scholarly journals Derivation and Performance of Standardized Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test Thresholds for the Detection and Prognosis of Liver Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Day ◽  
Preya Patel ◽  
Julie Parkes ◽  
William Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Test Thresholds ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Introduction Noninvasive tests are increasingly used to assess liver fibrosis and determine prognosis but suggested test thresholds vary. We describe the selection of standardized thresholds for the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test for the detection of liver fibrosis and for prognostication in chronic liver disease. Methods A Delphi method was used to identify thresholds for the ELF test to predict histological liver fibrosis stages, including cirrhosis, using data derived from 921 patients in the EUROGOLF cohort. These thresholds were then used to determine the prognostic performance of ELF in a subset of 457 patients followed for a mean of 5 years. Results The Delphi panel selected sensitivity of 85% for the detection of fibrosis and >95% specificity for cirrhosis. The corresponding thresholds were 7.7, 9.8, and 11.3. Eighty-five percent of patients with mild or worse fibrosis had an ELF score ≥7.7. The sensitivity for cirrhosis of ELF ≥9.8 was 76%. ELF ≥11.3 was 97% specific for cirrhosis. ELF scores show a near-linear relationship with Ishak fibrosis stages. Relative to the <7.7 group, the hazard ratios for a liver-related outcome at 5 years were 21.00 (95% CI, 2.68–164.65) and 71.04 (95% CI, 9.4–536.7) in the 9.8 to <11.3 and ≥11.3 subgroups, respectively. Conclusion The selection of standard thresholds for detection and prognosis of liver fibrosis is described and their performance reported. These thresholds should prove useful in both interpreting and explaining test results and when considering the relationship of ELF score to Ishak stage in the context of monitoring.

Cognitive Factors Mediate the Relation Between Age and Flight Path Maintenance in General Aviation

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Van Benthem ◽  
Chris M. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Flight Path ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Pilot Error ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying pilot attributes associated with risk is important, especially in general aviation where pilot error is implicated in most accidents. This research examined the relationship of pilot age, expertise, and cognitive functioning to deviations from an ideal circuit trajectory. In all, 54 pilots, of varying age, flew a Cessna 172 simulator. Cognitive measures were obtained using the CogScreen-AE ( Kay, 1995 ). Older age and lower levels of expertise and cognitive functioning were associated with significantly greater flight path deviations. The relationship between age and performance was fully mediated by a cluster of cognitive factors: speed and working memory, visual attention, and cognitive flexibility. These findings add to the literature showing that age-related changes in cognition may impact pilot performance.

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

SET UP FOR GROWTH? — AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF GROWTH INTENTION AND BUSINESS MODELS

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1540009 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH MAHDJOUR
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Consulting Services ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

What do growth-oriented business models look like? While several economic theories, such as the theory of the firm, are based on the assumption that firms aim to maximise their profits, past research has shown that growth intention is heterogeneous among firms and that many business owners prefer to keep their firm at a size that they can manage with few resources. This paper explores the relationship of growth intention and business models, based on a sample of 135 German ICT businesses. Following an exploratory approach, Mann–Whitney U tests are applied to analyse how different business model designs correspond with different levels of growth intention. The results indicate that growth intention relates to business owners’ decisions regarding the provision of consulting services, the level of standardisation in offered products and services, the choice of addressed markets, the implementation of competitive strategies based on cost efficiency and of revenue streams based on one-time- and performance-based payments. Furthermore, the results show that growth oriented firms are no more likely than non-growth oriented firms to adapt their business models dynamically to changed internal or external conditions.

