scholarly journals Association of Autoimmune Vasculitis and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Population‐Based Case‐Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowlens M. Melduni ◽  
Leslie T. Cooper ◽  
Bernard J. Gersh ◽  
Kenneth J. Warrington ◽  
Kent R. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Control Study

Background Recent investigations suggest that inflammation and autoimmunity might have a role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Given that abnormal ventriculovascular coupling often coexists with AF, we hypothesize that autoimmune vasculitis plays a significant role in the pathogenetic mechanism of AF. Methods and Results A standardized retrospective population‐based case–control study was conducted to evaluate the association between autoimmune vasculitis and AF, and all‐cause mortality. The study included 8459 patients with a new diagnosis of AF and 8459 age‐, sex‐, and registration calendar year–matched controls in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2010. The association of each clinical characteristic, diagnosis, and treatment was assessed using conditional logistic regression to account for the matched case–control study design. Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to detect independent predictors of mortality and examine cumulative survival. Of a total of 16 918 patients (mean age 72.3+14.4 years; 48.7% women), 320 (1.9%) were diagnosed with autoimmune vasculitis before the index date during the 30‐year period. Among the cases, the prevalence of any autoimmune vasculitis was 2.3%, whereas the frequency of autoimmune vasculitis in controls was 1.5% ( P <0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of autoimmune vasculitis in AF cases was 1.5 times higher than in controls (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04–2.01; P =0.03). Patients with AF and autoimmune vasculitis had worse 5‐year survival than those without autoimmune vasculitis or AF (44.7% versus 77.2%; log‐rank P <0.001). Conclusions Autoimmune vasculitis is significantly associated with AF and independently confers worse survival. These observations may represent one mechanism linking autoimmunity and inflammation to the pathogenesis and prognosis of AF.

scholarly journals 717. Antibiotic treatment of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli related gastroenteritis and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome: a population based matched case-control study in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S409-S410
Author(s):  
Shota Myojin ◽  
Kyongsun Pak ◽  
Mayumi Sako ◽  
Tohru Kobayashi ◽  
Takuri Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The role of therapeutic intervention, particularly antibiotics, for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) related infection is controversial. Methods We performed a population based matched case-control study to assess the association between treatment (antibiotics, antidiarrheal agents and probiotics) for STEC related infections and HUS development. We identified all STEC HUS patients as cases and matched five non-HUS patients as controls using the data from the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID) between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018. Further medical information was obtained by standardized questionnaires answered by physicians who registered each patient. We used multivariate conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the association between exposures (use of antibiotics, use of antidiarrheal agents, days between disease onset and fosfomycin administration [within two or three days]) and the development of HUS, by matched odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Covariates we used were sex, age group, area code, presence of diarrhea and other factors. We also performed subgroup analyses using age (adults and children) as a stratification factor. Results 7,760 STEC related patients were registered in the NESID. We selected patients who had a record of HUS diagnosis (n=182) and matched controls without HUS (n=910). After collecting standardized paper-based questionnaires, we enrolled 90 HUS patients and 371 non-HUS patients for analysis. In the main analysis, matched OR of fosfomycin was 0.75(0.47-1.20) in all ages, 1.41(0.51-3.88) in adults and 0.58(0.34-1.01) in children. Matched OR of antidiarrheal agents was 2.07(1.07-4.03) in all ages, 1.84(0.32-10.53) in adults, 2.65(1.21-5.82) in children. Matched OR of probiotics was 0.86(0.46-1.61) in all ages, 0.76(0.21-2.71) in adults, 1.00(0.48-2.09) in children. There was no significant association between the timing of fosfomycin use in the first two or five days of illness and HUS development in any age group. Conclusion Our results suggest that fosfomycin might decrease the risk of HUS in children younger than 15 years of age with STEC confirmed bacterial gastroenteritis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Statin Use Is Associated with Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Huang ◽  
S.D. Chung ◽  
L.T. Kao ◽  
H.C. Lin ◽  
L.H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bladder Pain Syndrome ◽  
Bladder Pain ◽  
Epithelial Dysfunction ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Statin Use

