scholarly journals Coronary Artery Anomalies

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 983-996
Author(s):  
Francesco Gentile ◽  
Vincenzo Castiglione ◽  
Raffaele De Caterina
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Prognostic Implication ◽  
Improve Risk Stratification ◽  
Coronary Imaging ◽  
Potential Impact

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are a group of congenital conditions characterized by abnormal origin or course of any of the 3 main epicardial coronary arteries. Although CAAs have been identified as a common underlying condition in young athletes with sudden cardiac death, the widespread use of invasive and noninvasive coronary imaging has led to increased recognition of CAAs among adults. CAAS are often discovered as an incidental finding during the diagnostic workup for ischemic heart disease. The clinical correlates and prognostic implication of CAAs remain poorly understood in this context, and guideline-recommended therapeutic choices are supported by a low level of scientific evidence. Several studies have examined whether assessment of CAA-related myocardial ischemia can improve risk stratification in these patients, suggesting that multimodality imaging and functional tests may be key in the management of CAAs. The aim of this review is to outline definitions, classification, and epidemiology of the most relevant CAAs, highlighting recent advances and the potential impact of multimodality evaluation, and to discuss current therapeutic opportunities.

Ischaemic heart disease: coronary artery anomalies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Picano ◽  
Fausto Pinto ◽  
Blazej Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Venous Structure ◽  
Coronary Artery Segment

Coronary anomalies occur in less than 1% of the general population and their clinical presentation can range anywhere from a benign incidental finding to the cause of sudden cardiac death. Since congenital coronary arteries anomalies are often considered as the first cause of cardiac death in young athletes in Europe, careful attention has to be paid in this specific subpopulation in case of suggestive symptoms. Although focused expert echocardiography is the first-line imaging tool, coronary computed tomography or radiation-free magnetic resonance imaging are recommended for more definitive definition of the coronary course in persons suspected of having coronary artery anomalies. Most coronary anomalies belong to the group of anomalous origin. Aneurysms are defined as dilations of a coronary vessel 1.5 times the normal adjacent coronary artery segment. Coronary artery fistulas are communications between one or more coronary arteries and a cardiac chamber (coronary-cameral), the pulmonary artery, or a venous structure (such as the sinus or superior vena cava).

scholarly journals MULTIMODALITY IMAGING IN CORONARY ARTERY ANOMALIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. A671
Author(s):  
Jae Yoon Park ◽  
Abdallah El Sabbagh ◽  
Ammar Killu ◽  
Robert Frye
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies

scholarly journals Prevalence and patterns of coronary artery anomalies in 28,800 adult patients undergoing angiography in a large tertiary care centre in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Bansal ◽  
Prattay Guha Sarkar ◽  
Mohit D. Gupta ◽  
MP Girish ◽  
Shekhar Kunal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Large Tertiary Care ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Coronary Angiograms ◽  
Arterial Anatomy

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are a diverse group of disorders with varied clinical presentation and pathophysiological mechanisms. A majority of these anomalies are asymptomatic and often an incidental finding on coronary angiogram or autopsy. This retrospective study included 28,800 patients who underwent coronary angiography from 2016 to 2020. The coronary angiograms were reviewed by two independent reviewers and CAAs were documented. CAAs were classified into (a) anomalies of coronary artery connection, (b) anomalies of intrinsic coronary arterial anatomy and (c) anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction as proposed by the European Society of Cardiology. Of the 28,800 coronary angiograms, CAAs were present in 4.12% with anomalies in the left coronary artery (LCA) being most common. Anomalies of coronary artery connection were most common (48.48%) followed by anomalies of myocardial/coronary artery interaction (34.49%) and anomalies of intrinsic coronary artery anatomy (17.03%). Among anomalies of coronary artery connection, absent left main trunk or split LCA with separate origins of left anterior descending coronary artery and left circumflex coronary artery from the left coronary sinus of Valsalva (22.59%) was most common. An intramural course or “myocardial bridge” had an incidence of 1.16%  while incidence of coronary artery fistulae (CAF) was 0.115%.

scholarly journals Unduly long left main (79 mm) coronary artery arising from right coronary sinus in a 64-year-old diabetic man

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e229815
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Puneet Aggarwal ◽  
Mahmodula Razi ◽  
Vinay Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Coronary Angiogram ◽  
Exertional Dyspnoea ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Extensive Search

Coronary artery anomalies are usually an incidental finding on coronary angiogram. Most of them are benign, although few of them are malignant which may cause sudden cardiac death. A 64-year-old diabetic, hypertensive man underwent coronary angiography for evaluation of exertional dyspnoea, and angina which revealed an anomalous left main coronary artery (LMCA) arising from right coronary sinus which was unduly long (79 mm) but free from any disease. To the best of our knowledge after extensive search in literature, this is the longest LMCA to be ever reported. The patient was managed conservatively.

scholarly journals Sudden Death and Coronary Artery Anomalies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Rizzo ◽  
Monica De Gaspari ◽  
Carla Frescura ◽  
Massimo Padalino ◽  
Gaetano Thiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies

