Analysis of gm crops allowed for using in the european union

The development of biotechnology in the field of GMOs requires states to take specific decisions to regulate the spread of genetically modified crops. In the European Union all GM crops that circulation are subject to mandatory registration, which regulates the placing on the market and circulation of genetically modified raw materials, food and feed. The article presents systematized data about the registration of genetically modified soybean, maize and rapeseed in the European Union. It was established that most of the GM crops have introduced genes that give them tolerance to herbicides of different groups. The register of the European Union currently includes 12 events of soybean (GTS 40-3-2, A2704-12, Mon 89788, MON87705, DP 356043, A5547-127, FG 72, SYHTOH 2, DAS-44406-6, DAS-68416- 4, Mon 87708, BPS-CV127-9), 5 events of maize (MZHG0JG, DAS-40278-9, GA 21, NK 603, T 25), 3 events of rapeseed (GT 73, T45, TOPAS 19/2) with tolerance to herbicides. It has been shown that a significant number of registered GM plants have a combination of several events, including tolerance to herbicides and resistance to certain insects or improving quality features of crops. Among them are one event of soybean (DP305423-1), 9 events of maize (TC 1507, DP 4114-3, MON 87411-9, MON 87427, MON 88017, DAS59122-7, Bt 176, Bt 11, DAS 1507) and one event of rapeseed (MS8xRF3). Many GM crops (one event of soybean and 6 events of maize) have introduced genes that determine the plant's tolerance to insects. Only a tiny amount of GM crops are being with altered consumer or technological qualities. In the register of genetically modified crops, all events of GM crops are currently authorized for usage for food, supplements, feed and other product. А single event of maize (Mon 810), that was allowed for cultivation at the time of this analysis was at the stage of renewal of the permit.

Voltage Flip Efficiency Enhancement for Piezo Energy Harvesting

In this paper, we analyze the effect of an enhanced voltage flip technique on the power performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester. The enhanced voltage flip principle is based on a synchronized-switch-based architecture, and is referred to as FAR (Full Active Rectifier). It uses a tiny amount of the stored charge to boost the voltage flip. This work aims to demonstrate that, beside the enhanced flip efficiency, the FAR also contributes to improve the power efficiency of the harvester, especially under changing load constraint. Therefore, the paper proposes a thorough comparison between the FAR and its conventional counterpart, the Switch-only technique. The FAR is easy to implement and does not require any external inductor or capacitor. It only needs a reduced set of switches, an active diode and a simple control sequence, and can thus be implemented on a fully integrated circuit. The FAR can be used as a standalone voltage flip solution or in addition to further boost the flip efficiency in a state-of-the-art architecture such as SSHC for example. Tests were performed on a 0.35-µm process CMOS prototype IC. Experimental results revealed that the FAR extracts 19.1μW from an off-the-shelf piezoelectric transducer when the output voltage is regulated at 1V with 1 V open-circuit voltage and delivers up to 20% more power than the conventional Switch-only technique under load constraint. It also shows over 11× power efficiency improvement compared to a conventional diode-based full bridge rectifier.

Covalently Bonded Ir(IV) on Conducted Blue TiO2 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media

The stability of anode electrode has been a primary obstacle for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media. We design Ir-oxygen of hydroxyl-rich blue TiO2 through covalent bonds (Ir–O2–2Ti) and investigate the outcome of favored exposure of different amounts of covalent Ir–oxygen linked to the conductive blue TiO2 in the acidic OER. The Ir-oxygen-blue TiO2 nanoclusters show a strong synergy in terms of improved conductivity and tiny amount usage of Ir by using blue TiO2 supporter, and enhanced stability using covalent Ir-oxygen-linking (i.e., Ir oxide) in acid media, leading to high acidic OER performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 342 mV, which is much higher than that of IrO2 at 438 mV in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. Notably, the Ir–O2–2Ti has a great mass activity of 1.38 A/mgIr at an overpotential 350 mV, which is almost 27 times higher than the mass activity of IrO2 at the same overpotential. Therefore, our work provides some insight into non-costly, highly enhanced, and stable electrocatalysts for the OER in acid media.

BionetBF: A Novel Bloom Filter for Faster Membership Identification of Paired Biological Network Data

Biological network represents the interaction or relationship between the biological entities such as proteins and genes of a biological process. A biological network with thousands of millions of vertices makes its processing complex and challenging. In this article, we have proposed a novel Bloom Filter for biological networks, called BionetBF, to provide fast membership identification of the biological network edges or paired biological data. BionetBF is capable of executing millions of operations within a second on datasets having millions of paired biological data while occupying tiny amount of main memory. We have conducted rigorous experiments to prove the performance of BionetBF with large datasets. The experiment is conducted using 12 generated datasets and three biological network datasets. BionetBF demonstrates higher performance while maintaining a 0.001 false positive probability. BionetBF is also compared with other filters: Cuckoo Filter and Libbloom, where BionetBF proves its supremacy by exhibiting higher performance with a smaller sized memory compared with large sized filters of Cuckoo Filter and Libbloom.

