scholarly journals Mine and Me: Exploring the Neural Basis of Object Ownership

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3657-3668 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Turk ◽  
Kim van Bussel ◽  
Gordon D. Waiter ◽  
C. Neil Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Neural Basis ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Left Insula

Previous research has shown that encoding information in the context of self-evaluation leads to memory enhancement, supported by activation in ventromedial pFC. Recent evidence suggests that similar self-memory advantages can be obtained under nonevaluative encoding conditions, such as when object ownership is used to evoke self-reference. Using fMRI, the current study explored the neural correlates of object ownership. During scanning, participants sorted everyday objects into self-owned or other-owned categories. Replicating previous research, a significant self-memory advantage for the objects was observed (i.e., self-owned > other-owned). In addition, encoding self-owned items was associated with unique activation in posterior dorsomedial pFC (dMPFC), left insula, and bilateral supramarginal gyri (SMG). Subsequent analysis showed that activation in a subset of these regions (dMPFC and left SMG) correlated with the magnitude of the self-memory advantage. Analysis of the time-to-peak data suggested a temporal model for processing ownership in which initial activation of dMPFC spreads to SMG and insula. These results indicate that a self-memory advantage can be elicited by object ownership and that this effect is underpinned by activity in a neural network that supports attentional, reward, and motor processing.

Social group membership and an incidental ingroup-memory advantage

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Youngbin A Jeon ◽  
Alexis M Banquer ◽  
Anaya S Navangul ◽  
Kyungmi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
Task Demand ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Memory Suppression ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Self Reference

Extending the self-reference effect in memory to the level of social identity, previous research showed that processing information in reference to one’s ingroup at encoding enhances memory for the information (i.e., the group-reference effect). Notably, recent work on the self-reference effect has shown that even simply co-presenting an item with self-relevant vs. other-relevant information (e.g., one’s own or another person’s name) at encoding can produce an “incidental” self-memory advantage in the absence of any task demand to evaluate the item’s self-relevancy. In three experiments, the present study examined whether this incidental self-memory advantage extends to the level of social identity using newly created, minimal groups (Experiments 1 and 2) and pre-existing groups (Experiment 3; one’s own or another study major). During encoding, participants judged the location of each target word in relation to a simultaneously presented cue (Ingroup-cue or Outgroup-cue in Experiments 1 and 3; Ingroup-cue, Outgroup-cue, or Neutral-cue in Experiment 2). Consistent across all experiments, a subsequent recognition test revealed a significant memory advantage for words that were presented with the Ingroup-cue. Crucially, this incidental ingroup-memory advantage was driven by ingroup-memory enhancement rather than outgroup-memory suppression relative to memory for words presented with the Neutral-cue (Experiment 2), and was positively correlated with self-reported levels of ingroup identification (i.e., self-investment to one’s ingroup; Experiment 3). Taken together, the present findings provide novel evidence that mere incidental associations between one’s ingroup and to-be-remembered items in a non-referential, non-evaluative encoding context can produce a memory advantage for the items.

The neural basis of self-evaluation processing in social judgment

Neuroreport ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Yu ◽  
Shen Tu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Jiang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Self Evaluation

scholarly journals Mnemonic prediction errors promote detailed memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 422-434
Author(s):  
Oded Bein ◽  
Natalie A. Plotkin ◽  
Lila Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Object A ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Violated Expectations

When our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to update our knowledge to promote a more accurate representation of the world and facilitate future predictions. Theoretical models propose that these mnemonic prediction errors should be encoded into a distinct memory trace to prevent interference with previous, conflicting memories. We investigated this proposal by repeatedly exposing participants to pairs of sequentially presented objects (A → B), thus evoking expectations. Then, we violated participants’ expectations by replacing the second object in the pairs with a novel object (A → C). The following item memory test required participants to discriminate between identical old items and similar lures, thus testing detailed and distinctive item memory representations. In two experiments, mnemonic prediction errors enhanced item memory: Participants correctly identified more old items as old when those items violated expectations during learning, compared with items that did not violate expectations. This memory enhancement for C items was only observed when participants later showed intact memory for the related A → B pairs, suggesting that strong predictions are required to facilitate memory for violations. Following up on this, a third experiment reduced prediction strength prior to violation and subsequently eliminated the memory advantage of violations. Interestingly, mnemonic prediction errors did not increase gist-based mistakes of identifying old items as similar lures or identifying similar lures as old. Enhanced item memory in the absence of gist-based mistakes suggests that violations enhanced memory for items’ details, which could be mediated via distinct memory traces. Together, these results advance our knowledge of how mnemonic prediction errors promote memory formation.

