gulonolactone oxidase
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Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Xin Yin ◽  
Kaiwen Chen ◽  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Shuai Feng ◽  
...  

The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. It is an indispensable nutrient and plays a key role in retaining the physiological process of humans and animals. L-gulonolactone oxidase, the key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of ascorbic acid, is lacking in some mammals including humans. The functionality of ascorbic acid has prompted the development of foods fortified with this vitamin. As a natural antioxidant, it is expected to protect the sensory and nutritional characteristics of the food. It is thus important to know the degradation of ascorbic acid in the food matrix and its interaction with coexisting components. The biggest challenge in the utilization of ascorbic acid is maintaining its stability and improving its delivery to the active site. The review also includes the current strategies for stabilizing ascorbic acid and the commercial applications of ascorbic acid.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Chenxu Wang ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Xinhuo Huang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Many researches about in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken, but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself, the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC. This study aims to explore the above problems. Results Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19 (E19) to post-hatch day 1 (D1) and in intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from E17 to D1. Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42. IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver, kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but increased the VC content in plasma, brain, kidney and liver. In addition, IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress. Conclusions This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation. These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. S. N. Shanaka ◽  
Sumi Jung ◽  
N. D. Janson ◽  
J. R. P. Jayasingha ◽  
K. P. Madushani ◽  
...  

Loss of L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO), which catalyzes the last step of the ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis pathway, results in a complete lack of AA in several Osteichthyes fish species, including zebrafish. In this study, sGULO, the active GULO gene from cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame) was cloned into zebrafish using the Gateway cloning method. The resulting Tg(b-actin:sGULO:mCherry) fish were analyzed for the effects of a reestablished AA pathway. Fluorescent microscopy and PCR were used to analyze the integration of the construct into the zebrafish genome. Catalytic activity of sGULO, AA production, growth-related characteristics, and gene expression were investigated to evaluate the effects of AA production in Tg fish. The mCherry fluorescent protein indicated the proper integration and expression of the sGULO construct in zebrafish. The sGULO gene was ubiquitously expressed in all the studied tissues and the enzyme activity indicated an increased AA production in Tg fish. The growth of Tg fish was also increased, and antioxidant system analysis suggests that reactive oxygen species production was reduced in Tg fish compared with wild type. Expression of the AA transporter slc23a1 was significantly downregulated in Tg homozygous fish. These results collectively indicate the effects of reestablished AA synthesis in zebrafish.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Kailong Qin ◽  
Jiakun Yan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Some previous studies have indicated that in ovo feeding (IOF) of vitamin C (VC) had positive effects on the performance in poultry. In order to realize embryonic VC supplementation, an idea about hen’s dietary VC supplementation to achieve VC enrichment in produced eggs was proposed. And this study was executed to investigate the effects of dietary VC supplementation on synthesis and transportation of VC in layers and VC deposition status in produced eggs.Results: Compared with Arbor Acres breeder eggs, egg VC content was lower in Isa Brown breeder eggs and Hy-Line Brown layer eggs (P < 0.05). Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) and SVCT2 expression was higher in ileum than in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). SVCT1 expression was extremely higher in magnum than in ovary, while SVCT2 expression was lower (P < 0.05). L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) expression was extremely higher and SVCT1 expression was higher in kidney than in liver, while SVCT2 was lower (P < 0.05). 400 mg/kg VC supplementation increased SVCT1 expression in duodenum, ovary and magnum, while decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in liver (P < 0.05). 200 and 400 mg/kg VC supplementation increased SVCT2 expression in duodenum, while decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in kidney and SVCT2 expression in liver (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Hy-Line Brown layer was a useful model for investigating effects of dietary VC supplementation on VC deposition in produced eggs. Dietary VC supplementation promoted VC absorption in duodenum and jejunum, but reduced endogenous VC synthesis in liver and kidney. Although dietary VC supplementation enhanced VC transportation in ovary and magnum, it finally failed to increase VC deposition in produced eggs.


Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Paciolla ◽  
Stefania Fortunato ◽  
Nunzio Dipierro ◽  
Annalisa Paradiso ◽  
Silvana De Leonardis ◽  
...  

