scholarly journals Win or Lose: Residential Sorting After a School Choice Lottery

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
Andrew Bibler ◽  
Stephen B. Billings
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Neighborhood Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Residential Sorting ◽  
Average School

We examine residential relocation and opting out of the public school system in response to school choice lottery outcomes. We show that rising kindergartners and sixth graders who lose a school choice lottery are 6 percentage points more likely to exit the district or change neighborhood schools (20% to 30% increase) and make up 0.14 to 0.35 standard deviations in average school test scores between lottery assignment and attendance the following year. Using hedonic-based estimates of land prices, we estimate that lottery losers pay a 9% to 11% housing price premium for access to a school with a 1 standard deviation higher mean test score.

scholarly journals Paying for School Choice: Availability Differences among Local Education Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lee
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Public School ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Underperforming Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Public School Choice ◽  
Education Markets

On the grounds of the school zone discontinuity by parents’ educational level, housing price, and household income, empowering parents to choose children’s schools with their own hands has the potential to improve overall access to education by weakening geographical advantages, or disadvantages, and opening up invisible boundaries between communities. Though recent school choice proposals seem aligned with issues of access to education, little research has paid attention to potential access to and actual utilization of the federal government-initiated choice program in competitive markets. This paper explores whether or not the markets for the public school choice provision under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 are ready to serve students at chronically underperforming schools, by representing the geographic distribution of choice availability in a segregated metropolitan area. This study finds that the public school choice provision under the NCLB builds unequal choice settings between school districts.

Privatization, School Choice and Educational Equality

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Dahan
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Educational Justice ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fair Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Ideological Background

This Article looks at aspects of the relationship between privatization in education and educational justice, examining these relationships from normative and empirical points of view. It explores different meanings of privatization in the realm of education and assesses underlying reasons for certain aspects of privatization in light of two educational justice: the adequacy approach and the fair equality of opportunity approach. The Article argues that given the competitive nature of the sphere of education, considerations of fairness, as well as utility, solidarity, and democracy supply strong reasons for rejecting various arguments that support the existence of private schools. In the last thirty years, vouchers and school choice schemes have constituted the main modes of privatization, importing market mechanisms and the logic of competition into the realm of education. Empirical evidence suggests that vouchers and school choice schemes have not fulfilled the promise of reducing educational inequalities, partly due to the political, social, economic and ideological background in which they were implemented. The introduction of competition in the realm of education has created a reality that encourages schools to prefer “low cost” students—students from middle and upper classes families—over “high cost” disadvantaged students—who come mainly from the lower class, and students with special needs. Not only have marketization and privatization changed the way that society distributes educational services, they promote a social ethos that emphasizes self-interest over the advancement of the public good and erodes democratic public forums in which collective societal decisions should be resolved.

The 1990 Pennsylvania Antitakeover Law: Should Firms Opt Out of Antitakeover Legislation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mick Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Opting Out ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Econometric Technique ◽  
Event Study Methodology

This paper examines the firm's opting out decision and the impact of the 1990 Pennsylvania Antitakeover Law on the stock prices of 123 firms. The results indicate that on average Pennsylvania stock returns decreased by 9 percent from introduction to passage. A comparison indicates that firms that opted out had CARs 18 percentage points higher than firms that chose not to opt out. The event study methodology may not be appropriate because investors may anticipate the passage of legislation and because there may be multiple events. Intervention analysis, an econometric technique not previously used in this area, is applied and the results support the agency cost hypothesis. A logit model is implemented to find the sources of the losses and gains and to study why firms choose to opt out. In this model, firms are controlled for antitakeover amendments, takeover activity, insider holdings, large noninsider holdings, size, and industry. Firms with a proxy for lower agency costs were found to be more likely to opt out of the legislation.

Crumbling Walls, Peeling Paint, and High Achievement Orientation: Alternative Facts or Truth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Rathey
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Neighborhood Schools ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
The Right

This article examines historical context shaping the achievement gap while considering school choice. Students in low performing districts are often labeled as unmotivated or not achievement oriented. These assertions are upheld by citing attendance rates, graduation rates, and achievement data. This research article demonstrates that a sample of students in a low performing district has similarly aligned attitudes and self-reported behaviors related to achievement and success as a neighboring affluent district. Differences appear when students reflect upon safety and resources. This article demonstrates that public education works when the right resources are in place; so why push minorities out of their neighborhood schools toward charters and magnets rather than bolster and make equitable the existing system?

