Combined Effect of Blood Pressure and Total Cholesterol Levels on Long-Term Risks of Subtypes of Cardiovascular Death

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Norwegian health department Background The evidence of the long-term effects of multiple lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk is uncertain. We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods Eligible trials investigated the impact of lifestyle intervention versus usual care with minimum 24 months follow-up, reporting more than one major cardiovascular risk factor. A literature search updated April 15, 2020 identified 12 eligible studies. The results from individual trials were combined using fixed and random effect models, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) to estimate effect sizes. Small-study effect was evaluated, and heterogeneity between studies examined by subgroup and meta-regression analyses considering patient- and study-level variables. Results Small-study effect was not identified. Lifestyle intervention reduced systolic blood pressure modestly with an estimated SMD of -0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.21 to -0.04, with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 59%), corresponding to a mean difference of approximately 2 mmHg (MD = -1.86, 95% CI: -3.14 to -0.57, p = 0.0046). This effect disappeared in the subgroup of trials judged at low risk of bias (SMD = 0.02, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.11). For the outcome total cholesterol SMD was -0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.00, with no heterogeneity (I² = 0%), indicating no effect of the intervention. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention resulted in only a modest effect on systolic blood pressure and no effect on total cholesterol after 24 months. Further lifestyle trials should consider the challenge of maintaining larger long-term benefits to ensure impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

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THE STATE OF CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN HYPERTENSION IN SADANANYA HEALTH CENTER

JURNAL MUTIARA NERS ◽

10.51544/jmn.v4i2.1543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Irpan Ali Rahman ◽

Endrian Mulyadi Justitia Waluyo ◽

Shafira Aisyah Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Health Center ◽

Cholesterol Level ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

High Total Cholesterol ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. The number of hypertension sufferers has increased each year, in 2015 it reached 19,552, in 2016 it reached 24,750 and in 2017 it reached 38,057. In 2017 there were 115 hypertensive patients recorded in the report book that checked their health at the Sadananya Health Center. One of the causes of the high incidence of hypertension is cholesterol caused by the consumption of inappropriate food. One of the laboratory examinations to support hypertension diagnosis is blood cholesterol examination which can show excess cholesterol which makes hypertension difficult to control. To know the description of total cholesterol levels in hypertensive patients at the Sadananya Health Center. Quantitative descriptive, the population in this study were people with hypertension at the Sadananya Health Center. Sampling with accidental sampling, as many as 30 respondents. The cholesterol examination method used is CHOD-PAP. The results showed that blood pressure in respondents all had high blood pressure, namely >140/90 mmHg (100%), a high cholesterol level of 24 respondents (80%), blood pressure 140-150 who had high cholesterol as many 13 respondents, blood pressure 160-170 who had high cholesterol as much 6 respondents, blood pressure >180 who had high cholesterol as much 5 respondents. This study concludes that hypertensive clients have more high total cholesterol levels, which is as much as 80% and normal 20%. More hypertensive patients have high total cholesterol levels, which are 80% and 20% normal.

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Long-term Monitoring of Changes in Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose, and Total Cholesterol Levels among Frail Older Individuals Receiving Home Health Care Nursing in South Korea

Journal of Community Health Nursing ◽

10.1080/07370016.2021.1869424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

Young-Ran Chin ◽

Hyo Young Lee

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Health Care ◽

Home Health Care ◽

Home Health ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Long Term Monitoring ◽

Term Monitoring ◽

Care Nursing

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Effects of a social support family caregiver training program on changing blood pressure and lipid levels among elderly at risk of hypertension in a northern Thai community

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259697

Author(s):

Sorawit Boonyathee ◽

Katekaew Seangpraw ◽

Parichat Ong-Artborirak ◽

Nisarat Auttama ◽

Prakasit Tonchoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Elderly People ◽

Family Caregiver ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

The Elderly ◽

Caregiver Training ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Support Family

Hypertension is becoming increasingly prevalent among the elderly. Family caregivers play an important role in caring for elderly people and empowering them to care for themselves. This study’s goal was to see how social support training for family caregivers affected changes in hypertension, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and how such support led to the prevention of hypertension behaviors among the elderly in rural areas. This was a quasi-experimental study with 268 elderly people at risk of hypertension and their caregivers. Sixty seven pairs of elderly people and their caregivers were assigned to the intervention and control groups. Baseline data were collected in November 2020. The intervention group received the Social Support Family Caregiver Training Program (SSFCTP), while the control group received a regular program from the local health authority. The activity lasted 12 weeks, with home visits and telephone check-ups along the way, and data collection took place after the program ended. The final data were collected three months after the end of the intervention. An analysis of repeated measures ANOVA showed the overall effect of the SSFCTP on knowledge, self-efficacy, health care behaviors, and blood pressure among elderly people during three different time periods (p<0.05). Furthermore, the intervention program had a time-dependent effect on knowledge, blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels (p<0.05). In terms of caregiver outcomes, there was an overall difference among the degrees of knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors toward health care displayed by elderly hypertensive patients during the three different time periods (p<0.05). The average knowledge and self-efficacy of the participants improved after the intervention. As a result, better self-care behaviors and lower blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were observed among the elderly participants after the intervention. The programs emphasized the importance of caregivers’ roles in providing social support, boosting confidence, and encouraging participation in caring, monitoring, and assisting the elderly in controlling blood pressure and other health issues.

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Nocturnal non-dipping on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in children and adolescents with obesity is associated with higher total cholesterol levels

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension ◽

10.1080/10641963.2021.1984502 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Małgorzata Wójcik ◽

Adam Stępień ◽

Marta Bociąga ◽

Katarzyna Ciuk ◽

Dominika Januś ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Pressure Monitoring ◽

Cholesterol Levels

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Human G-protein 3 subunit variant is associated with serum potassium and total cholesterol levels but not with blood pressure

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00118-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 140-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

K. Ishikawa ◽

Y. Imai ◽

T. Katsuya ◽

T. Ohkubo ◽

I. Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

G Protein ◽

Serum Potassium ◽

Cholesterol Levels

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Effect of a Long-Term Fat-Modified Diet on Serum Lipoprotein Levels of Cholesterol and Triglyceride in Patients on Home Haemodialysis

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0600081 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V. J. Wass ◽

R. J. Jarrett ◽

V. Meilton ◽

M. K. Start ◽

M. Mattock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Cholesterol ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Home Haemodialysis ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Modified Diet

1. Changes in serum total and lipoprotein fraction triglyceride and cholesterol levels were studied in 24 adults on home haemodialysis. Half the patients were randomly allocated to a low cholesterol (mean 200 mg/day), fat-modified diet (mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 1.0 with a mean of 43% of the total energy content derived from fat). 2. Before dietary manipulation, triglyceride levels in all lipoprotein fractions were significantly higher (P < 0.02) than in a control group of age and sex matched normal subjects. Total cholesterol, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were also significantly raised (P < 0.02), but high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was normal. In the patients on a fat-modified diet triglyceride levels did not alter in any of the lipoprotein fractions. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels fell significantly into the normal range (P < 0.002 and < 0.001 respectively) but VLDL and HDL cholesterol levels did not change. 3. Hypertriglyceridaemia is the most common lipid abnormality in patients with renal failure and a long-term fat-modified diet is, therefore, of limited therapeutic importance in these patients unless there is a low HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio.

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