Abstract P449: Associations of Unhealthy Food and Physical Activity Environments With Adverse Cardiac Function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi B Patel ◽  
Laura A Colangelo ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
Clyde W Yancy ◽  
Donald M Lloyd-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment ◽  
Physical Activity Facilities

Background: Substantial disparities in risk of heart failure (HF) exist by race, which may be driven by certain social or environmental factors. The relationship between the neighborhood built environment, including food and physical activity facilities, and risk of HF is unclear. The associations of the built environment and subclinical cardiac dysfunction may offer insight into mechanisms that lead to increased HF risk. Methods: In the CARDIA study, we evaluated the associations between measures of the neighborhood built environment and echocardiographic indices of cardiac function at the Year 25 exam (Y25). Built measures were assessed within a 3-km Euclidean distance from participant residence and included: 1) proportion of fast food restaurants or convenience stores relative to total food outlets and 2) number of public or commercial physical activity facilities. Results: Among 2,363 participants (44% male, 51% black) with available data from Y25, higher proportions of fast food restaurants and convenience stores were independently associated with lower left ventricular (LV) diastolic function (lower e’ tissue velocities and higher E/e’) ( Table ). Lower number of public and commercial physical activity facilities were independently associated with lower LV systolic function (LV longitudinal strain) and diastolic function. Conclusions: Food environments with higher proportions of fast food and convenience stores are associated with lower diastolic function, and environments with less physical activity facilities are associated with worse systolic and diastolic function. These findings suggest relationships between the built environment and subclinical HF.

Abstract 402: Vitamin C Deficiency Impairs Cardiac Function and Post-infarction Survival in the Mouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo G Mauro ◽  
Donatas Kraskauskas ◽  
Bassem M Mohammed ◽  
Bernard J Fisher ◽  
Eleonora Mezzaroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Gulonolactone Oxidase ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

Introduction: L-gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo) is the rate limiting enzyme for Vitamin C (VitC) biosynthesis. Humans rely on dietary VitC for collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix formation, and tissue regeneration. VitC deficiency is an unrecognized condition and its role in cardiac homeostasis and post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remodeling is unknown. Hypothesis: Low levels of VitC impair cardiac function and tissue repair following AMI. Methods: Adult male Gulo -/- knockout mice (C57BL6 background, N=8) and control C57BL (N=8), which are able to synthesize VitC were used. VitC deficiency was maintained supplying low levels of VitC (30mg/l) to Gulo -/- mice in drinking water. Mice underwent M-mode and Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular (LV) diameters and wall thicknesses, fractional shortening (FS), E and A waves, E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) and myocardial performance index (MPI). Experimental AMI was induced by coronary artery ligation for 7 days. An additional group of Gulo -/- were mice supplemented with physiological levels of VitC (330 mg/l) and underwent AMI. Results: VitC deficient Gulo -/- mice exhibited significantly reduced LV wall thicknesses, reduced FS, and impaired diastolic function, measured as significantly reduced E/A ratio and longer IRT (Panel A, B & C). Following AMI, 100% (8/8) of deficient Gulo -/- mice died within 5 days. Supplementation with physiological levels of VitC significantly improved survival after AMI (Panel D). Conclusion: VitC deficiency impairs systolic and diastolic function. Moreover, VitC is critical for the post-AMI survival.

Associations of the Neighborhood Built Environment With Physical Activity Across Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kiarri N. Kershaw ◽  
Derek J. Marsh ◽  
Emma G. Crenshaw ◽  
Rebecca B. McNeil ◽  
Victoria L. Pemberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

Background: Several features of the neighborhood built environment have been shown to promote leisure-time physical activity (PA) in the general population, but few studies have examined its impact on PA during pregnancy. Methods: Data were extracted from 8362 Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be cohort participants (2010–2013). Residential address information was linked to 3 built environment characteristics: number of gyms and recreation areas within a 3-km radius of residence and census block level walkability. Self-reported leisure-time PA was measured in each trimester and dichotomized as meeting PA guidelines or not. Relative risks for cross-sectional associations between neighborhood characteristics and meeting PA guidelines were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: More gyms and recreation areas were each associated with a greater chance of meeting PA guidelines in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and preexisting conditions. Associations were strongest in the third trimester where each doubling in counts of gyms and recreation areas was associated with 10% (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.13) and 8% (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.12), respectively, greater likelihood of meeting PA guidelines. Associations were similar though weaker for walkability. Conclusions: Results from a large, multisite cohort suggest that these built environment characteristics have similar PA-promoting benefits in pregnant women as seen in more general populations.

scholarly journals Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Retail Food Environment ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Retail Food

Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual’s homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people’s home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. “Food swamps” (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than “food deserts” (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong’s urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.

scholarly journals Impact of neighbourhood food environment on diet and obesity in China: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruopeng An ◽  
Li He ◽  
MS Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Local Residents

AbstractObjective:This study systematically reviewed literature on the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet and obesity among residents in China.Design:A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria include study designs: longitudinal/cohort studies or cross-sectional studies; study participants: people of all ages; exposures: neighbourhood food environment (e.g. restaurants, supermarkets, wet markets, fast-food restaurants, or convenience stores); outcomes: diet and/or body weight status; and country: China.Results:Seventeen studies met all criteria and were included. Among the eight studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to diet, six reported at least one statistically significant relationship in the expected direction, whereas the remaining two exclusively reported null effects. Among the eleven studies that assessed the neighbourhood food environment in relation to body weight or overweight/obesity, ten reported a significant association whereas the remaining one reported a null relationship. Variety, density, and proximity of food outlets were positively associated with local residents’ dietary diversity, portion size, and daily caloric intake. Density and proximity of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores were positively associated with local residents’ adiposity in some but not all studies. Evidence linking any specific food outlet type to diet/obesity remains lacking due to the small number of studies and heterogeneities in food environment measures, geographical locations, and population subgroups.Conclusions:The neighbourhood food environment may influence diet and obesity among Chinese residents but the evidence remains preliminary. Future studies adopting an experimental study design and objective/validated environment and dietary measures are warranted.