Congenital coronary artery anomalies (CAA) include a wide spectrum of malformations present at birth with various clinical manifestations and degrees of severity. Patients may be asymptomatic, and CAA may be an incidental finding during cardiac imaging or at autopsy. However, in other cases, ischemia-related signs and symptoms, leading to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), often as first presentation may occur. In this chapter, we discuss the normal anatomy of the coronary arteries (CA) and the pathology of CAA at risk of SCD, including our experience with victims of SCD among the young population (age <40 years) and among athletes.

scholarly journals Frequency of Coronary Artery Anomalies in patients undergoing Coronary Angiography.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Imran Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Shahbaz Amjad ◽  
Rehan Riaz ◽  
Ali Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Study Setting

Coronary artery anomalies are abnormalities in coronary arteries by birth (congenital) and involve their anatomy, course and function. They usually occur in association with other congenital cardiac defects. Coronary artery anomalies are usually clinically silent as they do not cause symptoms and are found incidentally but relatively few become evident by causing symptoms. Objectives: Determine the frequency of coronary artery anomalies in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad. Period: From July to December 2017. Material & Methods: Demographic information from all the patients was recorded and all of these individuals were undergone coronary angiography. All the collected data was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.74 ± 15.35 years, male and female patients were equal in number. In this study coronary anomalies were present in 28(4.06%) patients. Conclusion: Coronary artery anomalies are found quite frequently but usually are incidental finding.

Epidemiology of coronary abnormalities of discharge and branching and their clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
E. F. Abbasov ◽  
S. S. Manafov ◽  
F. Z. Abdullayev ◽  
F. E. Abbasov ◽  
A. G. Akhundova
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Living Person

Purpose.Until the mid-20th century they could be discovered only during autopsy, it means after death. With the introduction of coronary angiography it become possible to find them in a living person. Later on, new modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhanced futher our abilities. It is very important to discover coronary anomalies in a living person, because some of them could lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). In fact, coronary artery anomalies are the second main cause of the SCD in young athletes. Another importance is driven by the fact, that some of them could lead to lifethreatening complications during cardiac surgery when unknown before the operation.Methods.We prospectively reviewed all coronary angiography films from 2011 to 2016 in our center. Coronary anomalies were reviewed and classified by two independent experienced operators. Patients with congenital heart disease and coronary fistulas were excluded.Results.Out of 5055 patients 148 (2.9%) had coronary artery anomalies of origin and distribution. Those were 120 men (81.1%) and 28 women (18.9%) with an age range between 29 to 88 years. The three most common anomalies were myocardial bridge (48.7%), separate origin of the conus branch (13.5%) and separate origin of the LAD and LCX (8.1%).Conclusion.In our study we found more or less the same types and incidence rates of coronary artery anomalies as in the world literature. We had apparently higher rates of myocardial bridges, compared to average number on angiography studies, but very close to authopsy study rates.

An overview of surgery options for congenital coronary artery anomalies

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Mavroudis ◽  
Ali Dodge-Khatami ◽  
Robert D Stewart ◽  
Marshall L Jacobs ◽  
Carl L Backer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies

Paediatric-onset coronary artery anomalies in pregnancy: a single-centre experience and systematic literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1529-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Keir ◽  
Catriona Bhagra ◽  
Debra Vatenmakher ◽  
Francisca Arancibia-Galilea ◽  
Katrijn Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Coronary Anomalies ◽  
Coronary Artery Anomalies ◽  
Major Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Coronary Aneurysms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with childhood-onset coronary artery anomalies are at increased risk of lifelong complications. Although pregnancy is thought to confer additional risk, a few data are available regarding outcomes in this group of women. We sought to define outcomes of pregnancy in this unique population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective survey of women with paediatric-onset coronary anomalies and pregnancy in our institution, combined with a systematic review of published cases. We defined paediatric-onset coronary artery anomalies as congenital coronary anomalies and inflammatory arteriopathies of childhood that cause coronary aneurysms. Major cardiovascular events were defined as pulmonary oedema, sustained arrhythmia requiring treatment, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or death.ResultsA total of 25 surveys were mailed, and 20 were returned (80% response rate). We included 46 articles from the literature, which described cardiovascular outcomes in 82 women (138 pregnancies). These data were amalgamated for a total of 102 women and 194 pregnancies; 59% of women were known to have paediatric-onset coronary artery anomalies before pregnancy. In 23%, the anomaly was unmasked during or shortly after pregnancy. The remainder, 18%, was diagnosed later in life. Major cardiovascular events occurred in 14 women (14%) and included heart failure (n=5, 5%), myocardial infarction (n=7, 7%), maternal death (n=2, 2%), cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular fibrillation (n=1, 1%), and stroke (n=1, 1%). The majority of maternal events (13/14, 93%) occurred in women with no previous diagnosis of coronary disease.ConclusionsWomen with paediatric-onset coronary artery anomalies have a 14% risk of adverse cardiovascular events in pregnancy, indicating the need for careful assessment and close follow-up. Prospective, multicentre studies are required to better define risk and predictors of complications during pregnancy.

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