scholarly journals First in the Class? Age and the Education Production Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth U. Cascio ◽  
Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach
Keyword(s):  
Education Production Function ◽  
Education Production ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Academic Redshirting ◽  
College Entry ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Kindergarten Entry ◽  
Kindergarten Entry Age ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

We estimate the effects of relative age in kindergarten using data from an experiment where children of the same age were randomly assigned to different kindergarten classmates. We exploit the resulting experimental variation in relative age in conjunction with variation in expected kindergarten entry age based on birthdate to account for negative selection of some of the older school entrants. We find that, holding constant own age, having older classmates on average improves educational outcomes, increasing test scores up to eight years after kindergarten, and raising the probability of taking a college-entry exam. These findings suggest that delaying kindergarten entry, or so-called academic “redshirting,” does not harm other children—and may in fact benefit them—consistent with positive spillovers from higher-scoring or better-behaved peers.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR SERVICE DATA ANALYSIS BASED ON CUSTOMERS COMBINATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Zulhendra Zulhendra ◽  
Gunadi Widi Nurcahyo ◽  
Julius Santony
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Clustering Data ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Selection Of

In this study using Data Mining, namely K-Means Clustering. Data Mining can be used in searching for a large enough data analysis that aims to enable Indocomputer to know and classify service data based on customer complaints using Weka Software. In this study using the algorithm K-Means Clustering to predict or classify complaints about hardware damage on Payakumbuh Indocomputer. And can find out the data of Laptop brands most do service on Indocomputer Payakumbuh as one of the recommendations to consumers for the selection of Laptops.

Founding Family Ownership and the Selection of Industry Specialist Auditors

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Kang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Founding Family ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dual Class Shares ◽  
Dual Class ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Industry Specialist

SYNOPSIS This study examines how family firms' unique ownership structure and agency problems affect their selection of industry-specialist auditors. Using data from Standard & Poor's (S&P) 1500 firms, the results show that family firms are more likely to appoint industry-specialist auditors than non-family firms, which suggests that family firms have strong incentives to signal the quality of financial reporting. Additional analysis indicates that due to the potential entrenchment problems, family firms with family member CEOs or with dual-class shares have even a higher tendency to hire industry-specialist auditors to signal their disclosure quality.

scholarly journals Derivation and Performance of Standardized Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test Thresholds for the Detection and Prognosis of Liver Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Day ◽  
Preya Patel ◽  
Julie Parkes ◽  
William Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Test Thresholds ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Introduction Noninvasive tests are increasingly used to assess liver fibrosis and determine prognosis but suggested test thresholds vary. We describe the selection of standardized thresholds for the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test for the detection of liver fibrosis and for prognostication in chronic liver disease. Methods A Delphi method was used to identify thresholds for the ELF test to predict histological liver fibrosis stages, including cirrhosis, using data derived from 921 patients in the EUROGOLF cohort. These thresholds were then used to determine the prognostic performance of ELF in a subset of 457 patients followed for a mean of 5 years. Results The Delphi panel selected sensitivity of 85% for the detection of fibrosis and >95% specificity for cirrhosis. The corresponding thresholds were 7.7, 9.8, and 11.3. Eighty-five percent of patients with mild or worse fibrosis had an ELF score ≥7.7. The sensitivity for cirrhosis of ELF ≥9.8 was 76%. ELF ≥11.3 was 97% specific for cirrhosis. ELF scores show a near-linear relationship with Ishak fibrosis stages. Relative to the <7.7 group, the hazard ratios for a liver-related outcome at 5 years were 21.00 (95% CI, 2.68–164.65) and 71.04 (95% CI, 9.4–536.7) in the 9.8 to <11.3 and ≥11.3 subgroups, respectively. Conclusion The selection of standard thresholds for detection and prognosis of liver fibrosis is described and their performance reported. These thresholds should prove useful in both interpreting and explaining test results and when considering the relationship of ELF score to Ishak stage in the context of monitoring.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and estimated genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Khusala Verardi ◽  
Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior ◽  
Guilherme Augusto Peres Silva ◽  
Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽  
Paulo de Souza Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this work was to assess the genetic parameters and to estimate genetic gains in young rubber tree progenies. The experiments were carried out during three years, in a randomized block design, with six replicates and ten plants per plot, in three representative Hevea crop regions of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty-two progenies were evaluated, from three to five years old, for rubber yield and annual girth growth. Genetic gain was estimated with the multi-effect index (MEI). Selection by progenies means provided greater estimated genetic gain than selection based on individuals, since heritability values of progeny means were greater than the ones of individual heritability, for both evaluated variables, in all the assessment years. The selection of the three best progenies for rubber yield provided a selection gain of 1.28 g per plant. The genetic gains estimated with MEI using data from early assessments (from 3 to 5-year-old) were generally high for annual girth growth and rubber yield. The high genetic gains for annual girth growth in the first year of assessment indicate that progenies can be selected at the beginning of the breeding program. Population effective size was consistent with the three progenies selected, showing that they were not related and that the population genetic variability is ensured. Early selection with the genetic gains estimated by MEI can be made on rubber tree progenies.