Remembering the bad ones: Does the source memory advantage for cheaters influence our later actions positively?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110078
Author(s):  
Meike Kroneisen ◽  
Franziska M Bott ◽  
Maren Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Investment Game ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Previous research has demonstrated that people remember information that is (emotionally) incongruent to their expectations, but it has left open the question if this memory enhancement has also an influence on our later actions. We investigated this question in one pilot study and two experiments. In all studies, participants first interacted with trustworthy and untrustworthy looking partners in an investment game. Facial trustworthiness was manipulated to stimulate social expectations about the behaviour of the partners. In a later second investment game, participants played against old opponents from the first game and new opponents. Overall, willingness to cooperate in the second game was influenced by the formerly behaviour of the opponent. However, facial trustworthiness affected economic decisions, too. Furthermore, we analysed source memory data that indicated no differences in memory between cheaters and cooperators. Instead, source guessing was related to cooperation: The more participants guessed that an untrustworthy looking face belonged to a cheater, the less they cooperated with untrustworthy looking opponents. Interestingly, in Experiment 2, we found a positive correlation between old-new recognition and later cooperation. In sum, the results demonstrate that memory and guessing processes can influence later decisions. However, economic decisions are also heavily affected by other social expectations like facial trustworthiness.

scholarly journals The Role of Insula in Physical Activity Moderate the Association Between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Emotional Symptoms in Late Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Zou ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu ◽  
Shuman Tao ◽  
Yajuan Yang ◽  
Qingjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Problematic Mobile Phone Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Left Insula

Abstract Background: Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and psychopathological symptoms are great public health concerns in adolescents. Previous studies have shown the associations between PMPU and emotional symptoms, but few studies to explore physical activity (PA) and the neural structures correlated with PA which moderate the relationship between PMPU and emotional symptoms. The aim of current study is to examine the moderating effect of PA and neural basis of such moderating effect on the relation between PMPU and emotional symptoms.Methods: A total of 251 college students underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning. PMPU, PA and emotional symptom were assessed by self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use (SQAPMPU), international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-C), and depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21), respectively. A multiple regression model was performed to detect brain structure-gray matter volume associated with PA by voxel-based morphometry method. Moderating analysis was conducted using PROCESS macro in the SPSS software.Results: PA has significantly moderate effect on the association between PMPU with depressive (β = 0.301, p < 0.05), anxiety (β = 0.328, p < 0.05) and stress (β = 0.343, p < 0.05) symptoms. PA was correlated to the GMV of the right fusiform gyrus, the left precuneus, the left insula, and the left triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus. The relation between PMPU and depressive symptom was moderated by greater GMV of left insula.Conclusions: The findings indicate that high levels of PA can reducing the association between PMPU and emotional symptoms, and further find the GMV of left insula which correlated with PA may play a key role on the relationship between PMPU and depressive symptom. The intervention programs of emotional symptoms and insula-based deep brain stimulation is discussed as future study.

scholarly journals SAMPL: The Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau Sievers ◽  
Ida Momennejad
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Plasticity Model ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Strength Of Association

AbstractWe present the Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model (SAMPL), a computational model of how memory retrieval changes memories. SAMPL restructures memory networks as a function of spreading activation and plasticity. Memory networks are represented as graphs of items in which edge weights capture the strength of association between items. When an item is retrieved, activation spreads across nodes depending on edge weights and the strength of initial activation. A non-monotonic plasticity rule, in turn, updates edge weights following activation. SAMPL simulates human memory phenomena across a number of experiments including retrieval induced forgetting, context-based memory enhancement, and memory synchronization in conversational networks. Our results have implications for theorizing memory disorders such as PTSD and designing computationally assisted conversational therapy.

