Abstract 482: Differences in Ground Reaction Forces and Chest Compression Release Velocity in Professional and Lay Rescuers With and Without the Use of Real-Time CPR Feedback

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyra Clark ◽  
Ben Senderling ◽  
Jeff R Gould ◽  
Chris Kaufman ◽  
Nick Stergiou
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Compression Cycle ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Range ◽  
Favorable Neurological Outcome ◽  
Compression Characteristics ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Purpose: Chest compression release velocity (CCRV) has been associated with survival and favorable neurological outcome after cardiac resuscitation. Both complete chest release and high CCRV contribute to improved venous return during CPR. Differences in compression forces delivered by professional and lay rescuers are reported, which may contribute to differences in CCRV. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate differences in ground reaction force (GRF) and CCRV between professional and lay rescuers during CPR performed on a manikin with and without real-time feedback. Methods: Professional (n = 5) and lay rescuers (n = 11) performed two minutes of continuous compressions on a manikin positioned over a force plate for two trials. CPR feedback provided by a defibrillator was disabled in the first trial and enabled in the second. CPR pads containing an accelerometer were used to calculate individual compression characteristics. Relative maximum and minimum GRFs were calculated for each compression cycle and averaged over each trial. Paired and independent sample t tests and Pearson correlations were conducted in STATA 15.1. Results: CCRV was higher in professionals vs. lay rescuers with feedback disabled and enabled ( p <0.05). Professionals had greater maximal and lower minimum forces than lay rescuers without feedback ( p <0.05), though there were no differences between groups with feedback enabled (Table 1). CCRV was associated with minimum force (r = -0.63, p <0.01) and force range (r = 0.78, p <0.01) in all rescuers. Analysis of GRFs by CCRV for all rescuers indicated lower force minimum (9.71 + 3.16 N, p <0.05) with CCRV >400 mm/s in comparison to CCRV 300-400 mm/s (39.73 + 8.91 N) and CCRV 200-300 mm/s (63.82 + 16.98 N). Conclusions: CPR feedback attenuated differences in GRF between professional and lay rescuers. CCRV was greater in professionals and was associated with measures of GRF, and thus may serve as an indicator of both velocity and amount of chest release.

Modification of the contact area of a standard force platform and runway for small breed dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. W. Kim ◽  
T. C. Garcia-Nolan ◽  
S. Y. Kim ◽  
K. Hayashi ◽  
P. L. Hitchens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Plate Size ◽  
Propulsion Force ◽  
In Series ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Clinically Significant

SummaryObjectives: To develop a platform that used standard size force plates for large breed dogs to capture ground reaction force data from any size dog.Methods: A walkway platform was constructed to accommodate two force plates (60 cm x 40 cm) positioned in series to a variety of smaller sizes. It was constructed from a custom wood frame with thick aluminium sheet force plate covers that prevented transfer of load to the force plate, except for rectangular windows of three different dimensions. A friction study was performed to ensure plates did not translate relative to one another during gait trials. A prospective, observational, single crossover study design was used to compare the effect of force platform configuration (full plate size [original plate], half plate size [modified plate]) on ground reaction forces using eight adult healthy Labrador Retriever dogs.Results: Slippage of the steel plate on the force plate did not occur. Peak propulsion force was the only kinetic variable statistically different between the full size and half sized platforms. There were no clinically significant differences between the full and half force platforms for the variables and dogs studied.Discussion and conclusion: The modified force platform allows the original 60 x 40 cm force plate to be adjusted effectively to a 30 x 40 cm, 20 x 40 cm and 15 x 40 cm sized plate with no clinically significant change in kinetic variables. This modification that worked for large breed dogs will potentially allow kinetic analysis of a large variety of dogs with different stride lengths.

Ground reaction force and hoof deceleration patterns on two different surfaces at the trot

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Gustås ◽  
Christopher Johnston ◽  
Stig Drevemo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Sand Surface ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Data

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare the hoof deceleration and ground reaction forces following impact on two different surfaces. Seven unshod Standardbreds were trotted by hand at 3.0–5.7 m s− 1 over a force plate covered by either of the two surfaces, sandpaper or a 1 cm layer of sand. Impact deceleration data were recorded from one triaxial accelerometer mounted on the fore- and hind hooves, respectively. Ground reaction force data were obtained synchronously from a force plate, sampled at 4.8 kHz. The differences between the two surfaces were studied by analysing representative deceleration and force variables for individual horses. The maximum horizontal peak deceleration and the loading rates of the vertical and the horizontal forces were significantly higher on sandpaper compared with the sand surface (P < 0.001). In addition, the initial vertical deceleration was significantly higher on sandpaper in the forelimb (P < 0.001). In conclusion, it was shown that the different qualities of the ground surface result in differences in the hoof-braking pattern, which may be of great importance for the strength of the distal horse limb also at slow speeds.