scholarly journals Management of an Industry Standard Class in Vocational High Schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Suroto Suroto ◽  
Nguyen Tien Hung
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industry Partner ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
Vocational High Schools ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

To remove a growing gap between students’ skills received in vocational high schools and real demands in the workforce, industries should be actively involved not only as external users but to work in curriculum development and learning evaluation. This study describes the process of planning, implementation, and supervision of an industry standard class resulted from collaboration between the school and the industry. This study was a qualitative study using data collection techniques of interviews, observation and documentation. The results revealed (1) the industry and the school were partners in planning the industry standard class including development of curriculum, facilities, infrastructure, teachers, and materials, (2) implementation of the class included theoritical and practical learning, and industry practices, (3) supervision was performed by the industry partner administrating industry standard competency tests, and (4) management of the class consisted of three sequenced stages namely selection of students in the third semester, implementation of industry standardized teaching and learning process from the third semester to the sixth semester, and a competency test in the sixth semester.

scholarly journals Influence of Instructional Resources Provision and Performance in Mathematics Subject in Public Girls Secondary Schools Baringo Central Sub-County

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Rose J Changwony ◽  
Pamela Ochieng ◽  
Bernard Chemwei
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Education Production Function ◽  
Education Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
And Performance

This paper looks at the contribution of instructional resources towards the performance of girls in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examination mathematics in girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central. Based on Hanushek, education production function theory, the instructional resources were considered critical inputs for ensuring the output (examinations performance in mathematics by girls’ students) is attained. The study targeted mathematics Heads of Department, mathematics teachers and girls enrolled in 6 girls’ secondary schools in Baringo Central Sub County, Kenya. A sample of 6 HODs, 18 mathematics teachers and 166 girls were selected to participate in the study. The research found out that all respondents said that adequate provision of infrastructural and educational resources did have a significant effect (p<0.05) on girls’ performance in mathematics in the six public secondary schools. Schools that had inadequate learning resources performed poorly compared to those that had adequate instructional materials. The paper recommends that there is a need for the government of Kenya to equip all schools with necessary supportive infrastructure (electricity, internet and computers) to facilitate instruction in the current digital age. In addition, teachers need to improve their knowledge and skills in using information technological resources.

High-yielding seeds in unyielding environments: Examining the learning process of maize and bean producers in eastern and midwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claris Riungu ◽  
Harro Maat ◽  
Marrit Van Den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Environmental Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

This paper examines the learning process by which farmers come to a decision to use newly introduced seeds which were promoted through demonstration plots in midwestern and eastern regions of Uganda. Framed as social and material interactions, we investigated the learning process of the demonstration plots using data from focus group discussions, interviews and a survey amongst 983 individuals. The results reveal several constraints that impede learning, resulting in an overall low awareness and adoption of the introduced seeds. Some of the most prominent constraints resulted from the selection of location and demonstration plot host, the distance of agro-dealers, at district headquarters, limited interactions amongst farmers and irregular involvement of farmers in the demonstrations. Moreover, the prominent role of agro-dealers at field days suggests that informing farmers about where to buy seeds was considered more important than explaining farmers how to grow these seeds profitably. This commercial focus of field days and demonstrations plots had negative consequences for the social learning. This paper contributes to the learning and adoption literature by showing that interactions amongst actors can improve or reduce the balance between didactic, social and environmental learning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document