scholarly journals Is the perceived neighborhood built environment associated with domain-specific physical activity in Latin American adults? An eight-country observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
◽  
André Oliveira Werneck ◽  
Danilo Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Land Use Mix ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Background Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment are associated with physical activity (PA). However, few studies with representative samples have examined environmental correlates of domain-specific PA in Latin America. We examined the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with domain-specific PA in a large sample of adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods This study examined data from 8185 adults (aged 18–65 years) from eight Latin American countries. The Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey - Abbreviated (NEWS-A) scale was used to assess perceptions of land use mix–diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, safety from traffic, and safety from crime. Perceived proximity from home to public open spaces (metropolitan parks, playgrounds, public squares) and to shopping centers was also measured. Transport-related and leisure-time PA were assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Both logistic and linear regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results Perceptions of higher land use mix-access (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22,1.61), the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.12; 1.04,1.20), slow speed of traffic (1.19; 1.03,1.35) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.09; 1.03,1.15) were associated with greater odds of reporting at least 10 min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher levels of land use mix-diversity, better aesthetics and greater safety from crime, the presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals, and greater proximity of shopping centers were associated with more min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity (1.12; 1.05,1.20), higher land use mix-access (1.27; 1.13,1.43), more walking/cycling facilities (1.18; 1.09,1.28), and better aesthetics (1.10; 1.02,1.18) were associated with greater odds of engaging in at least 10 min/week of leisure-time PA versus none. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity were associated with more min/week of leisure PA. Conclusions Different perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with domain-specific PA among adults from Latin America countries. Interventions designed to modify perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment might influence initiation or maintenance of domain-specific PA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials. Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

scholarly journals Everyday Walking Among Older Adults and the Neighborhood Built Environment: A Comparison Between Two Cities in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Herbolsheimer ◽  
Atiya Mahmood ◽  
Yvonne L. Michael ◽  
Habib Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Metro Vancouver ◽  
Walkable Neighborhood ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

A walkable neighborhood becomes particularly important for older adults for whom physical activity and active transportation are critical for healthy aging-in-place. For many older adults, regular walking takes place in the neighborhood and is the primary mode of mobility. This study took place in eight neighborhoods in Metro Portland (USA) and Metro Vancouver (Canada), examining older adults' walking behavior and neighborhood built environmental features. Older adults reported walking for recreation and transport in a cross-sectional telephone survey. Information on physical activity was combined with audits of 355 street segments using the Senior Walking Environmental Audit Tool-Revised (SWEAT-R). Multi-level regression models examined the relationship between built environmental characteristics and walking for transport or recreation. Older adults [N = 434, mean age: 71.6 (SD = 8.1)] walked more for transport in high-density neighborhoods and in Metro Vancouver compared to Metro Portland (M = 12.8 vs. M = 2.2 min/day; p &lt; 0.001). No relationship was found between population density and walking for recreation. Older adults spent more time walking for transport if pedestrian crossing were present (p = 0.037) and if parks or outdoor fitness amenities were available (p = 0.022). The immediate neighborhood built environment supports walking for transport in older adults. Comparing two similar metropolitan areas highlighted that high population density is necessary, yet not a sufficient condition for walking in the neighborhood.

scholarly journals Adults’ leisure-time physical activity and the neighborhood built environment: a contextual perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kajosaari ◽  
Tiina E. Laatikainen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Sport Facilities ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Background Context-free outcome measures, such as overall leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), are habitually applied to study the neighborhood built environment correlates of physical activity. This cross sectional study identifies and empirically tests potential methodological limitations related to the use of context-free measures and discusses how these may help in the interpretation of inconsistent associations between participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA and objectively measured neighborhood-level built environment attributes. Methods We employ a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS), an advanced participatory mapping method, to study the spatial distribution of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA among adult urban Finnish residents (n 1322). Secondary sources of GIS land-use and sport facility data were used to disaggregate respondent-mapped LTPA by the behavioral context, such as indoor and outdoor sport facilities, green spaces, and other public open spaces. Associations between the use of the identified LTPA settings and a range of objectively measured neighborhood built environment attributes were studied with multilevel logistic regression models. Results Disaggregated by behavioral context, we observed varied and partly opposite built environment correlates for LTPA. The use of indoor and outdoor sport facilities showed no significant associations with their neighborhood availability, but were significantly associated with personal-level attributes. By contrast, participation in LTPA in green and built public open space shared significant associations with access to and availability of neighborhood green space that persisted after controlling for personal-level covariates. Moreover, neighborhood distances up to 1600 m poorly captured participation in moderate-to-vigorous LTPA, as, on average, 40% of visits were located further from home. However, we found the immediate home environment to be an important LTPA setting for the least active participants. Conclusions This study demonstrates that LTPA can be a highly heterogeneous measure regarding both the spatial distribution and the environmental correlates of behavioral contexts. The results show that context-free LTPA outcome measures yield inconsistent associations with built environment exposure variables, challenging the applicability of such measures in designing neighborhood-level built environment interventions.

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