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is an excellent free radical scavenger, not only for its capability to donate reducing equivalents but also for the relative stability of the derived monodehydroascorbate radical. However, vitamin C is not only an antioxidant, since it is also a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in plant and human metabolism. In humans, vitamin C takes part in various physiological processes, such as iron absorption, collagen synthesis, immune stimulation, and epigenetic regulation. Due to the functional loss of the gene coding for l-gulonolactone oxidase, humans cannot synthesize vitamin C; thus, they principally utilize plant-based foods for their needs. For this reason, increasing the vitamin C content of crops could have helpful effects on human health. To achieve this objective, exhaustive knowledge of the metabolism and functions of vitamin C in plants is needed. In this review, the multiple roles of vitamin C in plant physiology as well as the regulation of its content, through biosynthetic or recycling pathways, are analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to the strategies that have been used to increase the content of vitamin C in crops, emphasizing not only the improvement of nutritional value of the crops but also the acquisition of plant stress resistance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia F. Henriques ◽  
Pedro Duque ◽  
Hugo López-Fernández ◽  
Noé Vázquez ◽  
Florentino Fdez-Riverola ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo G Mauro ◽  
Donatas Kraskauskas ◽  
Bassem M Mohammed ◽  
Bernard J Fisher ◽  
Eleonora Mezzaroma ◽  
...  

Introduction: L-gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo) is the rate limiting enzyme for Vitamin C (VitC) biosynthesis. Humans rely on dietary VitC for collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix formation, and tissue regeneration. VitC deficiency is an unrecognized condition and its role in cardiac homeostasis and post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remodeling is unknown. Hypothesis: Low levels of VitC impair cardiac function and tissue repair following AMI. Methods: Adult male Gulo -/- knockout mice (C57BL6 background, N=8) and control C57BL (N=8), which are able to synthesize VitC were used. VitC deficiency was maintained supplying low levels of VitC (30mg/l) to Gulo -/- mice in drinking water. Mice underwent M-mode and Doppler echocardiography to measure left ventricular (LV) diameters and wall thicknesses, fractional shortening (FS), E and A waves, E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) and myocardial performance index (MPI). Experimental AMI was induced by coronary artery ligation for 7 days. An additional group of Gulo -/- were mice supplemented with physiological levels of VitC (330 mg/l) and underwent AMI. Results: VitC deficient Gulo -/- mice exhibited significantly reduced LV wall thicknesses, reduced FS, and impaired diastolic function, measured as significantly reduced E/A ratio and longer IRT (Panel A, B & C). Following AMI, 100% (8/8) of deficient Gulo -/- mice died within 5 days. Supplementation with physiological levels of VitC significantly improved survival after AMI (Panel D). Conclusion: VitC deficiency impairs systolic and diastolic function. Moreover, VitC is critical for the post-AMI survival.


eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Wheeler ◽  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Varissa Pornsaksit ◽  
Nicholas Smirnoff

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an enzyme co-factor in eukaryotes that also plays a critical role in protecting photosynthetic eukaryotes against damaging reactive oxygen species derived from the chloroplast. Many animal lineages, including primates, have become ascorbate auxotrophs due to the loss of the terminal enzyme in their biosynthetic pathway, l-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO). The alternative pathways found in land plants and Euglena use a different terminal enzyme, l-galactonolactone dehydrogenase (GLDH). The evolutionary processes leading to these differing pathways and their contribution to the cellular roles of ascorbate remain unclear. Here we present molecular and biochemical evidence demonstrating that GULO was functionally replaced with GLDH in photosynthetic eukaryote lineages following plastid acquisition. GULO has therefore been lost repeatedly throughout eukaryote evolution. The formation of the alternative biosynthetic pathways in photosynthetic eukaryotes uncoupled ascorbate synthesis from hydrogen peroxide production and likely contributed to the rise of ascorbate as a major photoprotective antioxidant.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Huang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Lishi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu ◽  
Lu Lu ◽  
...  

The objective of this study is to identify sex differentially expressed genes in bone using a mouse model of spontaneous fracture,sfx, which lacks the gene for L-gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo), a key enzyme in the ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis pathway. We first identified the genes that are differentially expressed in the femur between female and male insfxmice. We then analyzed the potential gene network among those differentially expressed genes with whole genome expression profiles generated using spleens of female and male mice of a total of 67 BXD (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J) recombinant inbred (RI) and other strains. Our result indicated that there was a sex difference in the whole genome profiles insfxmice as measured by the proportion of up- and downregulated genes. Several genes in the pathway of bone development are differentially expressed between the male and female ofsfxmice. Comparison of gene network of up- and downregulated bone relevant genes also suggests a sex difference.


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