Abstract P114: Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Abnormal Ankle Brachial Index: Estimates From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004)

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Singh ◽  
Courtney Pilkerton ◽  
Stephanie Frisbee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) share interrelated cardiovascular risk factors and are thus both strong indicators of an atherosclerotic process. However, few clinicians consider metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for abnormally low ABI and subsequent peripheral arterial disease. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the relationship between abnormal ABI and MetS and the role of cardiovascular risk factors on this relationship. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that persons with MetS compared to those without, are more likely to experience abnormally low ABI even after accounting for additional cardiovascular risk factors not defined in the MetS. Methods: The eligible population consisted of 7,458 men and women aged 40 years and older, with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) participating in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2004. Subjects were evaluated, according to the American Heart Association definitions, for abnormally low ABI < 1.0 (which included borderline low and low ABI) and metabolic syndrome with ≥ 3 of the following 5 components; central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to identify relationships between abnormal ABI and MetS, with adjustments for additional cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate models. Results: Participants with metabolic syndrome, as compared to those without, were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.01-2.26) times more likely to experience abnormally lower values of ABI after adjusting for gender, race, education, smoking and CRP. The relationship between abnormal ABI and MetS was modified by age (p value 0.01) but not by gender (p value 0.10) or race (p value 0.09). Additionally, odds of a lower ABI was highest for those with 4-5 components of MetS compared to those with 0-2 components (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.43). Examining individual MetS components in fully adjusted models revealed that hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.46) and low HDL cholesterol (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.87) were associated with higher odds of abnormal ABI. Conclusions: In conclusion, the presence of MetS in adults with and without CVD was associated with abnormally low ABI, even after accounting for additional cardiovascular risk factors not defined by the MetS. This study suggests that timely clinician awareness of abnormally low ABI in persons with at least three MetS components, hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL cholesterol, may be useful in preventing the debilitating effects of peripheral artery disease.

scholarly journals Associations between low HDL, sex and cardiovascular risk markers are substantially different in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK: analysis of four population studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. e005222
Author(s):  
Rosamund Greiner ◽  
Moffat Nyrienda ◽  
Lauren Rodgers ◽  
Gershim Asiki ◽  
Louis Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionLow high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is widely used as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk, although this relationship is not causal and is likely mediated through associations with other risk factors. Low HDL is extremely common in sub-Saharan African populations, and this has often been interpreted to indicate that these populations will have increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to determine whether the association between HDL and other cardiovascular risk factors differed between populations in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK.MethodsWe compared data from adults living in Uganda and Malawi (n=26 216) and in the UK (n=8747). We examined unadjusted and adjusted levels of HDL and applied the WHO recommended cut-offs for prevalence estimates. We used spline and linear regression to assess the relationship between HDL and other cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsHDL was substantially lower in the African than in the European studies (geometric mean 0.9–1.2 mmol/L vs 1.3–1.8 mmol/L), with African prevalence of low HDL as high as 77%. Total cholesterol was also substantially lower (geometric mean 3.3–3.9 mmol/L vs 4.6–5.4 mmol/L). In comparison with European studies the relationship between HDL and adiposity (body mass index, waist to hip ratio) was greatly attenuated in African studies and the relationship with non-HDL cholesterol reversed: in African studies low HDL was associated with lower non-HDL cholesterol. The association between sex and HDL was also different; using the WHO sex-specific definitions, low HDL was substantially more common among women (69%–77%) than men (41%–59%) in Uganda/Malawi.ConclusionThe relationship between HDL and sex, adiposity and non-HDL cholesterol in sub-Saharan Africa is different from European populations. In sub-Saharan Africans low HDL is a marker of low overall cholesterol and sex differences are markedly attenuated. Therefore low HDL in isolation is unlikely to indicate raised cardiovascular risk and the WHO sex-based cut-offs are inappropriate.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in university students

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1123-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bonifácio Barbosa ◽  
Alcione Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Mesquita Barbosa ◽  
Márcio Mesquita Barbosa ◽  
Carolina Abreu de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Blood Glucose

Abstract A cross-sectional population-based study using questionnaire and anthropometric data was conducted on 968 university students of São Luís, Brazil, from which 590 showed up for blood collection. In the statistical analysis the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests were used. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome by the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria was 20.5%, almost three times more prevalent in men (32.2%) than in women (13.5%) (P < 0.001). The prevalence of insulin resistance was 7.3% and the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was high (61.2%), both with no statistically significant differences by sex. Men showed a higher percentage of smoking, overweight, high blood pressure, high blood glucose and increased fasting hypertriglyceridemia. Women were more sedentary. University students of private institutions had higher prevalences of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides and metabolic syndrome than students from public institutions. High prevalences of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors were found in this young population. This suggests that the burden of these diseases in the future will be increased.

scholarly journals Association between Osteocalcin, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Role of Total and Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assim A. Alfadda ◽  
Afshan Masood ◽  
Shaffi Ahamed Shaik ◽  
Hafedh Dekhil ◽  
Michael Goran
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
First Time

