Excessive Noise Injection Training of Neural Networks for Markerless Tracking in Obscured and Segmented Environments

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2122-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Unsworth ◽  
G. Coghill

In this letter, we demonstrate that the generalization properties of a neural network (NN) can be extended to encompass objects that obscure or segment the original image in its foreground or background. We achieve this by piloting an extension of the noise injection training technique, which we term excessive noise injection (ENI), on a simple feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP) network with vanilla backward error propagation to achieve this aim. Six tests are reported that show the ability of an NN to distinguish six similar states of motion of a simplified human figure that has become obscured by moving vertical and horizontal bars and random blocks for different levels of obscuration. Four more extensive tests are then reported to determine the bounds of the technique. The results from the ENI network were compared to results from the same NN trained on clean states only. The results pilot strong evidence that it is possible to track a human subject behind objects using this technique, and thus this technique lends itself to a real-time markerless tracking system from a single video stream.

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fiesler ◽  
A. Choudry ◽  
H.J. Caulfield

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Wichmann

This paper presents data on the Azoyú Tlapanec reference tracking system. The system is analyzed according to a procedure where default rules for how the system works are formulated and deviations are interpreted as being licensed by different levels of grammar organization along the lines of the local-global parameter proposed by Comrie (1989). The system is compared to its closest common typological congeners, obviation and switch-reference. Although it bears more resemblances to obviation, the system is neither clearly one of switch-reference, nor, indeed, of obviation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6797
Author(s):  
Monika Bjelopavlovic ◽  
Michael Weyhrauch ◽  
Christina Erbe ◽  
Franziska Burkard ◽  
Katja Petrowski ◽  
...  

First impressions are formed by the external appearance and, in this respect, essentially by an examination of the face. In the literature, the teeth, especially the maxillary front, are among an eye-catching and sensitive area that plays a significant role in the overall evaluation of appearance. In this study, the first eye fixation of 60 subjects with different levels of dental training (layperson, trained layperson, dental student, and dentist) is recorded using an eye-tracking system, and their subsequent evaluation of the images is recorded. Ten unedited original photographs of different maxillary anterior teeth and ten subsequently edited photographs will be used to evaluate forensic aspects such as the effect of symmetry and color on the overall evaluation. The results will be used to determine which areas of the maxillary anterior are demonstrably viewed and whether knowledge of dental esthetics influences evaluation and viewing.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Dodgson

© 2019 The Author The human figure is important in art. I discuss examples of the abstract depiction of the human figure, from both impressionist painting and children's book illustration, and the challenge faced in algorithmically mimicking what human artists can achieve. I demonstrate that there are excellent examples in both genres that provide insight into what a human artist sees as important in providing abstraction at different levels of detail. The challenge lies in the human brain having enormous knowledge about the world and an ability to make fine distinctions about other humans from posture, clothing and expression. This allows a human to make assumptions about human figures from a tiny amount of data, and allows a human artist to take advantage of this when creating art. The question for the computer graphics community is whether and how we could algorithmically mimic what a human artist can do. I provide evidence from both genres to suggest possible ways forward.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Shenghua Gong ◽  
Wenxue Guan ◽  
Benyuan Li ◽  
Haobo Li ◽  
...  

With the cost reduction of underwater sensor network nodes and the increasing demand for underwater detection and monitoring, near-land areas, shallow water areas, lakes and rivers have gradually tended to densely arranged sensor nodes. In order to achieve real-time monitoring, most nodes now have visual sensors instead of acoustic sensors to collect and analyze optical images, mainly because cameras might be more advantageous when it comes to dense underwater sensor networks. In this article, image enhancement, saliency detection, calibration and refraction model calculation are performed on the video streams collected by multiple optical cameras to obtain the track of the dynamic target. This study not only innovatively combines the application of AOD-Net’s (all-in-one network) image defogging algorithm with underwater image enhancement, but also refers to the BASNet (Boundary-Aware Salient network) network architecture, introducing frame difference results in the input to reduce the interference of static targets. Based on the aforementioned technologies, this paper designs a dynamic target tracking system centered on video stream processing in dense underwater networks. As part of the process, most nodes carried underwater cameras. When the dynamic target could be captured by at least two nodes in the network at the same time, the target position could then be calculated and tracked.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-1-292-13
Author(s):  
Yufang Sun ◽  
Jan P. Allebach

Embedding information into a printed image is useful in many aspects, in which reliable channel encoding/decoding systems are crucial, since there is information loss and error propagation during transmission. Circular coding is a general twodimensional channel coding method that allows data recovery with only a cropped portion of the code, and without the knowledge of the carrier image. While some traditional methods add redundancy bits to extend the length of the original massage length, this method embeds message into image rows in a repeated and shifted manner with redundancy, then uses the majority votes of the redundancy bits for recovery. In this paper, we developed a closed-form formula to predict its decoding success rate in a noisy channel under various transmission noise levels, using probabilistic modeling. The theoretical result is validated with simulations. This result enables the optimal parameter selection in the encoder and decoder system design, and decoding rate prediction with different levels of transmission error.


Author(s):  
Chalis Fajri Hasibuan ◽  
Syarifah Muthia Putri

Bunyi enak didengar kegiatan dalam tingkatan dan waktu tertentu yang menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan manusia dan kenyamanan lingkungan disebut kebisingan. Banyak pekerjaan/kegiatan masyarakat yang bisa menyebabkan kebisingan dalam tingkatan intensitas yang berbeda-beda.  Jika mendengarkan kebisingan yang lama secara berlebihan di kelas dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan pendengaran dan dapat mengakibatkan penurunan niat dalam belajar. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan penelitian adalah. Menghitung tingkat kebisingan di SD SwastaMedan, Menentukan zona kebisingan di area SD SwastaMedan., Mengurangi tingkat kebisingan dengan dibuat rekayasa kebisingan untuk sekolah. Tingkat Kebisingan pada SD Muhammadiyah 05 Medan setelah dilakukan pengukuran menggunkaan alat sound lavel meter diperoleh 5 titik pengukuran, yang nilai kebisingannya melewati ambang batas, yang telah ditentukan Titik 1 = 64.76 dB, Titik 2 = 64.45 dB, Titik 3 = 65.22 dB, Titik 7 = 61.48 dB, Titik 8 = 64.94 dB.   Sounds are pleasant to hear activities at a certain level and time which causes disruption of human health and comfort of the environment called noise. Many work / community activities can cause noise at different levels of intensity. If you listen to excessive noise excessively in class, it can cause hearing discomfort and can lead to a decrease in intention to learn. The purpose of the research is. Calculate the noise level in private elementary schools, determine the noise zone in the private elementary school area, reduce noise levels by making noise engineering for schools. Noise Levels at Muhammadiyah Elementary School 05 Medan after measurement using a lavel meter sound instrument obtained 5 measurement points, the noise value exceeding the specified threshold Point 1 = 64.76 dB, Point 2 = 64.45 dB, Point 3 = 65.22 dB, Point 7 = 61.48 dB, Point 8 = 64.94 dB.


2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 5555-5563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Zhang ◽  
Margie Hunt ◽  
Arina B. Telles ◽  
Hai Pham ◽  
Michael Lovelock ◽  
...  

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