Correlation between Ground Reaction Force and Tibial Acceleration in Vertical Jumping

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niell G. Elvin ◽  
Alex A. Elvin ◽  
Steven P. Arnoczky
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Forces

Modern electronics allow for the unobtrusive measurement of accelerations outside the laboratory using wireless sensor nodes. The ability to accurately measure joint accelerations under unrestricted conditions, and to correlate them with jump height and landing force, could provide important data to better understand joint mechanics subject to real-life conditions. This study investigates the correlation between peak vertical ground reaction forces, as measured by a force plate, and tibial axial accelerations during free vertical jumping. The jump heights calculated from force-plate data and accelerometer measurements are also compared. For six male subjects participating in this study, the average coefficient of determination between peak ground reaction force and peak tibial axial acceleration is found to be 0.81. The coefficient of determination between jump height calculated using force plate and accelerometer data is 0.88. Data show that the landing forces could be as high as 8 body weights of the jumper. The measured peak tibial accelerations ranged up to 42 g. Jump heights calculated from force plate and accelerometer sensors data differed by less than 2.5 cm. It is found that both impact accelerations and landing forces are only weakly correlated with jump height (the average coefficient of determination is 0.12). This study shows that unobtrusive accelerometers can be used to determine the ground reaction forces experienced in a jump landing. Whereas the device also permitted an accurate determination of jump height, there was no correlation between peak ground reaction force and jump height.

Modification of Impulse Generation During Pirouette Turns With Increased Rotational Demands

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Zaferiou ◽  
Rand R. Wilcox ◽  
Jill L. McNitt-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Impulse Generation ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Angular Impulse

This study determined how dancers regulated angular and linear impulse during the initiation of pirouettes of increased rotation. Skilled dancers (n = 11) performed single and double pirouette turns with each foot supported by a force plate. Linear and angular impulses generated by each leg were quantified and compared between turn types using probability-based statistical methods. As rotational demands increased, dancers increased the net angular impulse generated. The contribution of each leg to net angular impulse in both single and double pirouettes was influenced by stance configuration strategies. Dancers who generated more angular impulse with the push leg than with the turn leg initiated the turn with the center of mass positioned closer to the turn leg than did other dancers. As rotational demands increased, dancers tended to increase the horizontal reaction force magnitude at one or both feet; however, they used subject-specific mechanisms. By coordinating the generation of reaction forces between legs, changes in net horizontal impulse remained minimal, despite impulse regulation at each leg used to achieve more rotations. Knowledge gained regarding how an individual coordinates the generation of linear and angular impulse between both legs as rotational demand increased can help design tools to improve that individual’s performance.

scholarly journals Ground Reaction Force Comparison Between Barefoot and Shod Single Leg Landing at Varied Heights

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Jocelyn E. Arnett ◽  
Cameron D. Addie ◽  
Ludmila M. Cosio-Lima ◽  
Lee E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Main Effects

Background: Landing is a common movement that occurs in many sports. Barefoot research has gained popularity in examining how shoes alter natural movements. However, it is unknown how a single leg landing under barefoot conditions, as well as landing height, affects ground reaction forces (GRF). Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in GRF during a single leg landing under barefoot and shod conditions from various heights. Methods: Sixteen female Division II collegiate athletes, 8 basketball (age: 19.88 ± 0.64 yrs; height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m; mass: 75.76 ± 12.97 kg) and 8 volleyball (age: 20.00 ± 1.07 yrs; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; mass: 72.41 ± 5.41 kg), performed single leg landings from 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches barefoot and shod. An AMTI AccuGait force plate was used to record GRF. A 2 (condition) x 4 (box height) x 2 (sport) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine any GRF differences. Results: There were no significant three way or two-way interactions (p > 0.05). There was also no main effect for sport (p > 0.05). There were main effects for footwear and box height (p = 0.000) where shod (2295.121 ± 66.025 N) had greater impact than barefoot (2090.233 ± 62.684 N). Conclusions: Single leg barefoot landings resulted in less vertical GRF than shod landings. This could be due to increased flexion at the joints which aids in force absorption.

Effects of Simulated Genu Valgum and Genu Varum on Ground Reaction Forces and Subtalar Joint Function During Gait

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van Gheluwe ◽  
Kevin A. Kirby ◽  
Friso Hagman
Keyword(s):  
Subtalar Joint ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Genu Varum ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Gait Study