Reframing Classroom Research: A Lesson from the Private World of Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Alton-Lee ◽  
Graham Nuthall ◽  
John Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Classroom Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private World ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
And Gender

Research on classroom discourse typically focuses on the public statements of teachers and children. In this article, Adrienne Alton-Lee, Graham Nuthall, and John Patrick describe findings from a project in which sixth-graders' public and private statements,to themselves and to peers, were recorded using individual microphones. The authors analyzed the children's utterances as data about the children's cognitive and emotional responses to the ongoing lesson. The data reflect how the children perceived and responded to subtle cultural and gender biases in the curriculum and in the teacher's presentation. Their study allows us to better understand children's actual experiences as they struggle with the overt and covert messages of the curriculum.

scholarly journals Institutional Arrangements and the Creation of Social Capital: The Effects of Public School Choice

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schneider ◽  
Paul Teske ◽  
Melissa Marschall ◽  
Michael Mintrom ◽  
Christine Roch
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public School Choice ◽  
Quasi Experimental

While the possible decline in the level of social capital in the United States has received considerable attention by scholars such as Putnam and Fukuyama, less attention has been paid to the local activities of citizens that help define a nation's stock of social capital. Scholars have paid even less attention to how institutional arrangements affect levels of social capital. We argue that giving parents greater choice over the public schools their children attend creates incentives for parents as “citizen/consumers” to engage in activities that build social capital. Our empirical analysis employs a quasi-experimental approach comparing parental behavior in two pairs of demographically similar school districts that vary on the degree of parental choice over the schools their children attend. Our data show that, controlling for many other factors, parents who choose when given the opportunity are higher on all the indicators of social capital analyzed. Fukuyama has argued that it is easier for governments to decrease social capital than to increase it. We argue, however, that the design of government institutions can create incentives for individuals to engage in activities that increase social capital.

Black Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market: An Earnings Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Daneshvary ◽  
R. Keith Schwer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The U.S

This article investigates the existence and sources of earnings differentials between black Americans and black immigrants, and between black and nonblack immigrants. Employing the Public Use Sample of the 1980 census, the gross earnings differentials between black immigrants and black Americans are estimated to be 8.7 percent in favor of Americans (i.e., Americans earn 8.7 percent more than immigrants). About 2 percentage points and 6.7 percentage points of the gross differential are, respectively, due to differences in average characteristics and in returns to the characteristics. The gross differential between black and nonblack immigrants is 22.1 percent in favor of nonblack, of which 13.8 percentage points are due to differences in average characteristics and 8.3 are due to differences in returns to characteristics.

Jury Aversion and Voter Registration

1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eric Oliver ◽  
Raymond E. Wolfinger
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Jury Service ◽  
Jury Duty ◽  
Election Studies

Election officials often say that many Americans do not register to vote for fear of being called to jury duty. The only published study on the topic claims that aversion to jury service depresses turnout by more than seven percentage points. We use questions from the 1991 National Election Studies Pilot Study to ascertain beliefs about the sources of jury lists, and we relate those impressions to registration status. We find that barely half the public professes any knowledge of how juries are chosen, and just 42% believe that they come from voter registration records. Estimations from a multivariate analysis indicate that fear of jury service accounts for less than a one percentage point drop in turnout. We discuss the implications of this finding both for reform proposals and the rational choice theory of turnout.

The Missing Public Interest in Land: Auctions of Public Land in Taipei City

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640003
Author(s):  
TZU-CHIN LIN ◽  
YUN-TING CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Public Land ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Land Value ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
The Government

One of the fundamental services a modern government shall furnish is affordable housing. The ratio of the housing price to household income in Taipei has in recent years reached an astonishing figure of 15. Taipei has long suffered from a lack of readily available sites for residential development. In addition to monetary and fiscal policies, a supply-oriented and location-specific measure is therefore called for. In this vein, the supply of public land in the market has become a promising policy alternative. In spite of that, public land is an asset that belongs to all citizens. Therefore, sales of public land shall meet three conditions so as not to violate the requirement of the public interest. First of all, the price of land sold to private developers shall reflect the reasonable price that the parcel expects to fetch in the market. Secondly, the land sold to the developers shall be quickly developed in accordance with its highest and best use, and not instead remain idle. Finally, no excessive profits shall be obtained from the land by the developers when the land is later developed and houses are sold. Our empirical evidence on auctions of public land in Taipei between 2006 and 2014 provides some disappointing findings. On average, public land is worth 1.37 times more than its auctioned price. In addition, nearly 90% of undeveloped public land has been idle for more than three years after being auctioned. Besides, the effective rates of land value tax and land value increment tax are on average 0.155% and 1.01%, respectively. We therefore conclude that the auctioning of public land in Taipei has operated against the public interest. We suggest that the government in future consider both fiscal and physical measures to improve the uses of public land. However, taxation shall remain the cornerstone of the policy package.

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