scholarly journals Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 321-321
Author(s):  
Daniel Woo ◽  
Laura Sauerbeck ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
Jane C Khoury ◽  
Rakesh Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Apo E Genotype

27 Introduction: We report a planned midpoint analysis of a prospective, population-based, case-control study of the genetic and environmental risk factors of spontaneous, non-traumatic, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Cases were matched to two controls by age, race and gender. Data was obtained by direct interview and review of all available medical and neuroimaging data. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression modeling. Results: Between 6/97 and 2/00, 189 cases of ICH (150 white/39 black; 68 lobar/121 non-lobar) and 368 controls were enrolled into the study. Independent risk factors for multivariable analysis are listed in the table. Only prior stroke was an independent risk factor for both lobar and non-lobar ICH. Conclusions: The importance of individual genetic and environmental risk factors for ICH vary substantially by location of ICH. A history of a first-degree relative with ICH was associated with an increased risk of lobar ICH, independent of Apo E genotype. This finding indicates that other genetic risk factors may be important in the development of ICH.

Major depression and phobias: the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Animal Phobias ◽  
Shared Genetic

SynopsisIn a population based sample of 2163 personally interviewed female twins, substantial comorbidity was observed between DSM-III-R defined major depression (MD) and 4 subtypes of phobia: agoraphobia, social phobia, animal phobia and situational phobia. However, the level of comorbidity of MD with agoraphobia was much greater than that found with the other phobic subtypes. We conducted bivariate twin analyses to decompose the genetic and environmental sources of comorbidity between MD and the phobias. Our results suggest that a modest proportion of the genetic vulnerability to MD also influences the risk for all phobic subtypes, with the possible exception of situational phobias. Furthermore, the magnitude of comorbidity resulting from this shared genetic vulnerability is similar across the phobic subtypes. By contrast, the non-familial environmental experiences which predispose to depression substantially increase the vulnerability to agoraphobia, have a modest impact on the risk for social and situational phobias and no effect on the risk for animal phobias. The increased comorbidity between MD and agoraphobia results, nearly entirely, from individual-specific environmental risk factors for MD which also increase the risk for agoraphobia but not for other phobias.

The Chinese National Twin Registry: An Update

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Li ◽  
Wenjing Gao ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Jun Lv ◽  
Weihua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discordant Twin

The Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), established in 2001, is the first and largest population-based twin registry in China. Based on the CNTR, a new twin cohort was recruited from 2011 to study the relationship between environmental risk factors and chronic diseases. So far, 33,874 twin pairs from nine provinces have been recruited, in which hundreds of disease-discordant twin pairs and even thousands of exposure-discordant twin pairs were found in this cohort. The updates of the CNTR will be introduced in detail in this article.

Bulimia nervosa and major depression: a study of common genetic and environmental factors

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Walters ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

SynopsisA genetic analysis of the co-occurrence of bulimia and major depression (MD) was performed on 1033 female twin pairs obtained from a population based register. Personal interviews were conducted and clinical diagnoses made according to DSM-III-R criteria.Additive genes, but not family environment, are found to play an important aetiological role in both bulimia and MD. The genetic liabilities of the two disorders are correlated 0·456. While unique environmental factors account for around half of the variation in liability to both bulimia and MD, these risk factors appear to be unrelated, i.e., each disorder has its own set of unique environmental risk factors. Thus, the genetic liability of bulimia and MD is neither highly specific nor entirely nonspecific. There is some genetic correlation between the two disorders as well as some genetic and environmental risk factors unique to each disorder. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

Dimensional representations of DSM-IV Cluster A personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: a multivariate study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1583-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH S. KENDLER ◽  
NIKOLAI CZAJKOWSKI ◽  
KRISTIAN TAMBS ◽  
SVENN TORGERSEN ◽  
STEVEN H. AGGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Cluster A

Background. The ‘odd’ or ‘Cluster A’ personality disorders (PDs) – paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal PDs – were created in DSM-III with little empirical foundation. We have examined the relationship between the genetic and environmental risk factors for dimensional representations of these three personality disorders.Method. These personality disorders were assessed using the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV) in 1386 young adult twin pairs from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel. Using Mx, a single-factor independent pathway twin model was fitted to the number of endorsed criteria for the three disorders.Results. The best-fit model included genetic and unique environmental common factors and genetic and unique environmental effects specific to each personality disorder. Total heritability was modest for these personality disorders and ranged from 21% to 28%. Loadings on the common genetic and unique environmental factors were substantially higher for schizotypal than for paranoid or schizoid PD. The proportion of genetic liability shared with all Cluster A disorders was estimated at 100, 43 and 26% respectively for schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid PDs.Conclusion. In support of the validity of the Cluster A construct, dimensional representations of schizotypal, paranoid and schizoid PD are all modestly heritable and share a portion of their genetic and environmental risk factors. No evidence was found for shared environmental or sex effects for these PDs. Schizotypal PD most closely reflects the genetic and environmental liability common to all three Cluster A disorders. These results should be interpreted in the context of the limited power of this sample.

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Keratoconus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sionne E.M. Lucas ◽  
Kathryn P. Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exact Etiology

Keratoconus, a progressive corneal ectasia, is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. The exact etiology is not known and is likely variable between individuals. Conditions such as hay fever and allergy are associated with increased risk, while diabetes may be protective. Behaviors such as eye rubbing are also implicated, but direct causality has not been proven. Genetics plays a major role in risk for some individuals, with many large pedigrees showing autosomal inheritance patterns. Several genes have been implicated using linkage and follow-up sequencing in these families. Genome-wide association studies for keratoconus and for quantitative traits such as central corneal thickness have identified several genetic loci that contribute to a cumulative risk for keratoconus, even in people without a family history of the disease. Identification of risk genes for keratoconus is improving our understanding of the biology of this complex disease.

scholarly journals The EnvIMS Study: Design and Methodology of an International Case-Control Study of Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Magalhaes ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
Ilaria Casetta ◽  
Jelena Drulovic ◽  
Enrico Granieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Study

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, often resulting in significant neurological disability. The causes of MS are not known; however, the incidence of MS is increasing, thereby suggesting that changes in lifestyle and/or environmental factors may be responsible. On this background, the Environmental Risk Factors in MS Study or EnvIMS study was designed to further explore the etiology of MS. The design and methodology are described, providing details to enable investigators to (i) use our experiences to design their own studies; (ii) take advantage of, and build on the methodological work completed for, the EnvIMS study; (iii) become aware of this data source that is available for use by the research community. Methods: EnvIMS is a multinational case-control study, enrolling 2,800 cases with MS and 5,012 population-based controls in Canada, Italy, Norway, Serbia and Sweden. The study was designed to investigate the most commonly implicated risk factors for MS etiology using a self-report questionnaire. Results/Conclusions: The use of a common methodology to study MS etiology across several countries enhances the comparability of results in different geographic regions and research settings, reduces the resources required for study design and enhances the opportunity for data harmonization.

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