The mechanical effects of genu valgum and varum deformities on the subtalar joint were investigated. First, a theoretical model of the forces within the foot and lower extremity during relaxed bipedal stance was developed predicting the rotational effect on the subtalar joint due to genu valgum and varum deformities. Second, a kinetic gait study was performed involving 15 subjects who walked with simulated genu valgum and genu varum over a force plate and a plantar pressure mat to determine the changes in the ground reaction force vector within the frontal plane and the changes in the center-of-pressure location on the plantar foot. These results predicted that a genu varum deformity would tend to cause a subtalar pronation moment to increase or a supination moment to decrease during the contact and propulsion phases of walking. With genu valgum, it was determined that during the contact phase a subtalar pronation moment would increase, whereas in the early propulsive phase, a subtalar supination moment would increase or a pronation moment would decrease. However, the current inability to track the spatial position of the subtalar joint axis makes it difficult to determine the absolute direction and magnitudes of the subtalar joint moments. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 95(6): 531–541, 2005)

GROUND REACTION FORCE ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL AND WADDLING GAIT PATTERNS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350024
Author(s):  
Mehdi Razeghi ◽  
Mostafa Rostami ◽  
Nima Jamshidi ◽  
Hamed Ghomashchi
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Plate Analysis

Background: The purpose of this case series was to quantify gait to study muscular dystrophy. In this research, the quantitative differences between normal and waddling gaits were assessed by force plate analysis. Methods: Nineteen myopathy patients and 20 normal subjects serving as the control group participated in this research. In this study, quantitative analyses of gait have been used to investigate the differences in mobility between normal subjects and myopathy patients. Patient data were collected from Iranian Muscular Dystrophy Association members, and normal data were extracted from students of Azad University. All of the gait tests were performed using a Kistler force platform. Participants walked at a self-selected speed, barefoot, independently, and without assistive devices. Results: Our findings indicate that there were no significant differences between the patients and the control group in the anterior–posterior components of the ground reaction forces; however, there were considerable differences in the force components between the groups in the medial-lateral and vertical directions of the ground reaction force. In addition, there were significant differences in the time parameters between the groups along the vertical and medial-lateral directions.

scholarly journals Pressure-Sensitive Insoles for Real-Time Gait-Related Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Martini ◽  
Tommaso Fiumalbi ◽  
Filippo Dell’Agnello ◽  
Zoran Ivanić ◽  
Marko Munih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Time Accuracy

Wearable robotic devices require sensors and algorithms that can recognize the user state in real-time, in order to provide synergistic action with the body. For devices intended for locomotion-related applications, shoe-embedded sensors are a common and convenient choice, potentially advantageous for performing gait assessment in real-world environments. In this work, we present the development of a pair of pressure-sensitive insoles based on optoelectronic sensors for the real-time estimation of temporal gait parameters. The new design makes use of a simplified sensor configuration that preserves the time accuracy of gait event detection relative to previous prototypes. The system has been assessed relatively to a commercial force plate recording the vertical component of the ground reaction force (vGRF) and the coordinate of the center of pressure along the so-called progression or antero-posterior plane (CoPAP) in ten healthy participants during ground-level walking at two speeds. The insoles showed overall median absolute errors (MAE) of 0.06 (0.02) s and 0.04 (0.02) s for heel-strike and toe-off recognition, respectively. Moreover, they enabled reasonably accurate estimations of the stance phase duration (2.02 (2.03) % error) and CoPAP profiles (Pearson correlation coefficient with force platform ρCoP = 0.96 (0.02)), whereas the correlation with vGRF measured by the force plate was lower than that obtained with the previous prototype (ρvGRF = 0.47 (0.20)). These results confirm the suitability of the insoles for online sensing purposes such as timely gait phase estimation and discrete event recognition.

scholarly journals The role of the contralateral limb in below-knee amputee gait

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. B. Hurley ◽  
R. McKenney ◽  
M. Robinson ◽  
M. Zadravec ◽  
M. R. Pierrynowski
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Joint Reaction Forces ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Joint Reaction ◽  
Amputee Gait

Very little quantitative biomechanical research has been carried out evaluating issues relevant to prosthetic management. The literature available suggests that amputees may demonstrate an asymmetrical gait pattern. Furthermore, studies suggest that the forces occurring during amputee gait may be unequally distributed between the contralateral and prosthetic lower limbs/This study investigates the role of the contralateral limb in amputee gait by determining lower limb joint reaction forces and symmetry of motion in an amputee and non-amputee population. Seven adult below-knee amputees and four non-amputees participated in the study. Testing involved collection of kinematic coordinate data employing a WATSMART video system and ground reaction force data using a Kistler force plate. The degree of lower limb symmetry was determined using bilateral angle-angle diagrams and a chain encoding technique. Ankle, knee and hip joint reaction forces were estimated in order to evaluate the forces acting across the joints of the amputee's contralateral limb. The amputees demonstrated a lesser degree of lower limb symmetry than the non-amputees. This asymmetrical movement was attributed to the inherent variability of the actions of the prosthetic lower limb. The forces acting across the joints of the contralateral limb were not significantly higher than that of the non-amputee. This suggests that, providing the adult amputee has a good prosthetic fit, there will not be increased forces across the joints of the contralateral limb and consequently no predisposition for the long-term wearer to develop premature degenerative arthritis.

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