Sequential monitoring of PD-L1 on circulating stromal cells in blood predicts PFS in NSCLC patients undergoing immunotherapy after definitive chemoradiation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8534-8534
Author(s):  
Daniel L Adams ◽  
Alexander Augustyn ◽  
Jianzhong He ◽  
Yawei Qiao ◽  
Ting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
Tumor Biopsies ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

8534 Background: Cancer Associated Macrophage-Like cells (CAMLs) are circulating stromal cells in the blood of patients (pts) with solid tumors that are phagocytic macrophages that may represent the inflammatory state of the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we demonstrated CAMLs ≥50µm after chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) in NSCLC is associated with worse progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also showed that PDL1 expression in CAMLs is dynamic & can change with CRT, difficult to assess with repeat biopsies, but possible with liquid biopsy. For this study we evaluated whether CAML properties can predict response to CRT with/without immunotherapy (IMT) agents in unresectable NSCLC. Methods: A single blind multi-year prospective study was undertaken to test the relationship of PDL1 expression and ≥50µm CAML size to PFS/OS in NSCLC, pre and post CRT with (n = 96) and without (n = 72) anti-PDL1/PD1 IMT. This included atezolizumab (prospective single arm NCT02525757) n = 39, durvalumab n = 52 or pembrolizumab n = 5 both after 2018 FDA approval. We recruited 168 pts with pathologically confirmed unresectable NSCLC prior to CRT. Blood samples 15 mL were taken at baseline (BL), CRT completion (T1), and ̃1 month after CRT (T2) (with n = 96 or without n = 72 IMT). Blood was filtered by CellSieve filtration and CAMLs quantified for size ( < 49 µm or ≥50 µm) and PDL1 expression to evaluate PFS and OS hazard ratios (HRs) by censored univariate and multivariate analysis at 24 months. Results: CAMLs were found in 90% of all samples, average 5.8 CAMLs/15mL. At BL, ≥50µm CAMLs did not predict PFS in CRT/IMT pts (HR 1.6, p = 0.220) nor CRT alone (HR 1.3, p = 0.593). However, after completion of CRT (T1) ≥50µm CAMLs predicted PFS in CRT/IMT pts (HR 2.7, p = 0.003) and CRT alone (HR 2.5, p = 0.015). In primary tumor biopsies, PDL1 expression > 1% did not predict CRT/IMT response (PFS HR 1.8, p = 0.262 & OS HR 2.3, p = 0.158). At BL, high CAML PDL1 did not predict PFS in CRT/IMT pts (HR 1.4, p = 0.427) nor CRT alone (HR 1.1, p = 0.982). Further, at CRT completion (T1), high CAML PDL1 only trended for better PFS in CRT/IMT pts (HR 1.7, p = 0.137), but not CRT alone (HR 1.1, p = 0.972). At T2, however, pts with continuously high CAML PDL1 had significantly better PFS with IMT (HR 3.2, p = 0.002) vs CRT alone (HR 1.4, p = 0.616). While ≥50µm CAMLs at BL did not predict 24 month progression, ≥50 µm CAMLs after CRT (with or without 1 cycle of anti-PDL1 IMT) was 84% accurate at predicting progression. Further subtyping and analysis is ongoing to evaluate OS and PDL1 in the CAML populations. Conclusions: Our data suggests that in unresectable NSCLC, ≥50 µm CAMLs after completion of CRT is prognostic regardless of IMT use. PDL1 expression in CAMLs also appears to predict for response to consolidated IMT after CRT. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.

Organizational Support for Professionalism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Noviana Norrohmat ◽  
Umar Nimran ◽  
Kusdi Raharjo ◽  
Hamidah Nayati Utami ◽  
Endang Siti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational support for professionalism that has never been done before. The research approach is to conceptualize the structure of the relationship of variables from a study. Verification research is to test the hypothesis through data collection in the field using two methods, namely descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The use of both methods aims to analyze the causality relationship between research variables in accordance with the hypothesis quantitatively. There is significant influence between the variables of organizational support to professional variables. However, different results are found on the influence of organizational support variables on OCB and performance that have no significant effect. There is also an indirect influence between organizational support variables on OCB and performance through intermediary intervening professionalism variables. The difference between this research and the previous research are the use of constructs and the measurement in the unit of analysis being used.