Introduction: Statin may induce epithelial dysfunction of the bladder urothelium. Epithelial dysfunction was proposed as one of the major potential etiologies for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). In this study, we examined the association between statin use and BPS/IC using a population-based study. Subjects and Methods: This case-control study used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. In total, 815 female subjects with BPS/IC and 4075 randomly selected female controls were included. We used a conditional logistic regression to compute the odds ratio (OR) for having previously used statins between cases and controls. Results: A conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the OR of prior statin users for cases was 1.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-1.94) compared to controls after adjusting for diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, panic disorder, migraines, sicca syndrome, allergies, endometriosis, and asthma. Furthermore, adjusted ORs of regular and irregular statin use for cases were 1.58 (95% CI: 1.20-2.08) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.02-2.31), respectively, compared to controls. Conclusion: We concluded that there was an association between statin use and BPS/IC.

scholarly journals Association of Consecutive Influenza Vaccinations and Pneumonia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Liang-Tsai Yeh ◽  
Chi-Ho Chan ◽  
Shun-Fa Yang ◽  
Han-Wei Yeh ◽  
Ying-Tung Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Influenza Vaccinations ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individuals receiving influenza vaccines have a lower risk of pneumonia. A nationwide population-based case-control study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We enrolled 7565 patients each in pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups after diagnosis of patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and these patients were individually age and sex matched in a 1:1 ratio. Using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated in patients who received influenza vaccination and those who had not previously had pneumonia. Moreover, we also analyzed the interval between vaccination and the onset of pneumonia and the number of vaccinations received by patients. This was compared with patients who never received influenza vaccination. Patients who had received influenza vaccination and had been vaccinated for two consecutive years (aOR = 0.85, confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–0.93 and aOR = 0.75, CI = 0.67–0.85, respectively) showed lower rates of pneumonia occurrence by 15–25%. In conclusion, influenza vaccination significantly reduces the occurrence of pneumonia, especially in individuals who receive vaccination in consecutive years.

Association Between Drug Exposure and Occurrence of Parkinsonism in Korea: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siin Kim ◽  
Sang-Myung Cheon ◽  
Hae Sun Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Background: Although drug-induced parkinsonism is reversible in most cases, some patients can suffer from persistent/recurrent symptoms. Therefore, prevention is the most efficient way to manage drug-induced parkinsonism. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring the relationship between parkinsonism and drug exposure. Objective: To examine the association between drug exposure and the risk of parkinsonism using Korean population-based data. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study using the National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort database. Cases and controls were defined as individuals with and without parkinsonism, respectively, between 2007 and 2013. Cases and controls were matched for sex, age group, income, type of insurance, and Charlson comorbidity index. Drug exposures, including propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine, were identified at 1 year before the first date of parkinsonism and stratified by recency and cumulative dose. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results: We identified 5496 cases and 5496 controls. ORs for current use group of propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine compared with those of the never use group were 2.812 (95% CI = 2.466-3.206), 3.009 (95% CI = 1.667-5.431), and 4.950 (95% CI = 2.711-9.037), respectively. ORs were greater in those more recently exposed and those exposed to higher cumulative doses. Conclusion and Relevance: At the population level, use of propulsives, antipsychotics, and flunarizine had a significant association with the increased risk of parkinsonism, depending on recency and cumulative dose. Drugs associated with parkinsonism should be used with careful monitoring to prevent drug-induced parkinsonism.

Colorectal cancer and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter: a population-based case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Erichsen ◽  
Christian Fynbo Christiansen ◽  
Frank Mehnert ◽  
Noel Scott Weiss ◽  
John Anthony Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation And Flutter ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Impact of opportunistic screening on squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix in Germany: A population-based case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253801
Author(s):  
Luana F. Tanaka ◽  
Dirk Schriefer ◽  
Kathrin Radde ◽  
Gunther Schauberger ◽  
Stefanie J. Klug
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