Relaxed Core Stability in Fractional Hedonic Games

The core is a well-known and fundamental notion of stability in games intended to model coalition formation such as hedonic games. The fact that the number of deviating agents (that have to coordinate themselves) can be arbitrarily high, and the fact that agents may benefit only by a tiny amount from their deviation (while they could incur in a cost for deviating), suggest that the core is not able to suitably model many practical scenarios in large and highly distributed multi-agent systems. For this reason, we consider relaxed core stable outcomes where the notion of permissible deviations is modified along two orthogonal directions: the former takes into account the size of the deviating coalition, and the latter the amount of utility gain for each member of the deviating coalition. These changes result in two different notions of stability, namely, the q-size core and k-improvement core. We investigate these concepts of stability in fractional hedonic games, that is a well-known subclass of hedonic games for which core stable outcomes are not guaranteed to exist and it is computationally hard to decide nonemptiness of the core. Interestingly, the considered relaxed notions of core also possess the appealing property of recovering, in some notable cases, the convergence, the existence and the possibility of computing stable solutions in polynomial time.

Abstract depiction of human figures in impressionist art and children's picture books

© 2019 The Author The human figure is important in art. I discuss examples of the abstract depiction of the human figure, from both impressionist painting and children's book illustration, and the challenge faced in algorithmically mimicking what human artists can achieve. I demonstrate that there are excellent examples in both genres that provide insight into what a human artist sees as important in providing abstraction at different levels of detail. The challenge lies in the human brain having enormous knowledge about the world and an ability to make fine distinctions about other humans from posture, clothing and expression. This allows a human to make assumptions about human figures from a tiny amount of data, and allows a human artist to take advantage of this when creating art. The question for the computer graphics community is whether and how we could algorithmically mimic what a human artist can do. I provide evidence from both genres to suggest possible ways forward.

Abstract depiction of human figures in impressionist art and children's picture books

© 2019 The Author The human figure is important in art. I discuss examples of the abstract depiction of the human figure, from both impressionist painting and children's book illustration, and the challenge faced in algorithmically mimicking what human artists can achieve. I demonstrate that there are excellent examples in both genres that provide insight into what a human artist sees as important in providing abstraction at different levels of detail. The challenge lies in the human brain having enormous knowledge about the world and an ability to make fine distinctions about other humans from posture, clothing and expression. This allows a human to make assumptions about human figures from a tiny amount of data, and allows a human artist to take advantage of this when creating art. The question for the computer graphics community is whether and how we could algorithmically mimic what a human artist can do. I provide evidence from both genres to suggest possible ways forward.

Clay mineralogy of soils from lower atrai basin of Bangladesh

The lower Atrai basin, the study area, lies in the Agroecological Zone-5 (AEZ-5) of Bangladesh. This study reveals the clay mineral composition of top soils of seven different soil series viz. Binsara, Taras, Jaonia, Hasnabad, Laskara, Manda and Mainam developed in the basin. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. Results show that mica (41 to 59%) was the most dominant mineral among all soils except Laskara. In Laskara soils, the interstratified mica-vermiculite-smectite (41%) was the predominant mineral. Next to mica, kaolinite (10 to 12%) was found to be present in the Binsara, Taras 1, Jaonia, and Taras 2 soils. Chlorite (7 to 17%) was identified in all the soils and was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Manda and Mainam soils. In contrast, the interstratified mica-vermiculitesmectite (33%) was found to be the second dominant mineral in the Hasnabad soils. Small amounts of vermiculite mineral (1 to 13%) were identified in almost all the soils except Binsara. All the soils have interstratified mica-chlorite minerals (2 to 7%). A tiny amount of smectite (1%) was identified in Taras 1 soil. As far as the clay mineralogical composition is concerned, most studied soils were found at the initial stage of weathering, indicating the high potential to sustain low input subsistence agriculture. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 293-306, 2021 (July)

Fine Biocompatible Powders Synthesized from Calcium Lactate and Ammonium Sulfate

Fine biocompatible powders with different phase compositions were obtained from a 0.5 M solution of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and calcium lactate Ca(C3H5O3)2. The powder after synthesis and drying at 40 °C included calcium sulfate dehydrate CaSO4·2H2O and calcite CaCO3. The powder after heat treatment at 350 °C included β-hemihydrate calcium sulfate β-CaSO4·0.5H2O, γ-anhydrite calcium sulfate γ-CaSO4 and calcite CaCO3. The phase composition of powder heat-treated at 600 °C was presented as β-anhydrate calcium sulfate β-CaSO4 and calcite CaCO3. Increasing the temperature up to 800 °C leads to the sintering of a calcium sulfate powder consisting of β-anhydrite calcium sulfate β-CaSO4 main phase and a tiny amount of calcium oxide CaO. The obtained fine biocompatible powders of calcium sulfate both after synthesis and after heat treatment at temperature not above 600 °C can be recommended as a filler for producing unique composites with inorganic (glass, ceramic, cement) or polymer matrices.