and low physical activity increased the prevalence of colorectal polyps.

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