The impact of language proficiency on the time course and neural basis of L2 semantic access in bilinguals

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Baoguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Peak Latency ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Semantic Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Left Insula

Aims: The present study aimed to explore the impact of L2 proficiency on the time course and neural basis of L2 semantic access. Methodology: Two groups of participants with either high or low L2 proficiency performed a picture–word semantic matching task (i.e. consistent vs. inconsistent), with their event-related potentials (ERP) responses being recorded. Two stimulus types, L2 words and L1 words, were investigated in two separate blocks. Here the L1 words were tested as a control condition. Data and Analysis: The ERP epochs time-locked to the onset of the word were analyzed within 300–600 ms both at the surface (i.e. mean amplitude and peak latency) and the source (i.e. source localization) level. Findings/Conclusions: In the L2, a reliable N400 effect (i.e. semantic incongruity effect) was found for both high and low L2 proficiency bilinguals. However, the difference waves showed that the N400 peak latency was much shorter and the mean amplitude within 300–600 ms was much larger in bilinguals with higher L2 proficiency. Source localization analysis found left insula cortex (Brodmann area 13, Low > High) to be responsible for this proficiency effect (i.e. a decrease in the activation of left insula at a higher proficiency level). In the L1, a reliable N400 effect was found for both participant groups, and the two groups were matched in the N400 peak latency and amplitude, and its neural source. Originality: This study provides further evidence for the neural substrates underlying the modulation of L2 proficiency in semantic access by using a more sensitive task (i.e. picture–word matching task), and the current results revealed the engagement of left insula for the first time. Significance/Implications: The current findings suggest that L2 proficiency affects the time course and neural basis of L2 semantic access, probably through a modulation of the strength of “L2 word-to-concept” connections.

scholarly journals Mnemonic prediction errors promote detailed memories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oded Bein ◽  
Natalie A. Plotkin ◽  
Lila Davachi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Object A ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Memory Advantage ◽  
Violated Expectations

When our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to update our knowledge to promote a more accurate representation of the world and facilitate future predictions. Theoretical models propose that these mnemonic prediction errors should be encoded into a distinct memory trace to prevent interference with previous, conflicting memories. We investigated this proposal by repeatedly exposing participants to pairs of sequentially presented objects (A-&gt;B), thus evoking expectations. Then, we violated participants’ expectations by replacing the second object in the pairs with a novel object (A-&gt;C). The following item memory test required participants to discriminate between identical old items and similar lures, thus testing detailed and distinctive item memory representations. In two experiments, mnemonic prediction errors enhanced item memory: participants correctly identified more old items as old when those items violated expectations during learning, compared to items that did not violate expectations. This memory enhancement for C items was only observed when participants later showed intact memory for the related A-&gt;B pairs, suggesting that strong predictions are required to facilitate memory for violations. Following up on this, a third experiment reduced prediction strength prior to violation and subsequently eliminated the memory advantage of violations. Interestingly, mnemonic prediction errors did not increase gist-based mistakes of identifying old items as similar lures or identifying similar lures as ‘old’. Enhanced item memory in the absence of gist-based mistakes suggests that violations enhanced memory for items’ details, which could be mediated via distinct memory traces. Together, these results advance our knowledge of how mnemonic prediction errors promote memory formation

scholarly journals Amygdala lesions eliminate viewing preferences for faces in rhesus monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (31) ◽  
pp. 8043-8048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Taubert ◽  
Molly Flessert ◽  
Susan G. Wardle ◽  
Benjamin M. Basile ◽  
Aidan P. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Natural Images ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Amygdala Lesions ◽  
Socially Relevant

In free-viewing experiments, primates orient preferentially toward faces and face-like stimuli. To investigate the neural basis of this behavior, we measured the spontaneous viewing preferences of monkeys with selective bilateral amygdala lesions. The results revealed that when faces and nonface objects were presented simultaneously, monkeys with amygdala lesions had no viewing preference for either conspecific faces or illusory facial features in everyday objects. Instead of directing eye movements toward socially relevant features in natural images, we found that, after amygdala loss, monkeys are biased toward features with increased low-level salience. We conclude that the amygdala has a role in our earliest specialized response to faces, a behavior thought to be a precursor for efficient social communication and essential for the development of face-selective cortex.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document