Studies have demonstrated that total osteocalcin (TOC) is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and therefore might influence the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC) regulates insulin secretion and sensitivity in mice, but its relation to MetS in humans is unclear. We aimed to determine whether uOC is related to MetS and/or its individual components and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and whether TOC and uOC have utility in predicting the cardiovascular risk. We studied 203 T2DM patients with and without MetS. MetS was defined based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria. A correlation analysis was performed between the three outcome variables: (i) TOC, (ii) uOC, and (iii) carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) and MetS components and other cardiovascular risk factors. Both TOC and uOC were significantly lower in patients with MetS compared to those without MetS, independent of body mass index. In patients with MetS, uOC was significantly and positively correlated with HDL cholesterol, while TOC was significantly and negatively correlated with serum triglycerides. We report for the first time that uOC is related to lipid indices in patients with T2DM. Further studies are necessary to determine whether uOC can be utilized for cardiovascular risk assessments in these patients.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors among First Year Medical Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Raj Krishna Dangol ◽  
Bibek Koju ◽  
Priya Lanjekar ◽  
Chandrashekhar Pulipati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Introduction: Detection of cardiovascular risk in young age is important to motivate them to modify life styles and seek health care early to lower the chances of acquiring cardiovascular disease in later age. This study was done to assess cardiovascular risk factors among first year medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout September and October 2017 in which all first year medical students from a medical college were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Participants’ demography, family history of illness, anthropometric measurements, and blood reports of lipid profile and fasting glucose were acquired. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-21). Result: There were 99 participants; 55 males and 44 females. One or more risk factors were present in 87 (87.9%) participants. Moreover, 67.7% (n = 67) participants had more than one risk factors. Low HDL-cholesterol was the most common (n = 55, 55.6%) risk factor followed by elevated triacylglycerol (n = 47, 47.5%) and family history of hypertension (n = 45, 45.5%). There was no significant difference in presence of various risk factors between genders. Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among first year medical students. Majority of them had more than one risk factors. Low HDL-cholesterol was the most common risk factor. The risk factors were comparable in males and females.

scholarly journals Metabolic Constellations, Clusters, and Renal Function: Findings from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Kathleen E. Adair ◽  
Kelly R. Ylitalo ◽  
Jeffrey S. Forsse ◽  
LesLee K. Funderburk ◽  
Rodney G. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Relationship

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with decreased renal function and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To date, no research regarding the sixteen possible constellations resulting in the diagnosis of MetS has been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to report renal function in sixteen metabolic constellations grouped into four metabolic clusters. Individuals (n = 2767; representing 86,652,073 individuals) from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys who met the criteria for MetS were included. Sixteen possible constellations of three or more risk factors were analyzed for renal function. Four metabolic clusters representing MetS with hyperglycemia (Cluster I), MetS with hypertension (Cluster II), MetS with hyperglycemia and hypertension (Cluster III), or MetS with normoglycemia and normotension (Cluster IV) were assessed for renal function and CKD status. Cluster III had the highest odds of CKD (OR = 2.57, 95% CL = 1.79, 3.68). Clusters II and III had the lowest renal function and were not different from one another (87.82 and 87.28 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.71). The constellation with the lowest renal function consisted of hypertension, high triglycerides, and a large waist circumference (82.86 mL/min/1.73 m2), whereas the constellation with the highest renal function consisted of hyperglycemia, low HDL, and a large waist circumference (107.46 mL/min/1.73 m2). The sixteen constellations of MetS do not have the same effects on renal function. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the various iterations of MetS and renal function.

scholarly journals Impact of dining out on nutritional intake and metabolic syndrome risk factors: data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Oh ◽  
Hak-Seon Kim ◽  
Jae-Kyung No
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
National Health ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Using Data

The frequency of dining out has rapidly increased; however, the independent associations between dining out, metabolic syndrome risk factors and nutritional status have not been well characterised. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between dining out, nutritional intakes and metabolic syndrome risk factors among Korean adults, using data from the 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Frequency of dining out was significantly associated with intake of nutrients such as energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, Ca, Na, vitamin A and carotene. Especially, the result revealed that Korean adults had insufficient Ca intake compared with the Korean reference intake (700 mg). As the frequency of dining out increased, so did energy intake. In addition, individuals who dined out seven or more times per week experienced a 64 % higher likelihood of blood pressure abnormalities, an 88 % higher likelihood of waist circumference abnormalities, and a 32 % higher likelihood of low HDL-cholesterol levels than those who dined out less than once per week. BMI was not associated with the frequency of dining out. Our findings suggest that strategies to modify dining-out behaviour could reduce metabolic syndrome risk factors via improved nutrition.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Volumetric Plaque Components and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingri Zheng ◽  
So-Yeon Choi ◽  
Seung-Jea Tahk ◽  
Hong-Seok Lim ◽  
Hyoung-Mo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship
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