Including Neither-Type in the Morningness-Eveningness Dimension Decreases the Robustness of the Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Almirall
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Auditory Reaction Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduced Scale

The present paper is a study of axillary temperature and performance during the waking part of the day and the relationship of these two variables to Morningness-Eveningness preferences. A reduced scale of the Home and Östberg questionnaire was adapted and standardized for the Spanish population, and 3 groups of subjects were formed (Morning-types: 3 men, 2 women; Neither-type: 3 men, 6 women; Evening-types: 1 man, 4 women). Three different tasks were tested, auditory reaction time (to measure alertness and speed), index finger tapping (motor skill), and verbal memory (information processing). The subjects were tested hourly in 13 sessions spread out over the day. Morningness-Eveningness preference groups did not differ in temperature and performance. Neither-type subjects did not present values intermediate between those of the Morning- and Evening-types.

scholarly journals Evaluating Kupferstein’s claims of the relationship of behavioral intervention to PTSS for individuals with autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Barrett Leaf ◽  
Robert K. Ross ◽  
Joseph H. Cihon ◽  
Mary Jane Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Kupferstein (2018) surveyed 460 respondents and found that 46 percent of respondents met the diagnostic threshold for posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to applied-behavior-analysis-based intervention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation a critical analysis of Kupferstein (2018) including the experimental methods and discussion of the results. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluated the Kupferstein’s methodological rigor with respect to the use of hypothesis testing, use of indirect measures, selection of respondents, ambiguity in definitions, measurement system, and framing of the experimental question when conducting the correlational analysis in addition to Kupferstein’s analysis and discussion of the results. Findings Based upon the analysis, Kupferstein’s results should be viewed with extreme caution due to several methodological and conceptual flaws including, but not limited to, leading questions used within a non-validated survey, failure to confirm diagnosis, and incomplete description of interventions. Originality/value It is the authors’ hope that this analysis provides caregivers, clinicians, and service providers with a scientific lens which will useful in viewing the limitations and methodological flaws of Kupferstein.

scholarly journals The Decay of Disease Association with Declining Linkage Disequilibrium: A Fine Mapping Theorem

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Maadooliat ◽  
Naveen K. Bansal ◽  
Jiblal Upadhya ◽  
Manzur R. Farazi ◽  
Zhan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Locus System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSeveral important and fundamental aspects of disease genetics models have yet to be described. One such property is the relationship of disease association statistics at a marker site closely linked to a disease causing site. A complete description of this two-locus system is of particular importance to experimental efforts to fine map association signals for complex diseases. Here, we present a simple relationship between disease association statistics and the decline of linkage disequilibrium from a causal site. A complete derivation of this relationship from a general disease model is shown for very large sample sizes. Quite interestingly, this relationship holds across all modes of inheritance. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations using a disease genetics model applied to chromosomes subjected to a standard model of recombination are employed to better understand the variation around this fine mapping theorem due to sampling effects. We also use this relationship to provide a framework for estimating properties of a non-interrogated causal site using data at closely linked markers. We anticipate that understanding the patterns of disease association decay with declining linkage disequilibrium from a causal site will enable more powerful fine mapping methods.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF SKIN MEASUREMENTS AND MILK PRODUCTION LEVELS IN CATTLE BREEDS MAINTAINED IN THE TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
S. F. Amakiri
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The relationship between mean skin thickness or hair follicle depth of the skin from the midside (12th rib) area and milk production levels of pure Friesian (Holstein)cattle breeds, their ¾ and 7/8 crosses with White Fulani zebu, and pure White Fulanis, maintained in South-Western Nigeria were studied. A strongly positive linear correlation (r = 0.9), significant at 1% level was found between skin thickness and hair follicle depth, and milk production levels in these breeds. The results indicate that for cows maintained in a hot humid tropical environment, comparative midside skin thickness and hair follicle depth could be used as indices of the milk production potential of cows. It could be a useful field tool for selection of cows for milk production when considered along with other characteristics

scholarly journals Airline Financial Distress and Customer Satisfaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ribbink ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Martin Dresner
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation is conducted on the effect of financial distress on customer service levels in the U.S. airline industry. Using data from the first quarter of 1998 to the third quarter of 2006, we employ a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model to analyze the impact of financial distress on three measures of customer service. We find that higher financial distress is associated with better on-time performance of airlines and fewer lost bags. The relationship of airline financial distress to the number of bumped customers, however, is insignificant.

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