scholarly journals Modeling of Tool-Tissue Interactions for Computer-Based Surgical Simulation: A Literature Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarthak Misra ◽  
K. T. Ramesh ◽  
Allison M. Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Organ Deformation ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Operative Planning

Surgical simulators present a safe and potentially effective method for surgical training, and can also be used in robot-assisted surgery for pre- and intra-operative planning. Accurate modeling of the interaction between surgical instruments and organs has been recognized as a key requirement in the development of high-fidelity surgical simulators. Researchers have attempted to model tool-tissue interactions in a wide variety of ways, which can be broadly classified as (1) linear elasticity-based, (2) nonlinear (hyperelastic) elasticity-based finite element (FE) methods, and (3) other techniques not based on FE methods or continuum mechanics. Realistic modeling of organ deformation requires populating the model with real tissue data (which are difficult to acquire in vivo) and simulating organ response in real time (which is computationally expensive). Further, it is challenging to account for connective tissue supporting the organ, friction, and topological changes resulting from tool-tissue interactions during invasive surgical procedures. Overcoming such obstacles will not only help us to model tool-tissue interactions in real time, but also enable realistic force feedback to the user during surgical simulation. This review paper classifies the existing research on tool-tissue interactions for surgical simulators specifically based on the modeling techniques employed and the kind of surgical operation being simulated, in order to inform and motivate future research on improved tool-tissue interaction models.

Real-Time FEM of Soft Tissues for Virtual Surgery

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Willberg ◽  
Harald Berger ◽  
Ulrich Gabbert
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Virtual Surgery ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Organ Models ◽  
Small Perforation ◽  
High Level

Endoscopic techniques require small perforation holes only as entries for optical and surgical instruments; such enabling the treatment of injuries with a minimized damage of the surrounding health tissue. But the surgeon has to operate in a 3D domain by looking at a distorted 2D image at the screen. It is well known, that a good surgeon needs a continuous training to perform such operations reliable in a top quality. To overcome the high costs and tight ethical restrictions of animal based education and training has result in an increasing development and application of virtual surgery simulators [1]. One of the main issues of surgery simulators is to ensure simultaneously the real time performance of the device, the high-level image representation and an acceptable force-feedback behavior. The basics of such simulators are mathematical models of the involved soft tissues, which have to perform in a realistic physical manner, with dynamic nonlinear large deformations, including the interaction of the different constituents (instrument/organ, organ/organ, organ by itself, cutting, bleeding etc). In the paper the focus is on realistic organ models and the realization of a fast contact search and reaction algorithm.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Real-Time Medical Simulations with Soft-Tissue Deformation: Computational Approaches, Interaction Devices, System Architectures, and Clinical Validations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan-Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho ◽  
Tien-Tuan Dao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Computational Approaches

Simulating deformations of soft tissues is a complex engineering task, and it is even more difficult when facing the constraint between computation speed and system accuracy. However, literature lacks of a holistic review of all necessary aspects (computational approaches, interaction devices, system architectures, and clinical validations) for developing an effective system of soft-tissue simulations. This paper summarizes and analyses recent achievements of resolving these issues to estimate general trends and weakness for future developments. A systematic review process was conducted using the PRISMA protocol with three reliable scientific search engines (ScienceDirect, PubMed, and IEEE). Fifty-five relevant papers were finally selected and included into the review process, and a quality assessment procedure was also performed on them. The computational approaches were categorized into mesh, meshfree, and hybrid approaches. The interaction devices concerned about combination between virtual surgical instruments and force-feedback devices, 3D scanners, biomechanical sensors, human interface devices, 3D viewers, and 2D/3D optical cameras. System architectures were analysed based on the concepts of system execution schemes and system frameworks. In particular, system execution schemes included distribution-based, multithread-based, and multimodel-based executions. System frameworks are grouped into the input and output interaction frameworks, the graphic interaction frameworks, the modelling frameworks, and the hybrid frameworks. Clinical validation procedures are ordered as three levels: geometrical validation, model behavior validation, and user acceptability/safety validation. The present review paper provides useful information to characterize how real-time medical simulation systems with soft-tissue deformations have been developed. By clearly analysing advantages and drawbacks in each system development aspect, this review can be used as a reference guideline for developing systems of soft-tissue simulations.

In Situ Measurement and Modeling of Human Cadaveric Soft Tissue Mechanical Properties for Use in Real Time Surgical Simulation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Je Lim ◽  
Dhannanjay Deo ◽  
Suvranu De
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Surgery Simulator

Development of a realistic surgery simulator that delivers high fidelity visual and haptic (force) feedback, based on the physical models of soft tissues, requires the use of empirical data on the mechanical behavior of intra-abdominal organs under the action of external forces. Measurement of mechanical properties of soft tissues on live human patients presents significant risks, making the use of cadavers a logical alternative. In this paper we present techniques of measuring and modeling the mechanical response of human cadaveric tissue for the purpose of developing a “virtual cadaver” model. The major contribution of this paper is the development of physics-based models of soft tissues that range from linear elastic models to nonlinear viscoelastic models which are efficient for application within the framework of a real time surgery simulator.

scholarly journals Drosophila Larval Models of Invasive Tumorigenesis for In Vivo Studies on Tumour/Peripheral Host Tissue Interactions during Cancer Cachexia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8317
Author(s):  
Joseph Hodgson ◽  
Jean-Philippe Parvy ◽  
Yachuan Yu ◽  
Marcos Vidal ◽  
Julia Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Tnf Α

Cancer cachexia is a common deleterious paraneoplastic syndrome that represents an area of unmet clinical need, partly due to its poorly understood aetiology and complex multifactorial nature. We have interrogated multiple genetically defined larval Drosophila models of tumourigenesis against key features of human cancer cachexia. Our results indicate that cachectic tissue wasting is dependent on the genetic characteristics of the tumour and demonstrate that host malnutrition or tumour burden are not sufficient to drive wasting. We show that JAK/STAT and TNF-α/Egr signalling are elevated in cachectic muscle and promote tissue wasting. Furthermore, we introduce a dual driver system that allows independent genetic manipulation of tumour and host skeletal muscle. Overall, we present a novel Drosophila larval paradigm to study tumour/host tissue crosstalk in vivo, which may contribute to future research in cancer cachexia and impact the design of therapeutic approaches for this pathology.

scholarly journals Drosophila larval models of invasive tumourigenesis for in vivo studies on tumour/peripheral host tissue interactions during cancer cachexia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Hodgson ◽  
Jean Philippe Parvy ◽  
Yachuan Yu ◽  
Julia Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Tnf Α

Cancer cachexia is a common deleterious paraneoplastic syndrome that represents an area of unmet clinical need, partly due to its poorly understood aetiology and complex multifactorial nature. We have interrogated multiple genetically defined larval Drosophila models of tumourigenesis against key features of human cancer cachexia. Our results indicate that cachectic tissue wasting is dependent on the genetic characteristics of the tumour and demonstrate that host malnutrition or tumour burden are not sufficient to drive wasting. We show that JAK/STAT and TNF-α/Egr signalling are elevated in cachectic muscle and promote tissue wasting. Furthermore, we introduce a dual driver system that allows independent genetic manipulation of tumour and host skeletal muscle. Overall, we present a novel Drosophila larval paradigm to study tumour/host tissue crosstalk in vivo, which may contribute to future research in cancer cachexia and impact the design of therapeutic approaches for this pathology.

Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 996-1008
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Qiuzheng Du ◽  
Lihua Zuo ◽  
Peng Xue ◽  
Chao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

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