Background We investigated the uptake of opportunistic cervical cancer screening (CCS) and other risk factors and their association with cervical cancer in Germany in a case-control study. Methods and findings We recruited incident cases of cervical cancer (ICD-10 C53) diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 and matched with three population-based controls, based on age and region of residence. Cases and controls reported their CCS participation during the past ten years (frequent: every three years; no or infrequent: less than every three years) and other relevant variables. We fitted conditional logistic regression models, reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We report overall and stratified analyses by histologic group (squamous cell–SCC, and adenocarcinoma–AC), T category (T1 and T2+), and age (<50 and ≥50 years). We analysed 217 cases and 652 matched controls. 53.0% of cases and 85.7% of controls attended CCS frequently. In the overall adjusted model, no or infrequent participation in CCS (OR 5.63; 95% CI 3.51 to 9.04), having had more than one sexual partner (OR 2.86; 95%CI 1.50 to 5.45) and obesity (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.83) were associated with cervical cancer. Twelve years of schooling (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.60) and a net monthly income of €3000 or more (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.82) were protective factors. In the stratified analyses, no or infrequent participation was associated with T1 (OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.48 to 7.71), T2+ (OR 10.67; 95% CI 3.83 to 29.74), SCC (OR 6.88; 95% CI 4.08 to 11.59) and AC (OR 3.95; 95% CI 1.47 to 10.63). Conclusion Although women who frequently attended CCS were less likely to develop cervical cancer, especially larger tumours, the high proportion of cases who had been frequently screened prior to diagnosis underscores the need to investigate the quality of cytology and treatment of precancerous lesions in Germany.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use in children and youths with asthma: a population-based case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 00944-2020
Author(s):  
Ivy Fong ◽  
Jingqin Zhu ◽  
Yaron Finkelstein ◽  
Teresa To
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Stratified Analysis ◽  
Control Study

RationaleAntibiotics are among the most common medications dispensed to children and youths. The objective of this study was to characterise and compare antibiotic use patterns between children and youths with and without asthma.MethodsWe conducted a population-based nested case–control study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, in 2018. All Ontario residents aged 5–24 years with asthma were included as cases. Cases were matched to controls with a 1:1 ratio based on age (within 0.5 year), sex and location of residence. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to obtain an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for having filled at least one antibiotic prescription, adjusted for socioeconomic status, rurality, and presence of common infections, allergic conditions and complex chronic conditions.ResultsThe study population included 1 174 424 Ontario children and youths aged 5–24 years. 31% of individuals with asthma and 23% of individuals without asthma filled at least one antibiotic prescription. The odds of having filled at least one antibiotic prescription were 34% higher among individuals with asthma compared to those without asthma (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.32–1.35). In the stratified analysis, the odds ratios were highest in the youngest group of children studied, aged 5–9 years (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.41–1.48), and in females (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.34–1.38).ConclusionAsthma is significantly associated with increased antibiotic use in children and youths. This association is the strongest in younger children and in females.

scholarly journals 107Antecedent cardiovascular disease, medication use, and risk of developing ALS: a population-based nested case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Abdel Magid ◽  
Barbara Topal ◽  
Valerie McGuire ◽  
Jessica Hinman ◽  
Edward Karasakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background We investigated the association between hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study also examined associations with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and antiarrhythmics Methods We conducted a population-based nested case-control study in the Medicare fee for service population, including 3,714 enrollees ages 65 and above with newly diagnosed ALS between 2006-2014. Cases were compared with 18,750 sex-, age, county, and enrollment-matched controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusting for diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, socioeconomic status, and controlling for confounding by indication. Medication use was identified through claims pharmacy data and similarly analyzed using a dose response approach. Results The fully adjusted OR for any CVD diagnosis was 0.93 (95% CI 0.86–1.02). Our results varied across cause-specific CVD diagnoses. We observed inverse associations for heart failure (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70–0.89) and atrial fibrillation (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.76–0.92). ALS risk was reduced with use of ACEIs (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.77–0.91), calcium channel blockers (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.59–0.70), and beta blockers (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.71–0.83). Conclusions In this large population-based Medicare study, the risk of ALS was 7% lower among individuals with any CVD diagnosis. Key messages Our findings suggest having a cardiovascular condition or use of a CVD medication may be protective for ALS.

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